城市蓄水水库水质污染预测模型的研究

根据深水非分层化水库的水动力学特征，建立了适用于快速过水城市蓄水水库的水动力生态水质预测模型。模型状态变量包括水库形态、库容、水位、温度、光照、透明度、悬浮物、可溶解磷、颗粒磷、氨氮、硝态氮、叶绿素、溶解氧、BOD等。模型经过率定有效好的精确度和可靠性，并应用于南方某水库的水资源保护和水污染控制规划。     

洪湖沉积物内源污染及其氮磷释放特征

为研究洪湖沉积物污染特征及内源营养盐释放规律,在不同季节对洪湖13个沉积物采样点进行调查,并利用柱状沉积物采样器原位采集沉积物开展静态模拟释放试验. 结果表明:①洪湖沉积物有机质、总氮和总磷含量的平均值分别为19%、4 407.4 mg/kg和1421.0 mg/kg,内源污染严重;②洪湖沉积物污染可能是水体中氮磷营养盐的重要来源之一,在5 d的静态释放模拟试验中,夏季上覆水中总氮和总磷平均浓度分别升高1.467和0.042 mg/L,冬季分别升高0.224和0.036 mg/L;③洪湖沉积物中氮磷的释放表现出显著的时空差异,夏季洪湖沉积物总氮、总磷的平均释放速率分别为133.9和4.0 mg/(m2·d),冬季分别为32.1和3.4 mg/(m2·d);④根据试验结果估算,洪湖沉积物氮的释放潜力为3 500~14 000 t/a,磷的释放潜力为350~400 t/a. 研究显示,在控制流域外源污染输入和减少湖区面源污染的同时,应从根本上改善洪湖水质并重塑洪湖湿地生态系统结构与功能,在科学指导下采取远近结合的方式分区域在洪湖开展受污染沉积物的修复工作.      

高州水库表层沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

为全面了解高州水库(石骨库区和良德库区)表层沉积物重金属污染水平及其潜在的生态风险,在高州水库及其入库支流采集沉积物样品15个,分析Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Mn和As共8种重金属的含量水平及其分布特征.采用地累积指数(I_geo)、潜在生态危害指数(RI)及基于生物效应浓度的评价法,对高州水库及其支流表层沉积物重金属污染进行分析和评价.结果表明:高州水库及入库支流沉积物中重金属含量水平变动趋势基本一致,顺序依次为w(Zn)>w(Cr)>w(Pb)>w(Mn)>w(Ni)>w(Cu)>w(As)>w(Cd),w(Cd)和w(Cr)空间分布不均匀;地累积指数显示,8种重金属污染程度处于无污染至中度污染,污染程度强弱顺序为Zn>Cd>Cr>Ni>Pb≈Cu>Mn≈As;潜在生态风险指数显示,高州水库及其入库支流表层沉积物重金属污染处于中等生态危害程度;基于沉积物质量基准的评价结果显示,高州水库沉积物重金属对生物的急性毒性效应不明显.水库上游支流沉积物中重金属的毒性应引起有关部门重视.      

山美水库沉积物氮磷和有机质污染特征及评价

为揭示山美水库沉积物中污染物的空间分布状况,测定了山美水库47个采样点(包含8个柱状样)的TN、TP及OM含量,分析了各污染因子之间的相关性以及C/N,并对山美水库沉积物的污染层进行了污染状况评价.结果表明,污染层TN平均含量为1 180 mg·kg~(-1),TP平均含量为642 mg·kg~(-1),OM的平均质量分数为3.30%.其中TN与TP含量随着深度加深到正常层呈现稳定或较低的状态.污染层C/N整体远高于普通湖泊,有机质大多由自然陆源贡献,少部分由浮游动植物及藻类转化而来.相关性分析表明TN、TP和OM三者之间都呈极显著相关,说明沉积物中氮磷多以有机形式存在,且具有一定同源性.评价结果中有机氮及有机指数都为尚清洁的状态,总磷为中度污染,接近重度污染.     

