加强环境信息管理机构建设是环境管理的需要

介绍了创建“数字环保”工作的体会，提出了如何加强环境信息机构的建设。     

国家环保总局发出紧急通知开展全国环境安全大检查

12月8日国家环保总局发出紧急通知，决定从即日起到2006年1月30日在全国范围内开展环境安全大检查。通知要求各地环保部门切实加强环境安全监管工作，落实全国环保系统进一步加强环境监管严防发生污染事故电视电话会议精神，严格按照国家环保总局近日发出的《关于进一步加强环境监督管理严防发生污染事故的紧急通知》要求，督促相关单位对可能出现的环境隐患采取预防措施，完善相应预案，严把新上项目环境影响评价关，确保人民群众环境安全。     

环境费税研究现状与展望

环境费税是环境保护经济手段的重要组成部分，对于控制污染、实现环境与经济的协调和可持续发展具有重要的意义。文章概述了环境费税研究的现状，并展望了未来发展的趋势。     

藻类在环境保护中的作用及其资源化利用研究进展

作为地球上最庞大的生物群体,藻类在环境保护中具有重要意义.主要述评了藻类在固定二氧化碳、去除有毒有害物质,去除难降解有机物、吸附重金属等方面的作用,并从制油,提取色素、藻胆蛋白、生理活性物质等方面评价了藻类的资源化用途,最后对其资源化利用的未来研究方向进行了展望.     

Enzyme-immunoassay techniques for the detection of atrazine in water samples: Evaluation of a commercial tube based assay

Environmental immunoassays can help lower the operating costs and improve the effectiveness of residue laboratories. The present study assesses the ability of a commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect triazine herbicides in water. The tube based EIA could detect atrazine in lake and river water with detection limits of 62 pg/mL and 180 pg/mL respectively. The assay's ability to quantify atrazine in a set of 124 water samples taken from many parts of Canada was compared with a reference method that used gas chromatographic separation combined with a nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD) (R=0.919). A 71 % reduction in analytical load was achieved at a threshold concentration of 1 ng/mL. There were 2.4 % false negative and 0.8 % false positive results associated with that load reduction. The variability of the assay control parameters was generally within two standard deviations of the mean response for 65 assays. The EIA for atrazine is recommended for use as a screening technique and as an inexpensive way to monitor triazine levels in waters that are known to be contaminated with those herbicides.     

三峡水库水生态环境保护与增殖渔业发展对策研究

三峡水库试验性蓄水175m成功后,水库水生态环境的管护成为水库管理的重点工作之一。针对目前三峡水库渔业的现状、取得的进展、存在的问题展开调研。在实地考察调研的基础上,提出了巩固取消三峡水库网箱养鱼的成果,防止反弹;开展三峡水库增殖渔业研究;建立三峡水库渔业开发总公司,实行公司化运作,实现渔业科学、有序、可持续的良性发展;加强水库增殖渔业的行政管理等建议。为政府在完善保护三峡水库水质和发展增殖渔业决策时提供参考。     

The challenges of environment and development in the Arab Region

The following paper was given at the Symposium on Environmental Pollution in the Region, Third World Academy of Sciences, Kuwait, November 24, 1992.     

环境知情权的法律保护

环境知情权既是公民参与国家环境管理的前提,又是环境保护的必要民主程序.在阐述环境知情权的概念和美、日、加等国家环境知情权法律保护情况的基础上,分析了中国环境知情权的法律保护现状及存在问题,并借鉴国外经验,提出了中国加强环境知情权的法律对策.     

浙江省生态环境可持续发展评价指标体系的建立

生态环境的可持续发展评价是生态安全与生态建设中的重要内容。本研究应用主成分分析法，收集浙江省1990～2000年的数据，对评价指标进行初步筛选．同时采用德尔斐法进行专家咨询，得到评价指标的分层排序。最后从初选的54个评价指标中，根据主成分分析法、专家咨询法的指标筛选结果，结合有关国家及地方生态环境建设规划，建立了由40个指标组成的浙江省生态环境可持续发展评价指标体系。     

The role of toxicology in the evaluation of new agrochemicals

Abstract

The use of agrochemicals like crop protecting agents, veterinary disinfectants, and wood preservatives may result in (un)intentional exposure of the environment, animals and man. This paper deals with current testing strategies to assess the potential health risks for humans exposed to these chemicals during production or application or via consumption of foods containing pesticide residues.

Principles and procedures for safety assessment of pesticide residues in food as developed by WHO/FAO are described. Different types of toxicity studies in mammalian test animal species are discussed and a strategy is outlined in order to characterize the toxicity profile of a compound and the relationship between applied doses and adverse effects. Safety testing of agrochemicals should be carried out in relation to its intended use, and in particular attention will be paid to toxicity testing of residues of pesticides in food. Extrapolation of results from animal studies to humans and the use of safety factors is discussed.

Besides the use of animal protocol studies for safety testing of agrochemicals, the potential use of in‐vitro models derived from organs and tissues of animals is discussed. Data on the in‐vitro metabolism of thiabendazole, aldicarb and alachlor are discussed in order to demonstrate that such data may complement or partly substitute whole animal experimentation.

Principles and procedures for safety testing of residues of agrochemicals in food as applied during the last three decades, constitute a ‘safety‐first’ approach, providing sufficient safety margins for the consumer of foods which may contain low levels of residues of agrochemicals.     

超临界流体技术在环境保护中的应用

简要介绍了超临界流体萃取和超临界水氧化的基本原理及优点 ,综述了超临界流体技术在废水处理、固体废物处理及污染监测中的开发和应用     

浙江省循环经济发展评价指标体系研究

近年来能源、土地及水资源短缺给浙江经济发展带来了极大的挑战,发展循环经济是实现可持续发展的重要途径.以循环经济为指导,结合浙江省循环经济发展现状,从减量化、资源化、无害化及社会经济发展四个控制层面构建浙江省循环经济发展指标体系,运用层次分析法对浙江省近8年的循环经济发展状况进行综合评价,旨在为浙江循环经济发展重点及方向提供科学依据.评价结果表明,浙江省循环经济发展水平逐年提高,呈良好发展趋势.     

里杜湖富营养化综合评价及预测

根据里杜湖水库的水质监测及水文资料，选择评分法结合生物优势种评价法以及“源－效应”预测模型对里杜湖水库水质的营养状态进行综合评价及预测。结果表明：里杜湖水库水质已轻度富营养化，并有逐年加重的趋势。旨在正确评价和预测里杜湖水库营养状态，并为同类水库的营养状态评价及预测提供参考和借鉴，从而为水库水质管理及富营养化的控制提供科学依据。