遥感技术在小城镇发展规划中的应用

对卫星遥感技术在小城镇发展规划中的应用进行了分析，包括小城镇空间布局信息分析、小城镇区位分析和小城镇环境污染分析，介绍了遥感技术在小城镇变化监测中的应用。分析表明，遥感技术能为小城镇发展规划提供众多基础数据，具有广阔的应用前景，但不能完全取代地面调查。     

遥感技术在青海省生态环境建设中的应用

生态环境和可持续发展是西部大开发的两大关键问题。青海省幅员辽阔 ,环境条件恶劣 ,交通不便 ,传统方法无法解决生态环境快速调查和监测问题。在近 10年得到高速发展的遥感技术 ,具有常规手段难以替代的作用 ,能够在大范围内开展生态环境调查和监测。文章就此较为详细地阐述了利用遥感技术进行青海省生态环境调查和监测的技术方法、技术路线及应用前景。     

地表水质的遥感定量监测分析

通过水质监测数据与遥感卫星影像中各波段间的相关性分析,建立多元回归方程,对地表水质监测进行反演和验证,结果体现了遥感技术在水质监测方面的实用性。     

浅谈遥感技术在大气监测中的应用

碳的氧化物、硫的氧化物、氮的氧化物和臭氧等是人类在生产活动和社会活动产生中的主要的环境污染物,它们威胁着人类的生存环境和地球上的生态平衡。因此,对它们进行实时监测和综合治理显得非常重要。文章介绍了遥感(RS)技术,重点介绍遥感技术在大气环境监测中的应用。     

洪水灾害遥感监测研究综述

洪水灾害是最严重的自然灾害之一,洪灾造成的损失十分严重,对其进行科学的监测是防灾减灾的基础。在洪水灾害遥感监测研究进展的介绍基础上,着重对中分辨率、高时相、微波、高精度DEM、多源数据遥感洪水监测原理及方法的研究进展进行比较和总结,分析各种数据特点。在此基础上提出了洪水遥感监测向高分辨率、高时相性方向,遥感影像相互订正和利用3S技术是洪涝灾害动态监测发展的方向,为洪水灾害的快速反应和防洪辅助决策提供依据。     

浅谈大气监测自动化计算机管理软件的编写

随着计算机技术在环境保护工作中应用不断深入，作为环境保护工作中一项基础性工作的监测来说，如何运用计算机技术和科学的管理方式对大气进行有效监测是时代发展的需要。大气监测自动化的实现是以传感器等硬件为依托，以大气中的各种参数所创建的系统数据库为基础，以计算机的数据采集、分析、查询、打印以及维护系统为手段，走采样、分析、上报一体化管理的新路子。着重阐述从大气监测自动化计算机管理的硬件要求到系统数据库的创建以及在编写计算机管理软件过程中所要解决的实际问题，重点加强对计算机管理软件的编写，着力提高大气监测自动化程度，使各级环保部门在自动化管理下少走弯路，切实提高环境保护工作中的科技“含金量”，这对改善环境监测条件将起到积极的推动作用。     

浅谈如何加强二级环境监测站的建设和发展

二级环境监测站的建设在我国环境保护工作中占有特殊地位和作用，我们必须认识到当前加强二级环境监测建设的迫切性、必要性和重要性。加强二级环境监测站建设的措施和建议有：提高二级监测站地位，加大对其经济投入；加强环境监测队伍的建设；加强专业技术水平、监测业务能力的提升；加强二级环境监测站的管理，积极开展国家实验室认可工作，不断优化环境监测工作。     

无人机遥感在水环境管理中的应用

详细介绍了利用无人机及传感器技术构建的多种遥感平台,并分析了其在水环境管理中的应用优势。针对目前水环境问题及传统监测手段的不足,提出采用无人机遥感技术替代原有的数据获取方式,及时掌握全面真实的水环境信息,为水环境保护和管理做好前期监测工作,从而更好地为水环境管理服务。     

遥感技术在油田开发建设项目景观生态评价中的应用

在油田开发建设项目的环境影响评价中,使用遥感技术,将卫星遥感影像数据进行分类处理,结合传统生态学中计算植被优势度值的方法,对油田开发过程中的景观生态进行了评价,取得了较好的效果。简要介绍了该技术的功能特点及应用实例。应用结果表明:遥感技术是对油田开发建设项目景观进行生态评价的重要手段,可以取得真实、可信的评价结果。     

中国石油污染源在线监测工作存在问题与建议

介绍了污染源在线监测系统的组成,阐述了污染源在线监测系统在环境监管能力建设、环境监管效能提升及环境保护管理创新中发挥的作用。结合污染源在线监测系统在中国石油环境保护管理工作中的应用实践,分析了目前污染源在线监测工作中存在的认识不足、设备选型不良、运维管理不到位等主要问题,建议提高对污染源在线监测工作的重视程度、开展污染源在线监测设备及第三方运维服务评价、深化污染源在线监测数据应用。     

ASSESSMENT OF REMOTE SENSING INPUT TO HYDROLOGIC MODELS1

Remotely sensed variables such as land cover type and snow-cover extent can currently be used directly and effectively in a few specific hydrologic models. Regression models can also be developed using physiographic and snow-cover data to permit estimation of discharge characteristics over extended periods such as a season or year. Most models, however, are not of an appropriate design to readily accept as input the various types of remote sensing parameters that can be obtained now or in the future. Because this new technology has the potential for producing hydrologic data that has significant information content on an areal basis, both inexpensively and repetitively, effort should be devoted now to either modifying existing models or developing new models that can use these data. Minor modifications would at least allow the remote sensing data to be used in an ancillary way to update the model state variables, whereas major structural modifications or new models would permit direct input of the data through remote sensing compatible algorithms. Although current remote sensing inputs to hydrologic models employ only visible and near infrared data, model modification or development should accommodate microwave and thermal infrared data that will be more widely available in the future.     

