吉普骑士——一个当代行者的传奇故事 风尘西征

１９９７年５月１日,我率领由四部北京吉普组成的越野车队,开始了从福州-兰州-乌鲁木齐-库尔勒-阿克苏-喀什-叶城-大红柳滩-界山大坂-阿里-拉萨-林芝-波密-康定-成都-北京的远征。５月１３日中午,在海拔副１５０米的吐鲁番盆地遇上了沙漠风暴。     

1-苯基-2-溴-1-丙酮和3-氧-2-苯基丁腈被列入易制毒化学品品种目录

2014年3月31日,国务院办公厅发布了《关于同意将1-苯基-2-溴-1-丙酮和3-氧-2-苯基丁腈列入易制毒化学品品种目录的函》。该函称,根据《易制毒化学品管理条例》第二条的规定,国务院同意将1-苯基-2-溴-1-丙酮和3-氧-2-苯基丁腈增列入《易制毒化学品管理条例》附表《易制毒化学品的分类和品种目录》中第一类易制毒化学品。     

二次活化活性炭对饮用水中溴酸盐的去除

采用氯化锌对活性炭(AC)进行了二次活化,制得二次活化的活性炭(ZC - AC),对比了ZC - AC和AC对水中溴酸盐(BrO3-)的去除活性,并对ZC - AC的高活性进行了BET、SEM、XRD表征分析,同时考察了ZC - AC的稳定性及反应条件对ZC - AC去除BrO3-的影响.结果表明,ZC-AC对BrO3-的去除活性是AC的6.4倍;ZC - AC重复使用4次后,对BrO3-仍保持了89%的去除率;在BrO3-初始质量浓度为1 000μg/L时ZC- AC达到最大吸附容量,即每克ZC - AC处理8.23mg BrO3-;共存阴离子对ZC - AC去除BrO3-都有抑制作用,其抑制作用从大到小为SO42-、PO43-、NO3-、Cl-、F-、Br-,而含氧酸盐对去除BrO3-有明显的抑制作用,主要是含氧酸盐与BrO3-发生了表面活性位的竞争;溶液的pH值大于10会极大地抑制ZC - AC去除BrO3-.     

WebGIS在作业场所职业危害监管信息系统中的应用

作业场所职业危害监管具有很强的时空特性,将WebGIS应用于作业场所职业危害监管信息系统,可将空间区域信息和职业危害及监管信息相结合,为政府提供方便、快捷、可视化的职业危害监管依据。由于WebGIS系统空间数据量大、服务器过载、网络传输速度慢等问题降低了系统响应速度,限制了在职业危害监管信息系统中的应用。作业场所职业危害监管分为"国家-省级-市级-县级-用人单位"5级逻辑结构,而WebGIS的功能需求分为"国家-省级-市级-县级"4级逻辑结构,笔者将WebGIS的空间数据分为"国家-省级-市级-县级"4级分布式存储,有效地解决了WebGIS的瓶颈问题,提高了系统响应速度,同时也满足作业场所职业危害监管信息系统的功能需求。     

一种新型四齿1,2-HOPO螯合剂的合成、金属配位研究

以6-羟基-2-吡啶羧酸为原料,经5步反应合成得到一种新型四齿β-二酮1,2-羟基吡啶酮衍生物。通过红外、核磁、质谱对其结构进行了表征。采用电位-光谱结合的方法,测定了四齿β-二酮1,2-羟基吡啶酮衍生物与UO2+2、Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Fe~(3+)的络合能力。结果表明,四齿β-二酮1,2-羟基吡啶酮衍生物对UO2+2和Fe3+有明显的络合能力,有望成为一种新型铀酰离子促排剂(p UO2=15.4)和铁螯合剂(p Fe=21.22)。     

跨界水污染事故危害实时判定方法的建立

针对跨界突发性水污染事故特点,基于压力-状态-响应模型(PSR)构建了跨界水污染事故预警指标体系,并确立了各指标的分级标准。采用AHP(层次分析法)-综合模糊评价法建立了事故危害实时判定方法。     

中国地表水流域水环境风险分区方案研究

基于压力-状态-响应模型,利用全国2006—2010年的省级污染物排放数据和生态环境本底矢量数据,构建了以污染风险、容量风险和环境风险敏感度为一级指标项的流域水环境风险分区指标体系。采用层次分析法和等比分级法分别对污染风险和容量风险的二级指标进行了计算,利用GIS对全国环境风险敏感度进行了空间运算,最后系统地分析了我国地表水水环境风险度的分布情况,并依据风险度进行了分区。结果表明,风险从东北向西南呈递减趋势,风险程度从高到低的顺序为东北-东部-南部-西北-西部。该分区方法的结果亦与各地的经济开发程度有较好的相关性。     

