试论污染源普查的质量保证

以《全国污染源普查条例》为依据，结合工业污染源调查、排污申报以及环境统计的体会，阐述了影响污染源普查的质量内涵、制约因素，提出了相应的对策，对污染源普查具有一定的借鉴作用。     

污染源普查档案应用于环境管理的思考

简述了建立污染源普查档案的关键环节,对污染源普查档案的运用与环境管理进行了认真的思考,并提出了现实性的建议。     

南京市污染源普查的质控工作探讨

对南京市在污染源普查过程中采取的质控措施进行了探讨,分析出普查质控工作的不足,并提出了几点建议。为提高以后普查的质量拓宽思路。     

物料衡算法在第一次全国污染源普查工业源污染物排放量核算中应用的探讨

物料衡算法是污染源普查技术规定的污染物排放量核算方法之一,但对物料衡算法的方法技巧缺乏深入全面的归纳和总结,难以为基层污染源普查人员所掌握运用。在分析存在问题的基础上,结合排污量的核定的实践,总结出进行物料衡算的一些技巧,并提出通过策略性的手段,提高调查数据可信度的观点。     

第一次全国污染源普查重点污染源空间数据管理与信息共享服务平台建设研究

第一次全国污染源普查是重大的国情调查,分析和利用好第一次全国污染源普查数据具有重要意义.针对第一次全国污染源普查重点污染源数据,采用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,基于面向服务架构(SOA)设计,开发了第一次全国污染源普查重点污染源空间数据管理与信息共享服务平台,平台包括数据库、数据库管理系统、信息发布与共享服务平台.平台为污染源普查数据的制图、可视化分析、汇总和发布提供空间数据服务和技术支撑,为第一次全国污染源普查工作办公室提供了可视化的管理平台,也为相关业务部门和科研机构提供了方便的数据查询、分级浏览和分发服务等功能,有力地支撑了污染源普查数据的共享、分析和应用.     

浅谈工业源产排污系数的应用

第一次全国污染源普查,是一项重大的国情调查。如何正确运用工业源的产排污系数,将直接关系到这次普查的成败。据此,阐述了工业源产排污系数的适用性和作用,针对其应用中存在的局限性,提出了一些建议。     

2007年度优秀编委

浙江省政府以及各市、县（市、区）政府对第一次污染源普查工作高度重视,各级环保部门认真落实,各级普查办工作积极,各相关部门大力配合,建立机构、落实经费、宣传发动、人员培训、普查监测、入户清查等前期准备工作都开展得较为顺利,工作效果显著。浙江省污染源普查工作有序开展,稳步推进。     

制备高纯二氧化氯技术的重大突破

四川大学化学学院与成都川大金钟科技有限公司联合开发成功一种新型还原剂，与氯酸盐在酸性条件下反应，可生产纯度大于95％的二氧化氯，并在500g／h生产高纯二氧化氯发生器上应用成功。     

酸性甲醛改性对花生壳吸附重金属离子的影响

花生壳的酸性甲醛改性对重金属离子的吸附有较大影响.改性过程使花生壳中一些含有羟基、羧基、芳香环、C-O和C-O-C键的混合物被脱除.改性后花生壳的等电点略有升高,而和羧基有关的表面负电荷量则明显降低.混合物的脱除使Pb2 的吸附量明显降低,Cr3 、Cu2 的吸附量改变不大.改性使羧基减少的同时也暴露了新的Cr3 、Cu2 的吸附位点.改性还有利于增加重金属离子在花生壳内孔中的传质速率,从而使吸附达到平衡的时间略有减少.     

ARIMA模型在苏州河总磷预测中的应用

目前苏州河面临潜在的富营养化危机,氮、磷含量较高的污染源是富营养化形成的直接诱因.选择总磷指标为研究对象,介绍运用时间序列分析法对总磷进行ARIMA建模预测,确定ARIMA(11,0,0)即AR(11)为最终模型,用1986～2003年数据对2004和2005年进行预测,结果得出苏州河总磷在未来2年呈波动下降趋势,最终在0.4～0.6 mg/L之间上下波动,但仍高于地面水Ⅴ类标准.模型适用于苏州河总磷的短期预测,完善苏州河富营养化预测管理系统.     

use of 1970 census of population data for air pollution research

Today, many more communities in the United States are in a better position to undertake the study of the possible health effects of the air pollution in their environment than has been possible before. Further, such study may furnish baseline data for evaluating the efficacy of air pollution control activity in those cities.

Assessment by city and county control officials can be accomplished by examining the relationship between the demographic characteristics of the area as reported in the 1970 Census of Population, the aerometric measurements now being made routinely in many areas, and mortality in the population as reported to the state office of vital statistics. From the census, detailed demographic or population data will be available by census tract in urban areas. These areas include virtually every U. S. city with a population of 50,000 or more.

The procedures used in the Buffalo and Nashville Air Pollution Studies are discussed with a view toward possible replication by other geographic areas. The need to take account of differences in socio-economic status is emphasized, as is the desirability of obtaining smoking histories. Another major type of air pollution research which is again made possible by the 1970 Census is the comparison of mortality experience, on an agespecific and an age-adjusted basis centered around 1970, for the more than 200 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States.     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.