黄铁矿催化类Fenton反应处理阳离子红X-GRL废水

基于对天然矿物黄铁矿进行SEM、EDS表征的基础上,以黄铁矿为非均相类Fenton催化剂,以偶氮染料阳离子红X-GRL为目标污染物,考察了催化剂双氧水用量、溶液初始pH值、阳离子红X-GRL初始浓度、反应时间等因素对染料脱色效果的影响.结果表明,在H2O2浓度为26.6mg/L、矿用量1g/L、溶液初始pH值6.4左右的条件下,反应2min后,染料脱色率达95%左右.进行了黄铁矿在水溶液中的酸性氧化实验并且考察了Fe2+、SO42-浓度及溶液pH随矿重复利用次数的变化规律.初次使用的黄铁矿具有很强的酸性氧化特性,反应过程中伴随着大量Fe2+、SO42-及H+的溶出.染料的快速脱色主要是均相Fenton反应作用的结果.黄铁矿作为一种新的催化剂大大提高了类Fenton反应的催化活性,而且该新型类Fenton反应能克服传统Fenton反应适用pH范围小的局限性,拓展了Fenton反应在废水处理中的应用.     

活性嫩黄染料废水的臭氧降解研究

以活性嫩黄X-7G模拟染料废水为研究对象,观察了臭氧氧化过程中染料溶液的pH、电导以及吸光度的变化,利用离子色谱仪对染料溶液中Cl-、SO42-、NO3-和NH4+的生成过程进行了分析。结果表明臭氧对染料的降解符合一级反应动力学,20min内对染料的脱色率达96.7%以上,染料分子中的Cl和S在反应40min后分别有97.2%和73.5%被氧化为Cl-、SO42-,偶氮键被臭氧化为N2,-NH2部分质子化形成NH4+,新生成的NO3-来源于NH4+和其他含N基团的氧化。     

臭氧法对酸性嫩黄G溶液的脱色效率和残留物的分析

实验考察了臭氧对酸性嫩黄G色度脱除和其溶液pH值的变化情况,并对降解溶液中的残留物进行定量分析。结果发现,20min时,脱色率达到97.5%;有酸性物质生成并使得溶液的pH值随反应时间的推移下降,pH与脱色率总体变化趋势一致。经反应,分子中的—SO3Na基团大部分生成了SO42-;N并没有氧化成NO2-、NO3-,而是生成其它含N化合物。     

磷钨酸光催化降解染料废水研究

以253.7m紫外灯和太阳光为光源,研究了磷钨酸对几种模拟染料废水的光催化脱色性能,实验结果表明,深溶初始pH值及调节溶液pH值所用酸的类型对磷钨酸光催化活性有影响;催化剂投加量及溶液初始浓度是影响溶液脱色率的重要因素,当溶液中磷钨酸的浓度为0.03g/L,初始pH值为2,初始浓度为10mg/L的甲基橙,甲基红、酸性大红及墨水蓝溶液,阳光辐照3h,除墨水蓝外,其它各溶液脱色率均可达到90%以上。     

铁阳极电凝聚处理活性黑KN-B染料废水动力学分析

采用铁为阳极的原位电凝聚方法处理活性黑KN-B染料废水。以活性黑KN-B在特征吸收波长600nm和255nm的吸光度变化为分析指标,考察了电流密度、染料溶液初始pH值、电介质浓度及种类、温度、染料浓度等影响因素对染料废水脱色过程及脱色速率常数的影响。同时根据化学反应动力学理论对其脱色的动力学过程及脱色机理进行了初步探讨与分析。实验结果表明:染料溶液的脱色反应符合一级反应动力学过程;电流密度、染料浓度、染料溶液初始pH值及电解质的种类及浓度对一级反应速率常数影响显著,而染料溶液温度对一级反应速率常数的影响较小;染料废水的脱色过程是电凝聚和染料还原共同作用的过程。     

