江苏省太湖流域农村面源污染控制对策

太湖流域农村面源污染已成为影响太湖水环境的重要因素之一,为使太湖重现碧波美景,加强农村面源污染的控制势在必行。而目前在经济较为发达的江苏省太湖流域,农村的环境保护还面临着政策法规和环境管理机制不完善、缺乏稳定的长效投入、农民的环保意识淡薄、技术研究和推广的力度不够等问题。针对这些问题,必须从法律法规、管理机制、投入机制、技术创新、公众参与等方面入手,加强监督管理,切实建立农村环境保护的长效机制。     

新疆伴生放射性煤矿监管体系初探

新疆是中国富煤省(区)之一,约占全国煤炭储量的40%。在长期的放射性科研、监测和环境影响评价工作中,发现部分地区的部分煤炭中伴生有较高的放射性核素,部分煤层甚至达到了核工业开采水平。然而关于伴生放射性煤矿监管方面的法律、法规尚未健全,监管体系尚处于探索之中。本文尝试从煤矿企业的地质勘探报告、辐射环境影响评价、项目竣工环境保护验收监测及监督性监测等环节入手,从源头上控制煤炭的放射性污染,初步探讨新疆伴生放射性煤矿监管体系。一方面将为企业的煤炭开发、煤渣利用提供技术指导,另一方面为新疆环境监管部门加强伴生放射性煤矿监管提供决策依据。     

The environmental and socio-economic impacts of mining on local livelihoods in Tanzania: A case study of Geita District

This paper reports the findings of a study undertaken to assess the socio-economic and environmental impacts of mining in Geita District, Tanzania. In addition to sampling community perceptions of mining activities, the study prescribes interventions that can assist in mitigating the negative impacts of mining. Marked environmental and interrelated socio-economic improvements can be achieved within regional artisanal gold mines if the government provides technical support to local operators, regulations are improved, and illegal mining activity is reduced.     

我国矿山地质环境问题

介绍了我国矿山环境现状和矿山地质环境的主要问题。例如相关法律法规不完善、开采方式等技术落后,多头管理。治理手段单一等。分析产生这些问题的原因,针对这些的问题提出了相应的建议和对策。     

金属硫化物矿山环境地球化学研究述评

矿业活动对矿山地球化学环境及周围的生态系统带来了巨大的环境影响。金属硫化物矿山开采过程中释放出大量的酸性废水,浸滤出大量的重金属离子,它们和固体废弃物已成为金属矿山采选业的三大环境公害和重要的环境污染源。文章述评了这三种污染源的环境地球化学效应,提出需要进一步加强矿山环境的矿物转化过程中环境地球化学信息的提取和识别,揭示复杂条件下酸性矿山废水中金属的形态、转化过程及其生态效应,建立相应地球化学演化模型,为矿山环境治理提供理论依据。     

浅议水雷寿命期内环境条件和边界参数

针对水雷全寿命剖面中环境变量的边界参数进行了深入探讨,为确定水雷全寿命剖面的环境条件边界参数提供了新的研究方向。以确定舰船部署水雷的环境边界参数为案例进行了深入探讨,特别关注了这类水雷在其整个生命周期中的环境条件边界参数,并据此构建了一套用于确定其环境条件边界参数的策略,为水雷产品在其生命周期中环境条件边界参数的确定提供了新的研究方向,这将有助于推动水雷环境工程分析技术的进步,能够更准确地评估水雷的性能和可靠性,从而为水雷的设计和应用提供科学依据。为了进一步提高水雷装备的可靠性和水雷环境工程分析技术,需要对现有的研究思路进行深化和完善,并将其应用于水雷环境条件边界参数的确定过程中,从而为装备建设提供更为坚实的技术支持和依据。     

小型矿山地质灾害危险性评估技术探讨

矿山的开采为国家带来了很多资源和经济效益,但同时也引发了很多地质灾害,如何减少和避免灾害的发生是一件至关重要的事.本文以云南省龙井沟铜矿矿山地质灾害危险性评估为例,对类似小型矿山地质灾害危险性评估的方法和主要技术问题进行探讨,力求为类似小型矿山的地质灾害评估提供一点借鉴之处.     

