大连旅游美食感知与体验研究

旅游美食作为旅游目的地的旅游资源和旅游吸引物之一,对游客的吸引力在逐渐增强,受到了游客的青睐。"吃"作为旅游六大要素之首,是旅游活动的物质基础,在旅游体验过程中居于特别重要的地位。在综合分析美食旅游本身特征、美食旅游研究成果和大连游客样本特征的基础上提出了五个美食感知维度——文化价值、美食特性、服务质量、餐饮信息化和美食价格;三个美食体验维度——感官体验、情感体验和精神体验。通过实证研究得出,美食感知影响美食体验的质量。其中,饮食文化因素对美食体验的影响最大,但却是游客感知最弱的因素。游客获得的体验主要是情感体验,其次是感官体验。如何增强赴大连游客对美食的文化感知对提高美食体验质量尤为重要。     

目的地方言感知、品牌个性对游客忠诚的影响——游客满意的中介作用

选取西安为案例地,根据自我调节态度理论构建研究框架,探究游客对旅游目的地的方言感知与品牌个性的结构维度,进而揭示旅游目的地方言感知与品牌个性对旅游者满意度、忠诚度的内在影响机制。结果发现:(1)西安的目的地个性由历史文化、现代气息、闲适、活力和高雅5个维度构成。(2)游客对目的地方言的感知能够对目的地个性认知产生显著积极影响。(3)目的地品牌个性对游客满意有直接影响,并通过游客满意的中介作用间接影响游客忠诚。(4)目的地方言感知直接影响游客满意,同样通过游客满意的中介效应对游客忠诚产生间接作用。(5)目的地方言感知可通过目的地品牌个性和游客满意度链式中介作用于游客忠诚。     

北京地区博物馆旅游体验研究——基于大众点评网的网络文本分析

采用北京地区博物馆的网络评论文本,借助文本内容分析法探究游客在博物馆旅游过程中的旅游体验感知特征。结果表明:游客正面感知大于负面感知,满意度较高;游客动机主要为文化学习、专业研究、人生感悟、休闲娱乐与从众心理;游客行为主要体现在"参观、拍照、休息、游览"四个环节。故宫是游客提及最多、感知最深的目的地,游客偏好于历史文物、自然科学、文化艺术、民族宗教和军事类博物馆。游客满意度与博物馆的旅游吸引力因素密切相关,主要影响因素包括功能、票价、展馆特色、布展活动、设施环境、管理服务、区位交通等。     

基于扎根理论的网红旅游目的地旅游体验质量评价研究

以旅游体验为核心,以重庆为案例地,以公开网络游记文本为数据来源,运用扎根理论和IPA分析法对网红旅游目的地游客的旅游体验质量进行研究。扎根理论分析得到短视频拍摄地、电影取景地、综艺拍摄地、自然风光、人文环境氛围等27个概念,对应网红标签因素等7个子范畴,游前决策因素、游中体验要素、游后体验质量3个主范畴,构建了网红旅游目的地旅游体验质量评价模型,包含游客期望、感知质量和质量评价3个核心模型要素。采用IPA法对扎根理论分析所得"游中体验要素"对体验质量进行深入研究,发现"餐饮美食"这一要素重要性最高,满意度也最高,而"拥挤感知"这一要素重要性较高,满意度却最低。基于以上分析,提出网红旅游目的地建设、管理与营销建议。     

城市旅游游客管理探讨

作为旅游目的地管理的重要组成部分,游客管理是提高游客旅游体验质量,培养忠诚的旅游者,塑造高质量旅游目的地的重要途径。但目前游客管理多偏向生态旅游与遗产旅游,城市是目前世界上最大的旅游目的地,应该加强对城市旅游游客管理的理论与实践研究,提高城市旅游管理水平。本文对城市旅游游客管理的概念、特点以及内容等理论问题做了探讨,希望起到“抛砖引玉”的作用。     

游客对空气质量感知的情感分析——基于双向LSTM模型

空气质量是影响旅游目的地发展的重要因素,游客目的地选择、旅游体验和重游意愿等与其关系紧密。获取2013年1月至2019年7月游客在携程网发布的259个国内5A级景区空气质量的13,069条评论,通过双向LSTM模型进行情感分析,借助Gephi、Vosviewer分析其共现网络图,并依托扎根理论诊断影响游客对景区空气质量感知的因素。结果发现:①游客对我国旅游目的地空气质量感知情感值正面极性显著,时间上呈稳中有升的趋势,空间上"南高北低"格局明显。②高情感值景区与景区类型相关,低情感值景区则受地理位置影响。③共现网络图谱和扎根理论分析均得出自然环境、身体健康和服务设施是影响情感值的主要因素。     

