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厌氧颗粒污泥对五氯苯酚脱氯过程中的影响因素 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
在间歇培养血清瓶中,研究了厌氧颗粒污泥对五氯酚脱氯过程中的影响因素.结果表明,葡萄糖、酵母膏和蛋白胨显著提高了PCP的脱氯速率.添加甲酸、乙酸、乙醇对PCP脱氯速率有一定提高,丙酸和丁酸对脱氯速率没有影响.20%氢气的加入对PCP脱氯速率的影响显著.废水中硝酸盐和硫酸盐等电子受体的存在降低了PCP的脱氯速率.微生物抑制剂氯仿、青霉素降低了PCP脱氯速率,表明厌氧微生物尤其是甲烷菌对还原脱氯有重要影响.PCP最佳还原脱氯温度为38℃,最佳pH为7,低的氧化还原电位(<-200mV)有利于脱氯的进行.图5参13 相似文献
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研究了紫泥田和浅脚紫泥田2种水稻土胶体界面五氯酚(PCP)的还原转化效果,以及添加Fe2+或草酸对五氯酚还原转化效果的影响.采用表观一级反应动力学描述土壤胶体界面五氯酚的转化过程.结果表明,紫泥田和浅脚紫泥田土壤胶体界面五氯酚的还原转化动力学常数分别为0.0375d-1和0.0430d-1,半衰期分别为18.5d和16.1d;厌氧条件下水稻土胶体中铁氧化物还原溶解产生的吸附态Fe2+对五氯酚具有一定的还原转化能力.添加1.0mmol·L-1Fe2+或1.0mmol·L-1草酸均能显著促进土壤胶体界面五氯酚的还原转化和氯离子的产生,紫泥田土壤胶体界面五氯酚的还原转化半衰期分别减少到9.6d和6.0d,浅脚紫泥田土壤胶体界面五氯酚的转化半衰期分别减少到7.9d和3.0d.草酸促进作用更加显著的原因是铁-草酸配合物的生成.土壤胶体界面五氯酚的还原转化、脱氯效率与土壤胶体的比表面积、吸附态亚铁离子浓度有一定的正相关关系.促进土壤中吸附态亚铁离子和草酸等低分子量有机酸的产生能显著促进有机氯的还原转化. 相似文献
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零价铁对土壤中4-氯苯酚还原脱氯研究 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
氯苯酚是常见的环境污染物,它们在土壤中的加速分解可以减少对人类健康的危害。以恒温培养为方法,GC-MS为检测手段,研究了在常温常压下土壤中4-氯苯酚(4-CP)在零价铁作用下的还原脱氯反应。结果表明:4-CP可以被来自零价铁的电子还原,零价铁能够有效促进土壤中的4-CP脱除苯环上的氯原子,从而达到降低毒性、增加可生化性目的。反应条件如初始pH、时间、零价铁用量等均对4-CP还原脱氯效率有重要影响,特别是当初始pH值控制在偏酸时更有利于反应的进行。在零价铁加入量500mg、初始pH=4、反应时间7d的条件下,零价铁对土壤中4-CP还原脱氯效率最高可以达到65%。利用实验数据,对零价铁作用下4-CP还原脱氯的反应机理也进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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降解五氯酚的微好氧颗粒污泥的培养及其微生物种群分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在微好氧的条件下培养出颗粒污泥并用含五氯酚(PCP)的废水对颗粒污泥进行驯化,研究了培养过程中颗粒污泥的MLSS、SVI、粒径以及对COD和PCP处理能力的变化.颗粒污泥培养成熟后, PCP和COD的去除率分别达到85.3%和86.1%.用扫描电镜观察了颗粒污泥的结构,颗粒污泥内细菌种群丰富,大多数为短杆菌和球菌.同时采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术对培养出的微好氧颗粒污泥以及用PCP驯化后的颗粒污泥中微生物的种群进行了初步分析和对比,用PCP驯化后的微生物种群发生了较明显的动态变化,新增了某些菌群,如不动杆菌(Acinetobacter)、变形杆菌(Proteobacterium)和硫酸盐还原菌等.图6表2参20 相似文献
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运用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平下对多氯二苯并-对-二噁英(PCDDs)、氯苯和氯苯酚等分子进行计算,找到了一个可指示脱卤拟球菌Dehalococcoides sp.CBDB1降解转化PCDDs、氯苯和氯苯酚等有机氯污染物的脱氯途径和中间产物的参数氯原子电荷QCl(n)·以QCl(n)作为理论探针可准确指示PCDDs、氯苯和氯苯酚被菌株CBDB1转化的主要脱氯中间产物,脱氯反应主要发生在含有最大QCl(n)的位置上.对于同一系列化合物,根据不同分子的最大QCl(n)数值,可判断该分子发生脱氯反应可能性的大小,QCl(n)过大或过小都不利于脱氯反应的进行.另外还可利用同一分子内不同氯原子间电荷大小的差异△QCl(n)推断存在第二种脱氯产物可能性的大小,△QCl(n)越小则同时存在两种脱氯中间产物的可能性越大. 相似文献
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自然环境中,大多数氯代有机污染物厌氧还原脱氯反应是与土壤环境中一些生源要素的生物化学还原过程相伴生。有机污染物的种类、生物有效性以及毒性能够显著影响这些生源要素的转化,反过来,土壤中活跃的氧化还原反应也可以显著影响有机污染物的动力学转化过程。本文从氧化还原顺序上综述了反硝化过程、铁还原过程、硫酸盐还原过程和产甲烷过程对氯代有机污染物厌氧还原脱氯过程的影响与作用机制,旨在为氯代有机污染物在厌氧环境中还原脱氯的过程与机理的进一步研究、以及还原脱氯与微生物介导的生源要素氧化还原过程的耦合作用机制的揭示提供参考。 相似文献
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多氯联苯是一种典型的持久性有机污染物,其在环境中的转化归趋备受关注.在厌氧条件下,多氯联苯可以通过微生物脱氯进行降解,该降解方式虽然广泛存在于自然界中,但是受生物地球化学因素的影响较大,调控较为复杂.本文对多氯联苯的厌氧微生物脱氯降解进行综述,讨论了脱氯路径和自然界中8种主要脱氯历程;脱氯微生物及相关的微生物还原脱卤酶;影响脱氯速率、程度和历程的主要物理和地球化学因素(温度、pH和氧化还原水平、碳源、电子受体、电子供体及抑制物).最后分析了多氯联苯厌氧脱氯研究中存在的问题并对其前景进行展望. 相似文献
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厌氧颗粒污泥降解五氯酚活性的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在分批培养条件下,对取自处理含氯酚有机废水厌氧反应器的颗粒污泥降解五氯酚(PCP)的活性作了初步研究.结果发现,反应器下层污泥降解PCP活性较高,污泥浓度影响比PCP降解速率;表观PCP降解过程可用一级反应动力学表征,外加碳源特别是丁酸、葡萄糖对PCP厌氧降解有明显的强化作用;外加碳源与PCP浓度均影响PCP的降解速率. 相似文献
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Zhimin Qiang Weiwei Ben Chin-Pao Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2008,2(4):397-409