基于加速度干扰和AHP的车辆行驶安全性评价模型

关于行驶中的车辆在交通系统各因素作用下的行驶安全性评价,在现有交通系统四大要素的基础上加入车辆行驶状态,构成"人-车-环境-路-车辆行驶状态"5要素。并对各要素评价指标的选定做了细致的筛选,建立了车辆行驶安全性评价指标体系。其中"人-车-环境-路"因素采用打分的形式确定其参数的分值,并利用层次分析法(AHP)计算各参数权重来构建模型的;"车辆行驶状态"因素则是引入加速度干扰的定义,建立基于道路结构的加速度干扰模型。最后,运用层级分析法建立了总的车辆行驶安全评价模型。     

闭环管理模式在隐患排查治理中的应用

通过分析以往隐患排查治理工作中的问题,结合闭环管理的模式,介绍了在中核兰州铀浓缩有限公司应用新的管理方法,通过对隐患排查治理整体流程的管理,形成排查-分析-整改-验收-考核的闭环管理体系。应用这个体系加快了隐患治理的进度,增强了隐患治理的效果,推动了安全管理模式向系统性转变,提升了企业的本质化安全水平。     

巷道放顶煤人-机-环境系统可靠性研究

应用系统可靠性和人 -机工程学理论 ,建立了急倾斜煤层巷道放顶煤人 -机 -环境系统可靠性模型 ,给出了系统可用度和生产能力的计算公式。结合开滦马家沟矿 972 3工作面人 -机-环境系统分析 ,探讨了提高系统可靠性和生产能力的有效途径。理论分析及实例计算结果表明 ,所建立的模型能简便地找出系统的薄弱环节 ,准确预测系统可用度和生产能力 ,从而为指导矿井设计和生产提供科学依据     

Minimum ignition energy of medicinal powder – Florfenicol and Tilmicosin

This work aims to help improve the electrostatic safety design and explosion prevention of medical facilities. In this study, the minimum ignition energies (MIEs) of Florfenicol, Tilmicosin and mixtures of Florfenicol and Tilmicosin at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 1:4 were measured in a Hartmann apparatus. The results demonstrated that the MIEs for Florfenicol, Tilmicosin and mixtures of Florfenicol and Tilmicosin at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 1:4 are 200, 70, 180, 150, 200 and 110 mJ, respectively. Tilmicosin is more sensitive to static electricity, which is more dangerous than the other two powders examined in this paper. Furthermore, the MIEs of the mixtures are proportional to the Florfenicol content. For all powders, the MIE first decreased with the powder mass and later reached its minimum value. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the morphological specificity and thermal decomposition of the powders to elucidate the parameters governing the powder explosions further.     

A longitudinal examination of the work–nonwork boundary strength construct

Many organizations are blurring the boundaries between work and nonwork through practices such as flextime, telecommuting, and on‐site day‐cares. Such integration of work and nonwork is purported to help employees find the seemingly elusive “work‐life balance.” Scholarly investigations of this issue have increased in number, but a standard measure of work–nonwork boundary strength has yet to emerge. The purpose of this research is to explore the boundary strength construct through the process of measure validation. In Study 1, data were collected from students (N = 162) to pilot test the measure. Study 2 was a longitudinal field study in which data were collected from employees of Canadian organizations (Survey 1: N = 793; Matched data for Surveys 1 & 2: N = 205). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the hypothesized two‐factor structure of the work–nonwork boundary strength measure, confirming the importance of differentiating boundary strength at home (BSH) and boundary strength at work (BSW). Longitudinal analyses confirmed the structural invariance of the measure and revealed that boundary strengths are relatively stable over a period of 1 year. Role identification was related to boundary strength at home only. Weak boundaries, both at home and at work, were associated with high inter‐role conflict. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于FDS的居民楼火灾烟气远距离传播过程研究

利用大涡模拟软件FDS对某居民楼火灾发生发展和烟气传播过程进行数值模拟,探讨烟气质量浓度在侧间-走廊建筑的分布情况。在不同房间的目标位置设置探测点,分析烟气质量浓度、CO体积分数分布。结果表明,距离火源位置最远的房间烟气质量浓度、CO体积分数最高且在短时间内达到致死浓度;烟气更容易在最远的房间聚集,在特定的时间段内,始终比其他房间的危险性要高。对于此类居民楼建筑火灾中的人员安全而言,最远端房间的危险性最高,火灾时要着重注意此区域的疏散。此外,在走廊顶棚上间隔适当的距离设置了挡烟垂壁,并且模拟了该工况下烟气质量浓度分布。结果表明,加入挡烟垂壁后走廊的烟气蔓延相对均匀,各个房间烟气质量浓度更为接近,最大烟气质量浓度也有明显降低,从而延缓了整个建筑达到危险状态的时间。     