镀铜铁内电解法用于甲基橙的脱色研究

采用镀铜铁内电解法对甲基橙染料废水进行了降解脱色研究,考察了pH、铁屑投加量、反应时间、初始浓度对脱色效果的影响,并对镀铜铁内电解降解甲基橙的过程进行了原位循环伏安跟踪监测。结果表明:最佳反应条件为酸性条件pH值2~4,铁屑投加量为400g/L,反应时间为100min,脱色率为96.0%;镀铜铁内电解降解甲基橙过程发生了氧化还原反应,生成了甲基橙的氧化产物与还原产物。     

改性麦糟吸附水中酸性湖蓝A和碱性湖蓝BB实验研究

采用AlCl_3改性麦糟和Na OH改性麦糟分别处理酸性湖蓝A和碱性湖蓝BB,研究了不同pH、吸附剂投加量、时间和温度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:改性麦糟对酸性湖蓝A吸附反应的最佳条件在室温下,初始染料色度为500倍,溶液pH为3,吸附剂投加量5 g/L,反应时间30 min,脱色率达93%;改性麦糟对碱性湖蓝BB吸附反应的最佳条件在室温下,初始染料色度为500倍,溶液pH为9,吸附剂投加量3 g/L,反应时间30 min,脱色率达99%。且吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,其相关系数均在0.999以上。实验处理后废水色度在50倍以下,水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。     

电催化氧化法处理阳离子染料废水的试验研究

以结晶紫作为阳离子染料,采用电催化氧化法对阳离子染料溶液进行了电解脱色处理试验,研究了电流密度、电解质种类、电解质浓度、pH值等对该溶液脱色率的影响,测定了电解时溶液中生成的余氯浓度和溶液的紫外-可见吸收光谱曲线,并对不同电解时间的溶液的吸光度进行了归一化计算。结果表明:随着电解时间的延长,水溶液中活性氯浓度不断上升,经一定时间后达到最大值;在电催化和活性氯的协同作用下,阳离子染料结晶紫分子中的大π共轭体系被破坏、苯环结构基本瓦解,溶液快速脱色;在电流密度为5.1mA/cm2、NaCl浓度为4g/L、pH值为9.41的条件下,初始浓度为100mg/L的结晶紫溶液经过20min的电解,其脱色率可高达98.31%。     

可见光驱动下罗丹明B自活化过硫酸盐降解双酚A

目前,过硫酸盐的常规活化方法研究已经逐步成熟,但因成本过高或催化剂难以回收和二次污染等问题严重制约了其实际应用.本研究通过构建染料自活化体系,探讨了染料在活化过二硫酸盐发生自脱色以及降解其他污染物方面的应用潜能.结果表明,染料在可见光照射下可活化过二硫酸盐,不仅可以实现染料自脱色,而且可以降解其他污染物,罗丹明B与双酚A的降解率最高分别可达80%和90%.这一过程即包含了自由基反应途径,也包含了非自由基反应途径.体系中所产生的活性氧化物质包含：超氧自由基、硫酸根自由基、羟基自由基和单线态氧.染料自脱色效率与染料初始浓度、PS投加量和溶液初始pH等有关,同时,染料及其他污染物的初始浓度对其他污染物的降解有很大影响.这为过二硫酸盐的活化提供了一种经济环保的新思路,在未来染料废水的处理中拥有广阔应用前景.     

羧基化碳纳米管强化臭氧化脱色三苯甲烷染料废水

利用羧基化碳纳米管作为催化剂,强化臭氧化脱色三苯甲烷染料废水。结果表明,当羧基化碳纳米管存在下,碱性品红废水的脱色率显著增加,在初始pH值为6.0,温度为25℃,初始染料浓度为100 mg/L,羧基化碳纳米管用量为6 mg/L时,30 min后脱色率达到94%。羧基化碳纳米管的催化性能高是由于碳纳米管特殊的纳米结构和—COOH基团,从而促进了臭氧化过程。羧基化碳纳米管可以强化臭氧化脱色三苯甲烷染料废水,对碱性品红、结晶紫、灿烂绿和孔雀石绿4种染料废水均能达到良好的脱色效果。     