北疆线路游客安全感知研究——以“天—吐—喀—伊”线为例

安全感影响游客制定出游决策。新疆作为我国重要的旅游目的地之一,其特殊的地缘政治环境、社会与自然环境使游客对旅游安全尤为关注。以北疆旅游线路"天—吐—喀—伊"线为例,以进疆游客为研究对象,通过问卷调查方式获取安全感知相关数据。结果表明:①进疆游客的旅游安全意识较高,极少部分游客不重视旅游安全。②影响游客安全感知的因素主要是治安状况、旅游活动安全管理、旅游服务设施安全、商品与信息情况、目的地基础保障。③游客对新疆旅游安全感知状况为:治安状况安全感知最好,目的地基础保障安全感知最差。④旅游安全感知在游客年龄上无显著差异,但性别、教育程度、职业、薪资、来疆次数在游客旅游安全感知上有显著差异,且薪资与进疆次数对游客的旅游安全感知显著相关。根据研究结果,建议在加强对外宣传和构建和谐安全的旅游环境两方面采取措施,以提高游客旅游安全感知。     

社交媒体对游客旅游意向的影响——基于目的地形象感知的实证研究

社交媒体生成的大量交互内容正影响着游客对目的地形象感知和最终旅游意向的形成。运用结构方程模型,分析了游客对社交媒体内容的接受情况和接受目的地信息后对旅游意向的影响程度。结果表明:(1)游客对社交媒体使用强度越大,越会依赖社交媒体进行目的地相关信息搜集;(2)游客接受社交媒体的程度会显著影响对目的地的认知形象和情感形象形成,其中认知形象的影响程度更深;(3)游客对目的地的形象认知中社交媒体影响游客旅游意向的完全中介变量,其中整体形象感知显著影响游客的旅游意向。基于此,建议旅游目的地管理部门积极参与到社交媒体口碑的经营之中,进一步提高游客在社交媒体中对目的地的形象感知。     

旅游照片的符号属性对旅游意向的影响研究——以微信朋友圈旅游照片为例

旅游照片是旅游的重要组成部分,是传达旅游体验和目的地形象的重要方式,但目前国内外学术界较少研究游客在社交媒体上发布的旅游照片对潜在游客旅游意向的影响。以微信朋友圈旅游照片为例,建构并验证以旅游照片为前因变量、符号属性感知为中介变量、旅游意向为结果变量、关系强度为调节变量的概念模型,研究结果为目的地营销组织了解游客行为和偏好,制定更有效的营销推广策略提供了理论参考。     

基于网络游记的城市旅游目的地形象探究——以西安市为例

随着网络信息技术的发展,现代游客和旅游活动与网络的关系越来越密切,网络游记已成为旅游者表达和反映对目的地形象感知的重要平台.在回顾前人对旅游目的地形象相关研究的基础上,运用内容分析法对旅游者发表在携程旅行网上的西安游记进行相关质性分析,探讨了国内旅游者对西安的城市旅游形象感知,以期有针对性地打造旅游产品,精准游客认知.     

Conversion of temperate forests into heaths: Role of ecosystem disturbance and ericaceous plants

Fire and logging in nutrient-poor temperate forests with certain ericaceous understory plants may convert the forests into heaths. The process of disturbance-induced heath formation is documented by using examples ofCalluna in western Europe,Kalmia in Newfoundland, andGaultheria (salal) in coastal British Columbia. In a cool, temperate climate, rapid vegetative growth ofCalluna, Kalmia, and salal following disturbance results in increasing organic accumulation (paludification), nutrient sequestration, soil acidification, and allelochemicals. These are thought to be the main reasons to conifer regeneration failure in disturbed habitats. If continuation in forest is a land-use objective, then temperate forests with an ericaceous understory should not be logged unless effective silvicultural methods are devised to control the ericaceous plants and restore forest regeneration. Preharvest vegetation control may be considered as an option. Failure to control the understory plants may lead to a long-term vegetation shift, from forest to heathland, particularly in nutrient-poor sites. Successful methods of controllingKalmia andGaultheria, however, have yet to be developed. While theKalmia- andGaultheria- dominated heathlands are undesirable in Canada and the Pacific Northwest, a wide range ofCalluna heathlands of western Europe are being conserved as natural and seminatural vegetation.     