The degradation of selected chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) exemplified by trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene (DCE), and chloroform (CF) was investigated with Fenton oxidation process. The results indicate that the degradation rate was primarily affected by the chemical structures of organic contaminants. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) preferred to attack the organic contaminants with an electron-rich structure such as chlorinated alkenes (i.e., TCE and DCE). The dosing mode of Fenton’s reagent, particularly of Fe2+, significantly affected the degradation efficiency of studied organic compound. A new “time-squared” kinetic model, C = C o exp(?k obs t 2), was developed to express the degradation kinetics of selected CAHs. This model was applicable to TCE and DCE, but inapplicable to CF due to their varied reaction rate constants towards ?OH. Chloride release was monitored to examine the degree of dechlorination during the oxidation of selected CAHs. TCE was more easily dechlorinated thanDCE and CF.Dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) was identified as the major reaction intermediate in the oxidation of TCE, which could be completely removed as the reaction proceeded. No reaction intermediates or byproducts were identified in the oxidation of DCE and CF. Based on the identified intermediate, the reaction mechanism of TCE with Fenton’s reagent was proposed. 相似文献
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Xiangyu Guan Fei Liu Yuxuan Xie Lingling Zhu Bin Han 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2013,35(4):535-549
Pollution of groundwater with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) is a serious environmental problem which is threatening human health. Microorganisms are the major participants in degrading these contaminants. Here, groundwater contaminated for a decade with CAHs was investigated. Numerical simulation and field measurements were used to track and forecast the migration and transformation of the pollutants. The diversity, abundance, and possible activity of groundwater microbial communities at CAH-polluted sites were characterized by molecular approaches. The number of microorganisms was between 5.65E+05 and 1.49E+08 16S rRNA gene clone numbers per liter according to quantitative real-time PCR analysis. In 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed from samples along the groundwater flow, eight phyla were detected, and Proteobacteria were dominant (72.8 %). The microbial communities varied with the composition and concentration of pollutants. Meanwhile, toluene monooxygenases and methane monooxygenases capable of degradation of PCE and TCE were detected, demonstrating the major mechanism for PCE and TCE degradation and possibility for in situ remediation by addition of oxygen in this study. 相似文献
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采用离体细胞测试技术,研究三氯乙烯(TCE)、四氯乙烯(PCE)对中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)的细胞毒性作用。3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)试验结果显示三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯对CHO细胞的半数生长抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为590 mg·L~(-1)、281 mg·L~(-1)。三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯暴露可导致CHO细胞膜损伤,并且诱导细胞活性氧的产生。经不同浓度的三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯作用24 h后,细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性受到抑制;染毒浓度较低时细胞过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈激活势,染毒浓度过高CAT酶活性受到抑制。研究表明在体外培养条件下,氯乙烯类污染物诱导氧化应激可能是其产生细胞毒性的作用机制之一。 相似文献
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Batch photodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was conducted with ultraviolet irradiation. The main intermediates were
identified as 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol. Based on the density functional
theory, atomic charge values were applied to reveal the photodegradation pathway. A comparison of the results of the experiment
confirms that PCP molecules are dechlorinated in the descending order of their atomic charge values. From these results, it