多相流染料废水的臭氧高级氧化脱色行为研究

以亚甲基蓝(MB)模拟染料废水,研究了多相流中染料的臭氧氧化脱色动力学,考察了活性炭、缓冲条件下的pH值以及羟基自由基(.OH)捕获剂对染料脱色行为的影响。试验结果表明,染料MB的臭氧氧化脱色过程符合伪一级动力学。活性炭的相界面催化作用能够促进染料的脱色,当颗粒状活性炭(GAC)浓度由3 g/L增大至15 g/L时,脱色速率呈现增大的趋势,且粉末状活性炭(PAC)催化脱色能力更强。缓冲条件下的pH增大,脱色速率明显加快,而且添加活性炭(>9 g/L)比自由基较活跃(pH=12.7)时的脱色速率常数k提高了一倍。强碱性(pH=12.7)缓冲条件下加入足够量(0.003 mol/L)羟基自由基捕获剂,结果表明HCO3-捕获自由基的能力强于叔丁醇,但由于捕获剂对自由基反应路径的控制作用依然有限,导致染料的脱色速率仍比酸性(pH=2.5)条件下快。     

Rapid decolorization of Acid Orange II aqueous solution by amorphous zero-valent iron

Some problems including low treatment capacity, agglomeration and clogging phenomena, and short working life, limit the application of pre-treatment methods involving zero-valent iron (ZVI). In this article, ZVI was frozen in an amorphous state through a melt-spinning technique, and the decolorization effect of amorphous ZVI on Acid Orange II solution was investigated under varied conditions of experimental variables such as reaction temperature, ribbon dosage, and initial pH. Batch experiments suggested that the decolorization rate was enhanced with the increase of reaction temperature and ribbon dosage, but decreased with increasing initial solution pH. Kinetic analyses indicated that the decolorization process followed a first order exponential kinetic model, and the surface-normalized decolorization rate could reach 2.09 L/(m². min) at room temperature, which was about ten times larger than any previously reported under similar conditions. Recycling experiments also proved that the ribbons could be reused at least four times without obvious decay of decolorization rate and efficiency. This study suggests a tremendous application potential for amorphous ZVI in remediation of groundwater or wastewater contaminated with azo dyes.     

亮蓝与日落黄染料的水中电晕放电脱色比较

利用一种能够产生大体积水下脉冲电晕放电的同轴棒-筒电极结构对亮蓝及日落黄染料溶液进行脱色降解,从耗时及耗能角度对脱色效果进行对比。实验发现溶液电导率增加对两种染料脱色速率影响都不大,但能耗增加,相同电导率下日落黄脱色速率大于亮蓝,而能耗低于亮蓝。pH值升高时两种染料脱色速率都减慢且能耗增加,酸性条件下日落黄脱色速率大于亮蓝、能耗低于亮蓝。     

粉煤灰对单体直接染料脱色效果的研究

就粉煤灰的投加量、染料的初始浓度、pH值及脱色时间等因素对单体直接染料脱色效果进行了研究，结果表明：在加灰量为0.006g/ml、gH值为2－10、脱色时间为20－30min时，粉煤灰对单体直接染料具有良好的脱色效果。     

活性炭催化臭氧氧化扑热息痛的机制研究

采用活性炭催化臭氧处理典型解热镇痛药扑热息痛,研究了活性炭/臭氧体系的协同效应,优化了工艺参数,分析了降解产物并探讨了降解机制.结果表明:在臭氧活性炭体系下,反应60 min后,TOC的去除率为55.11%,效果明显优于臭氧体系的20.22%和活性炭体系的27.39%之和,具有明显的协同作用,并且BOD5/COD比值从反应前的0.086提高到反应后的0.543,可生化性显著提高.研究了pH、臭氧投加量、污染物初始浓度和活性炭投加量等操作参数的作用规律.在此基础上,探讨了臭氧活性炭体系在不同pH下的催化反应机制,发现在酸性条件下是吸附和臭氧直接氧化共同作用,在碱性条件下以活性炭催化臭氧氧化为主.     