Urban ecological systems: scientific foundations and a decade of progress

Urban ecological studies, including focus on cities, suburbs, and exurbs, while having deep roots in the early to mid 20th century, have burgeoned in the last several decades. We use the state factor approach to highlight the role of important aspects of climate, substrate, organisms, relief, and time in differentiating urban from non-urban areas, and for determining heterogeneity within spatially extensive metropolitan areas. In addition to reviewing key findings relevant to each state factor, we note the emergence of tentative "urban syndromes" concerning soils, streams, wildlife and plants, and homogenization of certain ecosystem functions, such as soil organic carbon dynamics. We note the utility of the ecosystem approach, the human ecosystem framework, and watersheds as integrative tools to tie information about multiple state factors together. The organismal component of urban complexes includes the social organization of the human population, and we review key modes by which human populations within urban areas are differentiated, and how such differentiation affects environmentally relevant actions. Emerging syntheses in land change science and ecological urban design are also summarized. The multifaceted frameworks and the growing urban knowledge base do however identify some pressing research needs.     

Neighbourhood characteristics and urban gardens in the Toledo metropolitan area: staffing and voluntarism,food production,infrastructure, and sustainability practices

Urban gardens are important sources of sustenance for communities with limited access to food. Hence, this study focuses on food production in gardens in the Toledo metropolitan area in Northwest Ohio. We administered surveys to 150 garden managers from November 2014 to February 2015 in our attempt to better understand how neighbourhood racial composition and poverty levels are related to staffing and voluntarism, food production and distribution, the development of infrastructure, and the adoption of sustainability practices in urban gardens. The results from 30 gardens are presented in this paper. We used Geographic Information Systems to map the gardens and overlay the map with 2010 census data so that we could conduct demographic analyses of the neighbourhoods in which the gardens were located. Though the gardens were small – two acres or less – up to 46 varieties of food were grown in a single garden. Gardens also operated on small budgets. Food from the gardens was gifted or shared with friends, family, and neighbourhood residents. Gardens in predominantly minority neighbourhoods tended to have fewer institutional partners, less garden infrastructure, and had adopted fewer sustainable practices than gardens in predominantly White neighbourhoods. Nonetheless, residents of predominantly minority and high-poverty neighbourhoods participated in garden activities and influenced garden operations. Volunteering and staffing were racialised and gendered.     

Predicting deer-vehicle collisions in an urban area

Collisions with deer and other large animals are increasing, and the resulting economic costs and risks to public safety have made mitigation measures a priority for both city and wildlife managers. We created landscape models to describe and predict deer-vehicle collision (DVCs) within the City of Edmonton, Alberta. Models based on roadside characteristics revealed that DVCs occurred frequently where roadside vegetation was both denser and more diverse, and that DVCs were more likely to occur when the groomed width of roadside right-of-ways was smaller. No DVCs occurred where the width of the vegetation-free or manicured roadside buffer was greater than 40 m. Landscape-based models showed that DVCs were more likely in more heterogeneous landscapes where road densities were lower and speed limits were higher, and where non-forested vegetation such as farmland was in closer proximity to larger tracts of forest. These models can help wildlife and transportation managers to identify locations of high collision frequency for mitigation. Modifying certain landscape and roadside habitats can be an effective way to reduce deer-vehicle collisions.     

Surface applied water treatment residuals affect bioavailable phosphorus losses in Florida sands

Water treatment residuals (WTR) can reduce runoff P loss and surface co-application of P-sources and WTR is a practical way of land applying the residuals. In a rainfall simulation study, we evaluated the effects of surface co-applied P-sources and an Al-WTR on runoff and leacheate bioavailable P (BAP) losses from a Florida sand. Four P-sources, namely poultry manure, Boca Raton biosolids (high water-soluble P), Pompano biosolids (moderate water-soluble P), and triple super phosphate (TSP) were surface applied at 56 and 224kgPha(-1) (by weight) to represent low and high soil P loads typical of P- and N-based amendments rates. The treatments further received surface applied WTR at 0 or 10gWTRkg(-1) soil. BAP loss masses were greater in leachate (16.4-536mg) than in runoff (0.91-46mg), but were reduced in runoff and leachate by surface applied WTR. Masses of total BAP lost in the presence of surface applied WTR were less than approximately 75% of BAP losses in the absence of WTR. Total BAP losses from each of the organic sources applied at N-based rates were not greater than P loss from TSP applied at a P-based rate. The BAP loss at the N-based rate of moderate water-soluble P-source (Pompano biosolids) was not greater than BAP losses at the P-based rates of other organic sources tested. The hazards of excess P from applying organic P-sources at N-based rates are not greater than observed at P-based rates of mineral fertilizer. Results suggest that management of the environmental P hazards associated with N-based rates of organic materials in Florida sands is possible by either applying P-sources with WTR or using a moderate water-soluble P-source.     

Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific

The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Rehabilitation and Flood Management Planning in a Steep,Boulder-Bedded Stream

This study demonstrates the integration of rehabilitation and flood management planning in a steep, boulder-bedded stream in a coastal urban catchment on the South Island of New Zealand. The Water of Leith, the primary stream flowing through the city of Dunedin, is used as a case study. The catchment is steep, with a short time of concentration and rapid hydrologic response, and the lower stream reaches are highly channelized with floodplain encroachment, a high potential for debris flows, significant flood risks, and severely degraded aquatic habitat. Because the objectives for rehabilitation and flood management in urban catchments are often conflicting, a number of types of analyses at both the catchment and the reach scales and careful planning with stakeholder consultation were needed for successful rehabilitation efforts. This included modeling and analysis of catchment hydrology, fluvial geomorphologic assessment, analysis of water quality and aquatic ecology, hydraulic modeling and flood risk evaluation, detailed feasibility studies, and preliminary design to optimize multiple rehabilitation and flood management objectives. The study showed that all of these analyses were needed for integrated rehabilitation and flood management and that some incremental improvements in stream ecological health, aesthetics, and public recreational opportunities could be achieved in this challenging environment. These methods should be considered in a range of types of stream rehabilitation projects.     

AN INDEX FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE OF IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS WITH AN APPLICATION1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a statistically valid index for measuring the performance of irrigation systems. The index is applied to a sample of 39 farms on a watercourse under the warabandi system of irrigation management in India. It is found that while the farmers in fact irrigated almost exactly the total amount of irrigated area as designed, inter-farm variations were considerable. The index shows that the degree of error of managerial effectiveness of irrigation on this watercourse is 20 percent. Therefore it is concluded that the system is performing at 80 percent effectiveness.     

WATER LOSS EQUATIONS AND COEFFICIENTS TO ESTIMATE RUNOFF FROM RAINFALL1

Infiltration models are based on physical characteristics of the soil and initial soil moisture. For a given soil it is based on the initial soil moisture distribution. A computer simulation model for flood runoff systems (FH-Model) was used to analyze 39 sets of rainfall-runoff data on four small watersheds ranging in size from 17 to 342 square kilometers located in the Yamaska River basin in Quebec. From these analyses, parameters and coefficients have been determined for a water loss (infiltration) equation. A method for determining the loss parameters, using a nonlinear least square curve fitting technique, is presented. Expressions were made to relate the loss parameters to antecedent precipitation. The equations were tested on 11 storm rainfall and runoff events on a watershed located in the same region and close agreements were found.     

Vegetation dynamics in impounded marshes along the Indian River Lagoon,Florida, USA

Data are presented on the vegetation dynamics of two impounded marshes along the Indian River Lagoon, in east-central Florida, USA. Vegetation in one of the marshes (IRC 12) was totally eliminated by overflooding and by hypersaline conditions (salinities over 100 ppt) that developed there in 1979 after the culvert connecting the marsh with the lagoon was closed. Over 20% recovery of the herbaceous halophytesSalicornia virginica, S. bigelovii, andBatis maritima was observed at that site after the culvert was reopened in 1982, but total cover in the marsh remains well below the original 75%. No recovery of mangroves was observed at this site. The second site (SLC 24), while remaining isolated from the lagoon during much of the study, did not suffer the complete elimination of vegetation experienced at the first site. At this location, mangroves increased in cover and frequency with a concomitant decrease in herbaceous halophytes. Considerable damage to the vegetation was evident at IRC 12 when the impoundment was closed and flooded for mosquito control in 1986. Although the damage was temporary, its occurrence emphasizes the need of planning and constant monitoring and adjustment of management details as conditions within particular marshes change. Storms and hurricanes may be important in promoting a replacement of black mangroves by red mangroves in closed impoundments because the former cannot tolerate pneumatophore submergence for long periods of time. University of Florida-IFAS Journal Series R-00521.