浅谈水质在线监控中遥感技术的应用

空间信息技术以及计算机技术的发展，给环境监控提供了先进、快速和科学的方法。其中，遥感技术由于能够快速、宏观地获得所监控区域的数据，近年来已逐渐成为环境监控系统中的重要技术手段。遥感信息是被控区域的电磁辐射能量及其结构特征与时空状态在遥感图像上的表现。今后，遥感技术、在线监控系统和地理信息系统等多种信息处理工具的结合将是环境信息监控系统发展的主要方向。     

气候遥感解译法在区域气候研究中的应用

运用遥感手段进行气候资源普查和生态气候类型的划分,是现代应用气候的一种新的研究方法,也是遥感技术应用的一个新领域。研究实践证明,遥感技术对于下垫面气候研究具有独特的功能,特别是对地方气候分析提供了新的内容和手段。本文以内蒙古兴安盟科右中旗和突泉县为列,对气候遥感解译法进行初步分析和概述,以促进该研究法在区域气候研究中更广泛地推广和应用。     

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING1

ABSTRACT: Watershed management decision making is a complex process. Cooperation and communication among federal, state, and local stakeholders is required while balancing biophysical and socioeconomic concerns. The public is taking part in environmental decisions, and the need for technology transfer from public agencies to stakeholders is increasing. Information technology has had a profound influence on watershed management over the past decade. Advances in data acquisition through remote sensing, data utilization through geographic information systems (GIS), and data sharing through the Internet have provided watershed managers access to more information for management decisions. In the future, applications incorporating hydrologic simulation models, GIS, and decision support systems will be deployed through the Internet. In addition to challenges in making complex modeling technology available to diverse audiences, new information technology issues, such as interoperability, Internet access, and security, are introduced when GIS, simulation models, and decision support systems are integrated in an Internet environment. This paper presents a review of current use of information technology in watershed management decision making and a discussion of issues created when developing Internet based, integrated watershed management decision support systems. A prototype spatial decision support system (SDSS) for rangeland watershed management was developed using web services, which are components that communicate using text based messages, thus eliminating proprietary protocols. This new framework provides an extensible, accessible, and interoperable approach for SDSS.     

RUNOFF PREDICTION USING REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY1

ABSTRACT: Percent imperviousness is an important parameter in modeling the urban rainfall-runoff process and is usually determined using manual methods such as random sampling or conventional accounting methods. In this study two computerized methods are used for estimating the percent imperviousness of urban watersheds using high altitude remote sensing imagery. These methods include the Laser Image Processing Scanner and the Video-Tape Camera system. Imperviousness is directly estimated in the former method while in the latter it is estimated as a function of the statistics of the responses on emulsions of the imagery. The percent imperviousness computed by utilizing remote sensing imagery was used with the conceptual models of rainfall-runoff models. The models were applied to four urban watersheds and the runoff prediction results indicate that imperviousness determined by using remote sensing imagery was as accurate as that obtained by the manual methods, and that the use of remote sensing imagery requires significantly less time and money.     

An introduction to digital methods in remote sensing of forested ecosystems: Focus on the Pacific Northwest,USA

Aerial photography has been routinely used for several decades by natural resource scientists and managers to map and monitor the condition of forested landscapes. Recently, along with the emergence of concepts in managing forests as ecosystems, has come a significant shift in emphasis from smaller to larger spatial scales and the widespread use of geographic information systems. These developments have precipitated an increasing need for vegetation information derived from other remote sensing imagery, especially digital data acquired from high-elevation aircraft and satellite platforms. This paper introduces fundamental concepts in digital remote sensing and describes numerous applications of the technology. The intent is to provide a balanced, nontechnical view, discussing the shortcomings, successes, and future potential for digital remote sensing of forested ecosystems.     

高分辨率遥感影像在城市绿地信息提取中的应用研究

高分辨率卫星遥感图像数据量大、空间分辨率高、结构信息复杂、地物同物异谱现象更为突出等特征给专题信息提取技术带来了新的挑战。基于植被的光谱特征,利用监督分类、植被指数分类和目视解译等方法对QuickBird高分辨率卫星遥感影像的绿地信息进行提取,并对分类精度作了比对分析。研究结果表明,监督分类方法不能得到令人满意的结果,运用植被指数分类方法则有明显改善,其中归一化植被指数(NDVI)精度最高,因此NDVI能有效地对植被进行分类与识别。