关于循环经济法草案的起草、审议及主要制度措施——访全国人大环资委法案室主任

能源问题、生态破坏和环境污染问题，以及国家竞争力和国家安全问题，已经对我国经济社会的可持续发展构成了严重制约，而大力发展循环经济，为解决这些问题提供了一条重要途径。循环经济涉及经济领域的各个行业及社会生活的方方面面，只有在统一的社会规范和协调的法律体系下，才能促进循环经济的大力发展，才能把资源节约、经济质量、环境建设同经济发展和社会进步有机地结合起来，     

循环经济是发展低碳经济的基本路径

低碳经济是一种新的经济发展模式，是我国建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，实现可持续发展的重要途径。论述了“低碳经济”提出的大背景，以及我国发展低碳经济所面临的严峻挑战。指出循环经济是发展低碳经济的基本路径。     

流程制造业与循环经济

阐述了发展循环经济的意义与循环经济的内涵,提出技术-经济及时空因素的集成与协调是推进循环经济的有效手段。在我国实现新型工业化的过程中,流程制造业既是支柱产业、基础产业,也是推进循环经济的重要切入点。     

“十二五”期间发展循环经济要注意解决的问题

论述了我国“十二五”期间发展循环经济、绿色经济应重视解决的5个问题。指出要优化利用能源．从源头治理污染，节能减排，保护生态环境。     

循环农业是发展循环经济的基础

论述了发展循环农业是发展循环经济的基础,以及发展循环农业应采取的方针政策及具体措施。指出发展农业循环经济是我国实现农业经济可持续发展的必然选择。     

发展工农业复合循环经济 抢占经济和社会制高点

将农业和工业复合起来,是我国当前发展循环经济的一大特色。通过介绍工农业复合循环经济的典型案例,指出发展工农业复合循环经济,可有效缓解我国经济高速持续增长与资源供给和环境保护之间的矛盾,并且工农业复合循环经济模式特别适合在大城市郊区和县级城市集中发展。     

开发区循环经济保障体系探讨

在分析我国目前实施循环经济所存在问题的基础上，以开发区为例提出了构建发展循环经济的保障体系，着重从组织、政策、技术、资金等方面进行了论证，为开发区按循环经济要求运行进行了探索，也为循环经济的顺利开展提供了科学依据。     

深化认识 加快发展区域循环经济

论述了循环经济在我国经济社会发展中的战略地位,指出加快发展区域循环经济是调整经济结构、转变发展方式的战略性举措,提出加快区域循环经济发展的3大举措。     

走中国特色的低碳绿色发展之路

论述了低碳经济的内涵及其与我国循环经济、绿色经济和生态经济的关系;指出发展低碳经济是我国调整产业结构、转变经济增长方式的重要抓手;提出我国发展低碳经济的工作重点及对策建议。     

积极推进低碳经济与大力发展循环经济——访北京现代循环经济研究院院长刘兴利

2009年12月7—18日,联合国气候变化大会在丹麦首都哥本哈根举行。此前,舆论将这次大会称为"改变地球命运"的大会。来自全球192个国家的代表以及110名国家元首出席会议。尽管这次会议未能达成有法律约束力的协议,但是在今后相当长的一段时间内,气候变化问题都将成为国际舆论关注的焦点。21世纪初,我国制定了发展循环经济的战略决策。此后,我国领导人又多次强调积极发展循环经济和低碳经济。那么,循环经济与低碳经济是什么关系?本刊就此问题对北京现代循环经济研究院院长刘兴利进行了专访。     

Note From the Publisher and the Editor-in-Chief

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution: Focus -     

Adapting the Speciation of the VOCs Emission Inventory in the Greater Athens Area

An adaptation procedure of a new emission inventory of theGreater Athens Area is attempted, based on a sensitivityanalysis on the treatment of the VOC emissions. Throughthis procedure the impact that a more detailed treatment ofthe VOCs emissions might have on the atmospheric chemistrysimulations, is examined. For this analysis three differentchemical mechanisms were applied for two differentlocations (urban and city plume) with different VOC andNO_x mixture characteristics. Finally, this studyrecommends new carbon fractions, reflecting the localconditions in Athens basin.     

