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1.
安全氛围是影响企业安全生产的重要因素,首先在理论分析的基础上明确安全氛围的定义及其包含的主要研究内容,提出安全氛围构成的关键元素,开发测评工具,并构建基于主成分分析法和四分象限图分析法的测评数据分析模型。采用主成分分析法具体描述各关键元素对企业安全氛围的影响度值;应用四分象限图分析法进一步分析,根据元素的影响度值将元素划分至"优势区"、"优先改进区"、"深入改进区"和"维持优势区"4个区域,为企业改进安全氛围提供更为具体直观的参考。提出的测评工具及测评数据的定量分析模型在一定程度上克服定性评价的不足,可以在不同类型的企业应用。  相似文献   

2.
为了对水环境安全状况进行有效评价,建立了以改进AHP法赋权的综合指数法为核心内容的区域水环境安全评价体系,并结合动态趋势分析法对河北省区域内1999-2006年的水环境安全状况进行了动态发展趋势评价.结果表明,在评价时间段内,河北省水环境安全状况总体上呈波动上升趋势,其中水量安全度波动较大,这说明水量安全问题是河北省水环境安全的最薄弱环节,是制约河北省水环境修复的核心要素.该方法的应用可为区域水环境的修复提供有针对性的指导.  相似文献   

3.
提出了基于主成分分析法和BP神经网络的综合安全评价模型.利用主成分分析法的数据降维功能对评价指标进行特征提取,选用合适的主成分作为神经网络的输入,构建网络拓扑结构.在建立多层次道路危险货物运输企业安全评价指标体系的基础上,采用MATLAB对企业安全现状进行实证仿真分析.结果表明,基于主成分分析法和BP神经网络的综合安全评价模型的评价结果优于其他评价模型.研究表明,本文得到的综合模型能够更加客观、准确地反映评价对象的实际情况.  相似文献   

4.
企业应急管理脆弱性分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在阐述脆弱性的概念和分析方法的基础上,以某企业安全状况和应急管理中存在的脆弱性为例,从安全学的角度对7个区域的21类脆弱指标进行专家评分,运用主成分分析法研究企业安全和应急管理中各区域存在的脆弱性,分析各单元脆弱性特征和分布规律,并得出各单元综合脆弱性程度,运用脆弱性定量分析对企业进行安全评价,为评估应急预案和应急能力提供了一种新的定量评价方法。  相似文献   

5.
主成分分析法在综合评价中的应用存在许多不足之处,首先以江苏省的13个城市为样本,分别应用主成分分析法和层次分析法评价其区域可持续发展能力,两种方法所得评价结果差别很大;然后去掉两个城市,仅以11个城市为样本,采用相同的方法进行评价,两种方法的结果仍存在巨大差别,且同一种方法前后两次评价结果的变化有显著区别:层次分析法两次评价结果所得各城市的排名次序基本相同,仅南通和常州互换了顺序,但得分几乎相同;而主成分分析法两次评价结果差别显著。上述结果表明,主成分分析法在区域可持续发展能力的评价中是失效的,主成分分析法不适于评价可持续发展能力。  相似文献   

6.
基于物元分析法的沱江地表水水质评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用物元分析法构建地表水环境质量评价综合物元模型,对沱江出水口2000-2008年的水环境质量进行评定.结果表明,沱江出水口地表水水质除2002-2004年超过地表水Ⅲ类标准外,其余年均能达到表水Ⅲ类标准.2008年水质变化分析显示,丰水期和枯水期的水质均能满足地表水Ⅲ类标准要求,但在平水期个别月份水质仍有超标现象发生.对物元分析法和模糊评价法的评价结果比较显示,两种方法评价结果基本吻合,与监测资料取得了较好的一致性.  相似文献   

7.
集对分析法在河流水质评价中的应用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为了解决集对分析法在环境质量评价中应用的问题,用集对分析法建立了河流水质评价模型,并应用该模型对阜新市大凌河支流4个断面监测点的7种污染因子监测结果进行实例分析.结果表明,各断面水质评价级别均为Ⅴ级.研究表明,采用集对分析法进行水质评价准确可靠,信息利用率高,具有客观性和合理性.因此,集对分析理论为河流水质综合评价提供了一种新的思路,所用理论方法和所建模型也可推广应用于其他领域.  相似文献   

8.
我国城市规模的扩大和天然气需求的增加,导致城市埋地天然气管网越来越复杂,城市埋地天然气管网的安全对于保障城市的可持续发展至关重要。为了对常州市埋地天然气管网做出准确的安全评价,分析了导致埋地天然气管网破坏的影响因素,构建了基于地理信息系统的多准则安全评价的权重线性组合法模型,运用层次分析法计算了各影响因子的权重,得到了常州市埋地天然气管网安全评价结果。依据计算结果,分析了常州市埋地天然气管网的高风险区域,并为降低这些区域的破坏风险提供了工程措施建议。  相似文献   

9.
基于区域网络人员疏散模型的计算机仿真   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在分析国内外已有安全疏散模型的基础上,结合区域模型思想,提出了以功能单元为基础的精细网格区域疏散模型(区域网格疏散模型).区域网格疏散模型根据建筑单元的功能设置各单元的人员密度,而疏散过程中人员运动速度受人员密度的影响.以MATLAB为开发平台,完成了界面窗口建立、各控件内部计算处理函数语句编程等工作,开发了区域网格疏散仿真程序(Zone Grid Evacuation Simulation Software,ZGESS).该程序可显示各楼层不同时刻的人员分布情况及整个建筑物人数随时间的变化.对建筑人员疏散的实例分析表明,区域网格疏散仿真程序能够模拟人员疏散的运动过程,并可将各单元及整个区域内的疏散全过程动态显示出来.  相似文献   