appears that determining the atomic charge values of organohalogen compounds is a promising method for predicting the dechlorination
position in photodegradation. 相似文献
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Study of Fishes in the Chung-Kung Stream: Species Distribution and Organochlorine Pesticide Residues
Abstract In this study, we investigated the potential for reductive dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) by municipal sewage sludge adapted to 2,4-DCP at different concentrations. 2,4-DCP was completely dechlorinated within 4 weeks. After 18 weeks' incubation, 2,4,6-TCP was also completely dechlorinated and the residue of PCP was 0, 44.46, 51.96% at 0.5, 5, and 50 μg ml1 respectively. the 2,4-DCP adapted communities initially removed the ortho-chlorine from PCP of 5.0, 50 μg ml1, following an ortho < para < meta order of chlorine removal. Intermediate products were 3,4,5-TCP, 3,5-DCP, 3-CP (3-chlorophenol), phenol, benzoate and hexanoic acids, whereas PCP (0.5 μg ml1) indicated a preference for meta-chlorine removal. the intermediate product of 2,4,6-TCP at three concentrations were 2,4-DCP, phenol, benzoate and hexanoic acid. These products were identified by GC-MASS spectrometry. the effects of supplements, including sodium citrate (0.08 mM), sodium pyruvate (0.18 mM), sodium sulphate (0.14 mM) had a direct stimulatory effect on the dechlorination of 2,4,6-TCP and PCP after treatment for 4 weeks, but dechlorination was inhibited after 8 weeks. 相似文献
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Bhanukiran SUNKARA Yang SU Jingjing ZHAN Jibao HE Gary L. MCPHERSON Vijay T. JOHN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(5):939
Iron-carbon (Fe-C) composite microspheres prepared through a facile aerosol-based process are effective remediation agents for the simultaneous adsorption and reduction of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Complete dechlorination was achieved for the class of chlorinated ethenes that include tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), cis- and trans-1,2-dicloroethylene (c-DCE, t-DCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) and, vinyl chloride (VC). The Fe-C particles potentially provides multi-functionality with requisite characteristics of adsorption, reaction, and transport for the effective in situ remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The carbon support immobilizes the ferromagnetic iron nanoparticles onto its surface, thereby inhibiting aggregation. The adsorptive nature of the carbon support prevents the release of toxic intermediates such as the dichloroethylenes and vinyl chloride. The adsorption of chlorinated ethenes on the Fe-C composites is higher (>80%) than that of humic acid (<35%) and comparable to adsorption on commercial activated carbons (>90%). The aerosol-based process is an efficient method to prepare adsorptive-reactive composite particles in the optimal size range for transport through the porous media and as effective targeted delivery agents for the in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminants. 相似文献
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COD对颗粒污泥厌氧氨氧化反应性能的影响 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
研究了COD对颗粒污泥厌氧氨氧化反应的影响,并对颗粒污泥的厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能进行了分析.厌氧颗粒污泥取自实验室长期运行的EGSB生物脱氮反应器,实验用水为人工配水,以葡萄糖为有机碳源;主要考察了COD对NH4 -N、NO2--N、NO3--N和TN去除的影响.结果表明:当进水不含COD时,反应器对NH4 -N、NO2--N和NO3--N和TN的去除率分别为12.5%、29.1%、16.1%和16.3%;当COD浓度分别为200mg/L、350mg/L和550mg/L时,反应器对NH4 -N的去除率分别为14.2%、14.2%和23.7%,对NO2--N的去除率均接近100%,对NO3--N的去除率分别为94.5%、86.6%和84.2%,对TN的去除率分别为50.7%、46.9%和50.4%,COD去除率分别为85%、66%和60%.分析发现,在反应初期,氨氮的去除主要通过厌氧氨氧化过程实现,随着反应的进行,反硝化菌活性逐渐提高,传统的反硝化过程占优势.同时还观察到,在反应初期COD对氨氮去除的抑制作用非常明显.图2参21 相似文献
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