臭氧/纳米TiO2催化氧化去除水中微量硝基苯的研究

在悬浮颗粒搅拌混合反应器中,研究了臭氧/纳米TiO₂催化氧化去除水中微量硝基苯的性能,结果表明,纳米TiO₂催化臭氧化去除硝基苯较单独臭氧氧化有明显的提高,反应20min硝基苯的去除率提高了44%.实验中分别考察了纳米TiO₂热处理温度、催化剂投量、臭氧投量、硝基苯初始浓度、pH值对臭氧/纳米TiO₂催化氧化去除硝基苯的影响.发现550℃烧结得到的纳米TiO₂表现出最好的催化臭氧化活性,在较低的臭氧投量与催化剂用量条件下,硝基苯的去除率可达到56.57%;增大臭氧或者硝基苯的初始浓度,硝基苯的去除率随之提高;但是改变催化剂投量,硝基苯的去除效果几乎不受影响;中性或碱性pH环境利于纳米TiO₂催化臭氧化反应的进行.通过研究叔丁醇对纳米TiO₂催化臭氧化反应的影响,证明反应遵循羟基自由基(·OH)反应机理.     

Impact of Fenton and ozone on oxidation of wastewater containing nitroaromatic compounds

Fenton and ozone treatment was investigated at laboratory scale for the degradation of aqueous solutions of nitrobenzene (NB).Effects of reactants concentration (O3,H2O2,and Fe(II)),temperature,and pH on NB degradation were monitored.Reaction kinetic of these processes was also assessed.A rapid reaction took place for Fenton process at higher initial concentration of H2O2,higher temperatures,and more acidic conditions(pH 3).Similarly, ozonation reaction exhibited rapid rates for higher ozone dose,higher temperatures,and more basic conditions(pH 11).Complete NB degradation in 65 min Was achieved using Fenton process.The conditions of complete elimination of 100 mg/L of initial NB concentration,were 250 mg/L of H2O2 concentration,pH 3,and 10 mg/L of Fe(Ⅱ) concentration.Under these conditions,55% organic carbon elimination Was achieved.Total organic carbon mineralization Was attained in 240 min reaction time by Fenton process with 900 mg/L of H2O2 concentration,and 30 mg/L of Fe(II) concentration.Fenton reaction showed a pseudo-first order kinetic;the reaction rate constant Was ranged from 0.0226 to 0.0658 min-1.Complete NB degradation wag also achieyed for an ozone dose of the order of 2.5 g/L.The ozonation Was studied at different ozone doses.different initial pH(7-11)and at difierent temperatures(15-35℃).NB ozonation kinetic Was represented by a bi-molecular kinetic model which was reduced to pseudo-first order kinetic.The pseudo-first order reaction rate constant was determined to increase at 20℃ from 0.004 to 0.020 min-1 as the used ozone increased from 0.4 to 1.9g/L.     

Degradation of Reactive Yellow 86 with photo-Fenton process driven by solar light

The decolorization of Reactive Yellow 86(RY 86),one of reactive azo dyes,was investigated in the presence of Fenton reagent under solar light irradiation.The decolorization rate was strongly influenced by pH,initial concentrations of H 2 O 2 and Fe(II),and so on.An initial concentration of 40 mg/L was decolored more than 90% after 20 min under optimum conditions.The activation energy of the solar photo-Fenton reaction was 1.50 kJ/mol for RY 86 in the temperature range of 10-60°C.In the kinetic study,the rate constant of RY 86 with OH· radicals could be estimated to be 1.7 × 10 10 L/(mol·sec).The decolorization efficiency of RY 86 under solar light irradiation was comparable to the artificial light irradiation.The decrease of TOC as a result of mineralization of RY 86 was observed during photo-Fenton process.The rate of RY 86 mineralization was about 83% under UV irradiation after 24 hr.The formation of chloride,sulfate,nitrate and ammonium ions as end-products was observed during the photocatalytic process.The decomposition of RY 86 gave two kinds of intermediate products.The degradation mechanism of RY 86 was proposed on the base of the identified intermediates.