渔洞水库水质污染与防治研究

渔洞水库水质污染严重,污染源于库区养殖业,过量的化肥、农药施用,生活污水及生活垃圾;库区生态环境脆弱,水土流失加剧,人口过载.为保护水源地,应控制水源污染,控制人口数量,提高人口素质,保护生态环境,实施相关政策及产业结构调整,加大管理力度,以实现库区社会经济与环境的协调发展.     

观音阁水库水质污染分析及防治对策

通过对观音阁水库水质污染的现状调查与分析，了解水质污染状况，进而提出可行性意见和防治对策。     

西泉眼水库水质污染状况的初步研究

通过对西泉眼水库水质污染状况的初步研究,发现总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数是主要污染物,且污染呈加重趋势.     

东风水库水质污染变动趋势分析

本文以１９８５年－１９９３年东风水库水质实测资料为依据，在水质评价的基础上，采用Ｓｐｅａｒｍａｎ秩相关系数法对水质污染变动趋势进行了定量分析。同时，用模糊综合评价模式对水库富营养程度进行了评价，针对库区周围污染排放现状，分析了水库水质污染的潜在威胁，提出了水源保护措施及对策。     

柴石滩水库水质污染成因分析

通过对柴石滩水库及上游河道的水质评价及其污染源分析，得出水库上游河段污染物的不断累积是柴石滩水库水质污染主要成因，其中又以生活污染的贡献率最大的结论，并提出了相应的改善水质的建议和措施。     

大伙房水库水质污染和富营养化问题

通过对近几年的水库水质监测资料分析，大伙房水库不断恶化，总磷等污染在加剧。通过对大伙房水库水质的营养特征及对水生生物种类组成的分析，阐述了大伙房水库属中指出富营养化，水体受到污染，水质等级为二级。提出了大伙房水库污染防治对策。     

北京北运河水系水质污染特征及污染来源分析

以北运河水系主要干支流2011年1～12月23项指标的监测数据为依据,采用水质类别法和平均综合污染指数法,对水质污染特征进行综合评价,运用主成分分析和系统聚类分析法,对水质指标主成分以及水质差异进行分类,并进一步对不同干支流污染来源进行分析.结果表明,北运河水系由于排污量大,地表水污染严重,除城市中心区部分河流水质为Ⅲ~Ⅳ类外,城市排水河流、远郊河流水质均为劣Ⅴ类.水质由3个主成分组成,COD、CODMn、BOD5、NH3-N、TP等为第一主成分;汞为第二主成分;石油类为第三主成分.干支流水质分为4类:第1类为清洁水源类河流,主要集中在城市中心区,降雨地表径流、雨污合流管网溢流引起的非点源污染是影响其水质达标的重要污染源;第2类为再生水水源类河流,主要集中在城市排水上游河流,城镇污水处理厂排水是其主要污染源;第3类为再生水与污水混合水源类河流,主要集中在城市排水下游河流及部分远郊区河流,由于城市下游排水管网不健全,远郊区污水集中处理率低,生活源和农业源的污染贡献率较高,水质污染严重;第4类为污水水源类河流,分布于远郊区县,农业污染占比较大,水质污染最严重.     

桃江河沉积物中重金属污染特征及风险评价

以赣江上游桃江河沉积物为研究对象,通过采集45个平水期表层沉积物样品,分析Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb和W 7种元素含量,查明沉积物中重金属污染特征,结合主成分分析和相关性分析方法探讨表层沉积物中重金属的来源,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物中重金属进行了评价.结果表明,桃江河沉积物中Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb和W的平均含量均超过赣州市土壤环境背景值;主成分提取的两个主成分的累积贡献率为58.22%,结合Pearson相关性分析结果,表明Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb、W主要来源于矿业活动和城市生活排放等人为活动的影响,Cr主要来源于自然源的影响;地累积指数法评价结果表明,桃江河沉积物Cd为主要污染元素,表现为偏重污染程度,Cu呈偏中污染程度,Zn、As和W这3种元素则表现为轻度污染程度,而Cr和Pb则无污染;潜在生态指数评价结果表明,Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、W均属于低生态风险等级;Cd为严重生态风险等级.潜在生态风险指数(RI)为53.60～7379.35,其中低级、中度、重度生态风险的样点分别占13.33%、17.78%、17.78%,而严重生态风险的样点占51.11%,中度生态风险及以上的点位占据85%以上,可见桃江河沉积物中重金属存在极为严重生态风险.     