落实工作任务 推进农业再生资源利用工作

农业再生资源是再生资源的一个特殊而重要的组成部分,开展农业再生资源回收利用是再生资源产业向新领域的拓展,是助农增收、为"三农"服务的有效途径,是事关新农村建设的重要课题。本刊根据2009年12月18日中再生协会农业再生资源利用专业委员会成立大会暨2009年海峡两岸农业再生资源综合利用研讨会上的相关资料,刊发一组领导讲话,以使读者了解和认识实施农业再生资源回收利用的现实背景和重大意义。     

Oil Spill Modeling towards the Close of the 20th Century: Overview of the State of the Art

The state-of-the-art in oil spill modeling is summarized, focusing primarily on the years from 1990 to the present. All models seek to describe the key physical and chemical processes that transport and weather the oil on and in the sea. Current insights into the mechanisms of these processes and the availability of algorithms for describing and predicting process rates are discussed. Advances are noted in the areas of advection, spreading, evaporation, dispersion, emulsification, and interactions with ice and shorelines. Knowledge of the relationship between oil properties, and oil weathering and fate, and the development of models for the evaluation of oil spill response strategies are summarized. Specific models are used as examples where appropriate. Future directions in these and other areas are indicated     

欧盟包装废物管理和总体产生特性分析

欧盟旱在1994年就颁布了包装和包装废物的指令,提出了包装废物管理的目标和管理内容,要求各成员国采取积极的经济和法律措施,建立自由流通的公平市场秩序。通过研究评估表明,包装和包装废物指令的实施产生了多方面的积极影响。统计数据表明,历年包装废物回收总量平稳增加,处置量平稳下降,单位GDP产值产生包装废物的系数基本保持稳定,但各国包装废物人均产生量存在较大差异。     

On the Methods for the Delimitation of Seasons

It is well known that air pollution is one of the major factors affecting human health and the activities in a town. Among the various air pollutants an interesting one, especially for sunny climates, is the reactive O₃. O₃ varies significantly through the year; it is therefore very important to know the onset and the duration of the warm period of the year since at that time O₃ concentrations increase significantly. In this work, an attempt was made to determine the onset of warm season of the year as well as its duration in various sites located in Northeastern Mediterranean. For this purpose, a fuzzy clustering method is used. The method was applied on the isobaric thickness between 1000 and 500 hPa for the period from 1974 to 1997. The results were compared to conventional methods based on synoptic classification and were found to be in good agreement.     

Comparative Thermodynamic Study on the Contribution of the Autocondensation and Copolymerization Reactions for the Tannins of the Subspecies of Acacia nilotica

Autocondensation and copolymerization reactions of the Acacia nilotica subspecies tomentosa (Ant) and the subspecies adansonii (Ana) tannins extracts solutions have been studied at several pH values by thermomechanical analyzer. Results of chemical analysis of these tannins revealed that the studied tannins, Ant and Ana contained high percentages of extractable tannins (54 and 57 %) for and polyphenolic materials (78 and 80 %) respectively. Different hardeners such as paraformaldehyde, Urea and pMDI were added at different ratios and their polycondensation reactions was studied and compared with their autocondensation ones. The aim was to evaluate the tannins suitability for the production of commercially and technically viable tannin adhesives with reduced Formaldehyde emission for wood products and to study the interference between the autocondensation and the copolymerization reaction. The obtained results of autocondensation reaction for both of the tannins studied showed that the best Young’s modulus values for Ant (3,500 and 2,750 MPa) and Ana (2,650 and 2,620 MPa) were obtained at pH 5 and 7. The Young’s modulus values obtained by the tannins Ant were higher than those achieved by Ana. This indicates that the Ant is more reactive than Ana. These results were also in line with results achieved by the gel time for both of the tannins. Gel time results indicate that the reactivity of both tannins increased towards alkalinity with Ana being more reactive at alkaline pH. Addition of 8 % of paraformaldehyde was adversely affecting the autocondensation reactions, as the best Young’s modulus values were achieved at pH 4 for Ant tannins. As for Ana the higher Young’s modulus values (2,000 and 2,310 MPa) were achieved at pH 5 and 7. This indicates that autocondensation reaction was contributed to the final network of the copolymerization reaction. When smaller ratio of paraformaldehyde and Urea (5 %) was added to Ant tannins it favors the autocondensation reaction and the best Young’s modulus values were obtained at pH 5 and 7. Addition of pMDI (10–30 %) was found to decrease the temperature of copolymerization and the obtained Young’s modulus values by Ant were lower than those obtained by autocodensation reaction. Best Young’ modulus values were obtained by Ant at pH 5 and 7. Ana gave the best Young’s modulus values at pH 4 and 5 indicating that the autocondensation appears to depress the copolymerization reactions. The obtained results by both reactions were very important from technical and economical point of view as they concluded that it is very possible to produce adhesives system with zero emission depending on the tannins autocondensation reaction and pH values. Reduction of formaldehyde emission was also possible upon addition of smaller amount of paraformaldehyde and Urea.     

日本包装废物管理体系和产生特性分析

介绍了日本的资源循环法律体系和促进容器包装分类回收和再商品化的法律和有关方针,介绍了日本容器和包装的管理体制和主要措施,以及各类包装废物回收利用状况和特点。