采矿中的环境地质问题及对策

通过对华东地区苏皖浙闽赣五省不同类型矿产开发导致的环境地质问题调查并对其成因进行了分析研究,从技术、经济、政策几个方面探讨了解决矿山环境问题的对策。     

The potential of environmental regulation to change managerial perception,environmental management,competitiveness and financial performance

This research presents an overview of where the gaps in the literature exist in relation to the link between environmental regulation and proactive environmental management and competitiveness, and incorporates them in a whole model. Different papers have highlighted only partial aspects of these relationships. Specifically, this research evaluates the relationship between managerial perception and the different styles of environmental regulations – command-and-control versus voluntary norms – the mediator role of environmental management in the link between environmental regulations and competitiveness, the effect of competitiveness on financial performance, and the two-way relationship between proactive environmental management and financial performance. Finally, this paper uses statistical evidence to test and estimate causal relationships through a structural equation modelling of 208 firms affected by IPPC law in Spain. There is a lack of systematic statistical evidence on this topic in the literature, which mainly focuses on case studies. The results show that when environmental regulation stems from command-and-control legislation its influence on managerial perception and proactive environmental management is not significant. However, when environmental regulation stems from voluntary norms, its effects are positive. Moreover, investment in proactive environmental management contributes to increasing the competitiveness of the firm. Cost and differentiation competitive advantage have a positive impact on financial performance. Finally, the link between proactive environmental management and financial performance may follow different paths: (1) neither direct nor single, because it can depend on competitive advantage, and (2) direct, because there is a significant two-way relationship between these variables (proactive environmental management influences financial performance and financial performance influences proactive environmental management).     

对云南铁矿土地复垦的探讨

铁矿是一种重要的矿产资源,但铁矿的开采也带来了很多环境问题．其中对土地的破坏最为严重。矿区土地破坏主要包括挖损、塌陷、压占等,矿山的土地复垦可以节约大量的土地资源,对国民经济的发展有着重要的意义。本文对云南铁矿的土地复垦进行初步探讨．对矿山复垦提出一些建议。     

长江经济带涉矿生态环境协同治理对策

矿产资源开发生态环境保护与恢复治理是山水林田湖草生态保护修复的重要组成部分,也是区域/流域生态安全屏障建设的重要内容。本文面向长江保护修复的环境管理需求,梳理了第一批中央生态环境保护督察的长江经济带涉矿问题,探讨了矿产资源开发生态环境问题,提出了协同治理对策。结果表明:(1)长江经济带有8个省份发现涉矿生态环境问题,涉及石英砂矿、稀土矿、磷矿、锡矿、石灰石矿和石煤矿;有3个省份出现保护地采矿生态破坏严重问题,涉及自然保护区内违规设置的采矿权、探矿权和违法生产,以及国家级风景名胜区内以治理地质灾害之名开采磷矿。(2)11个省市中均发现了涉保护地违规管理问题,包括饮用水水源保护区、湖滨湿地、长江岸线和重要湿地、海洋保护区、风景名胜区。矿山生态环境协同治理对策包括:(1)科学制定矿山生态修复目标;(2)定期开展矿山生态保护修复成效评估;(3)提高矿山生态环境监管执行力。     

Small-scale mining and cleaner production issues in Zambia

Small-scale mining (SSM) has had unprecedented growth in Zambia during the past decade. The sector now produces a variety of commodities, especially gemstones, building and industrial minerals. From a structural and technical perspective, SSM is conducted on a very rudimentary level using basic tools such as picks and shovel, and occasionally, mechanized equipment. The environmental degradation caused by SSM is also growing with the intensification of activities in the country. Meanwhile, institutions responsible for managing the environment are unable to effectively carry out regulatory and monitoring mandates due to inadequate resources. Although current legislation appears to be adequate in many respects, time has now come to amend the Mines and Minerals Act (1995) so that it becomes mandatory for all mining activities, including small-scale mines, to submit environmental impact assessment reports before a license to mine or explore can be granted. Strategies to eliminate illegal mining, enhancement of miners’ technical skills, and mine responsibly must also be placed high on the agenda. This paper focuses on the major issues affecting cleaner production in the Zambian SSM sector including, environmental complications, pertinent mining environmental legislation, and the institutions involved. It concludes by suggesting possible interventions to minimize environmental impacts in the sector.     

煤企资源与环境保护管理探讨

煤炭资源开发利用过程中引发的岩、水、土、气等地质和生态环境问题会产生地质和生态环境负效应,严重影响经济社会可持续发展。科学的环境保护管理要有健全的环境保护法律法规作支撑,有法可依,同时发挥煤企资源与环境保护管理的能动性．力求最大程度降低煤炭开采给地区生态环境造成的污染和破坏影响．合理开发利用煤炭资源,促进社会经济与环境协调可持续发展。重点结合我国环境保护方面的法律法规和煤企如何科学强化资源与环境保护管理工作展开探讨。     