分流制雨水管网沉积物中典型抗生素抗性基因污染特性

针对城市雨水管网沉积物中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)污染特性尚不清楚的问题,本研究选择南京江北新区3种不同功能区(文教区、交通区及商业区)分流制雨水管网沉积物作为研究对象,考察了各功能区雨水管网沉积物中细菌耐药性,分析了β-内酰胺类和四环素类两类典型ARGs的组成种类及其相对丰度差异,重点探讨了上述典型ARGs在不同粒径颗粒中的分布特征.结果表明,各功能区可培养细菌总数大小顺序为商业区>文教区>交通区,而携带典型ARGs的耐药菌(ARB)相对含量大小顺序却为文教区>商业区>交通区;交通区的典型ARGs相对丰度高于文教区和商业区1个数量级;随着干期长度的增加,各功能区雨水管网沉积物中典型ARGs种类及相对丰度均有不同程度的减少;随着颗粒粒径的减小,文教区雨水管道沉积物中典型ARGs的丰度变化不大,交通区的雨水管道沉积物中典型ARGs的丰度则呈增加趋势,而商业区的无明显规律;粒径较小的颗粒中可移动遗传因子(MGEs)对ARGs的分布影响更大,且以<75μm粒径段颗粒中的最明显(相关系数为0.874).     

不同强度降雨径流对水源水库热分层和水质的影响

基于西安金盆水库2012～2019年汛期多场不同强度的降雨径流水质数据,对水温、浊度、总氮、总磷及含砂率等指标进行分析,全面探究不同强度降雨径流潜入过程及其对水源水库热分层与水质的影响.结果发现,不同强度降雨潜入库区位置不同,径流量较小时(洪峰流量<500m3/s),径流为等温度层潜流,从温跃层上部进入库区;中径流(洪...     

Effect of a seasonal diffuse pollution migration on natural organic matter behavior in a stratified dam reservoir

This article aims to describe the influence of diffuse pollution on the temporal and spatial characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) in a stratified dam reservoir, the Daecheong Dam, on the basis of intensive observation results and the dynamic water quality simulation using CE-QUAL-W2. Turbidity is regarded as a comprehensive representation of allochothonous organic matter from diffuse sources in storm season because the turbidity concentration showed reasonable significance in a statistical correlation with the UV absorbance at 254 nm and total phosphorus. CE-QUAL-W2 simulation results showed good consistency with the observed data in terms of dissolved organic matter (DOM) including refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) and labile DOC and also well explained the internal movement of constituents and stratification phenomenon in the reservoir. Instead turbidity and NOM were related well in the upper region of the reservoir according to flow distance, gradually as changing to dissolved form of organic matter, RDOM affected organic matter concentration of reservoir water quality compared to turbidity. To control the increase of soluble organic matters in the dam reservoir, appropriate dam water discharge gate operation provided effective measurement. Because of the gate operation let avoid the accumulation of organic matter within a dam reservoir by shorten of turbid regime retention time.     

Modeling the effects of constructed wetland on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement

This article describes the integrated modeling approach for planning the size and the operation of constructed wetlands for maximizing retention of nonpoint source pollutant loads and reservoir water-quality improvement at a catchment scale.The experimental field-scale wetland systems (four sets,0.88 ha each) have been in operation since 2002,where water depth was maintained at 30–50 cm and hydraulic loading rate was at 6.3–18.8 cm/day.The wetland system was found to be adequate for treating polluted stream water with stable removal efficiency even during the winter.The integrated modeling system (modified-BASINS) was applied to the Seokmoon estuarine reservoir watershed and calibrated with monitoring data from constructed wetland,stream,and reservoir.The calibrated integrated modeling system estimated that constructing wetlands on 0.5% (about 114 ha) of the watershed area at the mouth of reservoir could reduce 11.61% and 13.49% of total external nitrogen and phosphorus loads,respectively.It also might improve the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the reservoir by 9.69% and 16.48%,respectively.The study suggested that about 0.1%–1.0% of the watershed area should be allocated for constructed wetland to meet specified water-quality standards for the estuarine reservoir at the polder area where land use planning is relatively less complicated.     