10.
聚类-因子分析在太湖水质参数评价中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为明确太湖水质恶化的主要影响因子,利用2005年太湖常规监测数据,通过聚类-因子分析法对太湖水质参数进行了分析.结果表明,聚类分析将太湖按其污染程度分为4个湖区,这4个湖区在污染状况上的空间分布与太湖富营养化分布趋势基本一致.通过对4个湖区因子分析发现,湖区Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的第一主成分都含有营养盐,表明营养盐与水质关系密切,是控制这3个湖区水质的主导因素.由于各湖区所处的地理位置以及人为因素所产生的影响不同,主导因素营养盐的种类也不同.湖区Ⅰ主要受磷营养盐控制;湖区Ⅱ主要受氮营养盐控制;湖区Ⅲ主要受氮、磷营养盐的共同控制,属于全湖营养盐富集区,富营养化水平较高;湖区Ⅳ主要受叶绿素、温度和砷的控制.由此判断,先对太湖进行聚类分析,然后对分类湖区进行因子分析的方法具有较高的可行性;太湖水质恶化一方面受营养盐与叶绿素的决定性影响,另一方面砷化合物的影响也很大,由于砷具有一定的毒性,其对太湖水质的影响不容忽视.  相似文献   

11.
在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.  相似文献   

12.
为克服传统危险与可操作性(HAZOP)定性分析方法在复杂操作、间歇作业等过程中使用的局限性,提出在传统HAZOP定性分析方法的基础上结合What-if(故障假设)方法,对人的不安全行为和操作规程不完备所导致的风险后果分析作出补充。详细说明其技术原理、工作流程等使用细节,系统阐述该方法与传统HAZOP定性分析方法的区别,并在某延迟焦化装置的除焦操作的风险分析中应用。经分析,识别出在“给水-泡焦”节点,有“操作规程错误”场景2项,“操作规程不具体”场景1项,不存在“操作人员未按操作规程执行”场景。研究结果表明:本文方法有效且具有较好效果,可以广泛应用于操作规程/作业指导书审查、作业过程隐患排查等方面,帮助企业开展操作层面的风险识别与管理,提升企业的生产安全水平。  相似文献   

13.
Introduction: Pedestrian fatalities in the United States increased 45.5% between 2009 and 2017. More than 85% of those additional pedestrian fatalities occurred at night. Method: We examine Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for fatal pedestrian crashes that occurred in the dark between 2002 and 2017. Within-variable and before/after examinations of crashes in terms of infrastructure, user, vehicle, and situational characteristics are performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t-tests. We model changes in crash characteristic proportions between 2002–2009 and 2010–2017 using linear regressions and test for autocorrelation with Breusch-Godfrey tests. Results: The increase in fatal nighttime pedestrian crashes is most strongly correlated with infrastructure factors: non-intersection unmarked locations (saw 80.8% of additional fatalities); 40–45 mph roads (54.6%); five-lane roads (40.7%); urban (99.7%); and arterials (81.1%). In addition, SUVs were involved in 39.7% of additional fatalities, overrepresenting their share of the fleet. Increased pedestrian alcohol and drug involvement warrant further investigation. The age of pedestrians killed increased more (18.1%) than the national average (3.2%). Conclusions: By identifying factors related to the increase in nighttime pedestrian fatalities, this work constitutes a vital first step in making our streets safer for pedestrians. Practical Applications: More research is needed to understand the efficacy of different solutions, but this paper provides guidance for such future research. Engineering solutions such as road diets or traffic calming may be used to improve identified infrastructure issues by reducing vehicle speeds and road widths. Rethinking vehicle design, especially high front profiles, may improve vehicle issues. However, the problems giving rise to these pedestrian fatalities are likely a result of not only engineering issues but also interrelated social and political factors. Solutions may be correspondingly comprehensive, employing non-linear, systems-based approaches such as Safe Systems.  相似文献   

14.
森林地表火蔓延模拟方法及其计算机实现   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
杜飞  候遵泽  刘家琦 《火灾科学》2001,10(4):204-208
进行了森林火蔓延的研究,对传统的经验公式和模型进行改进,明显发现改进的模型有更好的结果,用计算机巧妙准确地实现了模拟模型,在风力不是特别大,地形变化不是特别剧烈时,该模型有较高精度;并结合火蔓延的主要因素(气象因子、气候、地形等),进行系统分析,写出算地,编制实现地表火蔓延的预测预报计算机系统软件。这对于有效的组织扑救、减少火灾损失、计算森林火灾的损失评估有重要意义。  相似文献   

15.
为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。  相似文献   

16.
Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).  相似文献   

17.
为了减少滑坡造成的损失,提高滑坡预测的准确性,通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据,在获得多组模拟实验数据后,分析各变量的特性。首先,通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)算法,对滑坡进行危险度划分;然后,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)建立模型,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数,提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据,通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好,实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合,与单一SVM相比,精度更高,结果更好,更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。  相似文献   

18.
一起有机过氧化物爆炸事故的调查和分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
阐述一起重大爆炸伤亡事故的现场调查和原因分析,介绍如何通过人证物证材料,用鱼刺图法找出可能引起事故的诸原因,逐项加以分析,将与人证或物证材料相矛盾的原因子以排除,最后剩下无法排除亦即能与人证物证相符的那个原因,就是事故的真正原因。笔者是这起事故调查专家组组长,取证和数据可靠。  相似文献   

19.
Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
Occupational Safety and Health in Finland   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.  相似文献   

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