Climate change and mining in Canada

Climate is an important component of the operating environment for the Canadian mining sector. However, in recent years mines across Canada have been affected by significant climatic hazards, several which are regarded to be symptomatic of climate change. For the mining sector, climate change is a pressing environmental threat and a significant business risk. The extent to which the mining sector is able to mitigate its own impact and adapt to climate change will affect its long-term success and prosperity, and have profound economic consequences for host communities. This paper draws upon case studies conducted with mining operations in Canada involving in-depth interviews with mining professionals and analysis of secondary sources to characterize the vulnerability of the Canadian mining industry to climate change. Five key findings are discussed: i) mines in the case studies are affected by climate events that are indicative of climate change, with examples of negative impacts over the past decade; ii) most mine infrastructure has been designed assuming that the climate is not changing; iii) most industry stakeholders interviewed view climate change as a minor concern; iv) limited adaption planning for future climate change is underway; v) significant vulnerabilities exist in the post-operational phase of mines. This paper argues for greater collaboration among mining companies, regulators, scientists and other industry stakeholders to develop practical adaptation strategies that can be integrated into existing and new mine operations, including in the post-operational phase.     

美国矿床(山)环境地球化学研究动态及我国对策

矿床的开采所引发的环境问题越来越引起人们的重视,矿床环境地球化学研究成为一个重要研究领域。自20世纪90年代以来,美国在此领域取得了一些重要研究成果,文章对美国在矿床环境地球化学作用、矿床的地球化学背景和基准值、矿山(床)酸性排水和特殊矿床的环境效应等方面的最新研究成果进行总结,旨在为我国开展这方面的工作提供参考资料。作者建议我国应适时启动矿床(山)环境地球化学研究,特别是研究全国地球化学扫面资料在矿床环境方面的应用、流域性矿集区环境地球化学作用及其与生态关系、矿山环境治理(矿山复垦或矿山酸性排水降解)中地球化学作用机理等。     

The regulation of China’s township and village coal mines: a study of complexity and ineffectiveness

An appropriate system of laws and regulations and a suitable institutional structure for administration are important requirements for the effective management of small-scale mines. Over the last twenty years, township and village coal mines in China have made a large contribution to the country’s supply of energy. Yet at the same time they have had substantial negative impacts, such as wastage of coal resources, a high casualty rate amongst miners, and a wide range of environmental damage. Two reasons for the magnitude of these externalities are the highly complex nature of the institutional structure for regulating small-scale coal mines, and the excessive and incoherent burden of applicable laws and regulations.     

复杂污染场地的风险管理挑战及应对

复杂污染场地中土壤和地下水介质的非均质性、污染物形态归趋变化的复杂性是导致复杂污染场地调查、风险评估与修复过程存在较大不确定性的主要原因.基于侵入式采样和实验室样品分析等高成本调查技术无法理想反映复杂场地的真实污染分布,简单的定值风险评估结果则具有较大的不确定性,线性化场地管理技术体系不能适应复杂污染场地风险管理面临的不确定性挑战.结合国内外实践经验,本文提出"二精一优"的场地风险管理技术方法体系,即:①基于"有效数据理论"的定量测试与半定量实时监测技术相结合的精准调查技术;②基于污染物形态归趋规律,综合采用基于生物有效性、多证据和概率分析等多种手段的精细化风险评估技术;③动态调整优化的非线性场地风险管理技术框架.      

环境管理手段体系研究

社会经济的快速发展和环境保护的日趋重要,要求环境保护与社会经济协调发展。科学有效地应用环境管理手段,是促进协调发展的有效途径之一。为了促进环境管理手段作用的有效发挥,完善环境管理,在分析现有的5种环境管理手段的基础上,提出了环境管理参与手段和环境管理投资手段,并对这两个新的手段的必要性和内容做了分析。通过对环境管理手段关系的论述,构建了环境管理手段体系,对环境管理手段体系的目标、架构、作用和内容进行了分析论述,并研究了环境管理手段的选择与实施方法。     

The wind rises abruptly,disturbing a pond of ‘Clear Water’: reflections on the pollution blacklisting of 33 Chinese multinationals

With the deepening globalization many multinationals have become a universal concern in developing countries not only because of their importance in foreign direct investment (FDI) activities, but also because of their critical role in environmental protection. In the wake of sporadic exposures of multinational environmental disturbances in the past months, just recently another 33 multinationals have been disclosed blacklisted on the internet for their failure to observe the Chinese environmental standards. All these have cast a shadow over their traditional responsible image. The paper tries to explore possible underlying causes behind this discredit through an analysis of multinational compliance, governmental management as well as public participation. Based on this, the paper also raises some key concerns that must be addressed and further studied to understand the environmental disturbances of the multinationals as a whole, and identifies solutions for these issues with an attempt to make recommendations for the improvement of the effectiveness of the Chinese environmental policies and regulations within the arena of foreign-funded industries.     

建设项目竣工环保验收监测几个问题的探讨

本文就建设项目竣工验收监测中的几个问题进行探讨,并结合国家有关法律法规、监测技术规范和标准,提出解决问题的方法,这有助于提高环保验收监测技术水平,更好地为环境管理服务。