Effect of a seasonal di use pollution migration on natural organic matter behavior in a stratified dam reservoir

This article aims to describe the influence of di use pollution on the temporal and spatial characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) in a stratified dam reservoir, the Daecheong Dam, on the basis of intensive observation results and the dynamic water quality simulation using CE-QUAL-W2. Turbidity is regarded as a comprehensive representation of allochothonous organic matter from di use sources in storm season because the turbidity concentration showed reasonable significance in a statistical correlation with the UV absorbance at 254 nm and total phosphorus. CE-QUAL-W2 simulation results showed good consistency with the observed data in terms of dissolved organic matter (DOM) including refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) and labile DOC and also well explained the internal movement of constituents and stratification phenomenon in the reservoir. Instead turbidity and NOM were related well in the upper region of the reservoir according to flow distance, gradually as changing to dissolved form of organic matter, RDOM a ected organic matter concentration of reservoir water quality compared to turbidity. To control the increase of soluble organic matters in the dam reservoir, appropriate dam water discharge gate operation provided e ective measurement. Because of the gate operation let avoid the accumulation of organic matter within a dam reservoir by shorten of turbid regime retention time.     

大伙房水库表层沉积物重金属污染分析与评价

辽河流域大伙房水库是抚顺、沈阳两市重要的生活饮用水水源地,因其汇水区内的矿山开采活动而面临严重的重金属污染问题.为了解该区域的重金属污染状况,对大伙房水库表层沉积物中重金属Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量及空间分布进行了研究,并采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法及基于多方的沉积物质量基准法对水库重金属污染程度及潜在...     

Modeling the e ects of constructed wetland on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement

This article describes the integrated modeling approach for planning the size and the operation of constructed wetlands for maximizing retention of nonpoint source pollutant loads and reservoir water-quality improvement at a catchment scale. The experimental field-scale wetland systems (four sets, 0.88 ha each) have been in operation since 2002, where water depth was maintained at 30–50 cm and hydraulic loading rate was at 6.3–18.8 cm/day. The wetland system was found to be adequate for treating polluted stream water with stable removal e ciency even during the winter. The integrated modeling system (modified-BASINS) was applied to the Seokmoon estuarine reservoir watershed and calibrated with monitoring data from constructed wetland, stream, and reservoir. The calibrated integrated modeling system estimated that constructing wetlands on 0.5% (about 114 ha) of the watershed area at the mouth of reservoir could reduce 11.61% and 13.49% of total external nitrogen and phosphorus loads, respectively. It also might improve the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the reservoir by 9.69% and 16.48%, respectively. The study suggested that about 0.1%–1.0% of the watershed area should be allocated for constructed wetland to meet specified water-quality standards for the estuarine reservoir at the polder area where land use planning is relatively less complicated.     

贵州高原红枫湖水库季节性分层的水环境质量响应

为了揭示贵州高原深水水库水体的垂直分层结构及其水环境质量响应特征,于2008年8月~2009年10月对红枫湖水库5个采样点进行了45次采样,对水文、营养盐等湖沼学变量季节动态和分布进行了分析,探讨了季节性水质恶化事件的发生机制.结果表明,红枫湖水库水体呈单循环混合模式,在4~9月形成分层,但没有典型分层湖泊的温跃层变化,这种不显著的分层导致了水化学的分层.叶绿素a、总磷、总氮和氨氮平均值分别为13.6mg/m3,0.063mg/L,1.22mg/L,0.347mg/L;透明度为1.9m.指示该水库处于中-富营养状态.分层期底层溶解氧在0.3~6.9mg/L之间、平均为2.6mg/L,氮磷质量比在8~104之间,表明红枫湖水库是一个底层滞留带季节性缺氧的高氮、磷限制型水库.贵州高原深水水库季节性水质恶化事件与水体分层结构失稳有关,是富营养化水库在气温骤降时发生“翻湖”所导致的结果,也是贵州高原深水水库富营养化的另一种表现形式.