筒仓和容器中紊流度及粉尘浓度测定

采用ＬＤＡ及特殊粉尘测试系统测定了ＲＭＳ紊流度、流速及粉尘浓度，在标准的１ｍ３容器和１２ｍ３筒仓中进行的实验表明，１２ｍ３筒仓中的粉尘浓度与１ｍ３的数值相同，而１ｍ３容器的ＲＭＳ紊流度竖直分量（经０．６ｓ，ＲＭＳ＝５ｍ／ｓ）比１２ｍ３筒仓的值约高出２．５倍；若采用机械喷粉，则紊流度约高出１０倍。     

Development of conflict techniques for left-turn and cross-traffic at protected left-turn signalized intersections

To design comprehensive traffic safety measures, the risk of the occurrence of traffic accidents must be objectively evaluated. It is difficult, however, to evaluate the effects of traffic measures in terms of the change in the number of traffic accidents, because traffic accidents are unpredictable and rare events. Therefore, this study used a traffic conflict technique to objectively evaluate traffic safety at intersections. In this study, traffic conflicts that occur at the time of a signal violation were differentiated according to type, and a traffic conflict technology was developed that would consider the severity of each type of conflict. To apply this method, traffic images were collected from the Jungja intersection and the Naejung intersection in Sungnam City, Korea and were analyzed using traffic data by means of image procedure technology. The analyses showed that of the four levels of differentiated conflict conditions, the Level 1 condition occurred most often, followed by Level 2, which occurred much less frequently than Level 1. Level 3 (serious conflicts) and Level 4 (dangerous conflicts: accidents) conditions were not detected.     

A Comparison of Skin Temperatures and Clothing Microclimate During Moderate Intermittent Exercise in the Cold Between One and Two Layers of Cotton and Polypropylene Underwear

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 kinds of underwear made from hydrophobic and hydrophilic fabrics on the mean skin temperatures and clothing microclimate (temperature, humidity) in participants performing intermittent exercise in cold environmental conditions.

One or 2 layers of cotton underwear (C1, C2) with a 2-piece long-sleeved shirt and long-legged trousers, and 1 or 2 layers of polypropylene underwear (P1, P2) with a 2-piece long-sleeved shirt and long-legged trousers were used as experimental underwear. In addition, the participants wore a 2-piece ski suit as 100% polyester clothing including 100% polyester padding. Ten young adult females volunteered as participants. The experiments were performed in a climatic chamber at an ambient temperature (T_a) of 0°C and an air velocity of 0.26 m s^?1.

The major findings are summarized as follows: (a) Although the clothing microclimate humidity was not different within the ski suit of outer clothing between C1 and P1, it was significantly higher in P2 than in C2; (b) Clothing microclimate temperature inside the ski suit did not differ between C1 and P1, whereas it was significantly higher in P2 than in C2; (c) The thermal gradient between innermost and outermost of clothing microclimate at back level did not show any difference between C1 and P1, but it was significantly higher in C2 than in P2. These results are discussed in terms of thermal physiology and clothing sciences.     

Experimental flammability limits and associated theoretical flame temperatures as a tool for predicting the temperature dependence of these limits

The utility and limitations of adiabatic flame temperature calculations and minimum mixture energies in predicting the temperature dependence of flammability limits are explored. The limiting flame temperatures at constant pressure (1 bar) are calculated using a standard widely-used thermodynamic computer program. The computation is based on the calculated limiting flame temperature value at the reference initial temperature and the experimental limit concentration. The values recently determined in large chambers for the lower and upper flammability limits of a variety of simple organic and inorganic gases (methane, ethylene, dimethy lether, and carbon monoxide) are used as the basis for the predictions of the limiting flame temperature concept. Such thermodynamic calculations are compared with more traditional ones based on a limiting mixture energy and a constant average heat capacity of the reactant mixture. The advantages and limitations of the methods are discussed in this paper.     

L型挡烟垂壁的防烟效果研究

为研究L型挡烟垂壁的最佳挡烟效果,采用FDS模拟了20种工况,对L型挡烟垂壁的两个关键参数,即挡烟垂壁的下部延伸长度和排烟口到挡烟垂壁之间的距离进行研究。在不增加排烟量的前提下,比较不同的挡烟垂壁下部延伸长度和排烟口到挡烟垂壁之间的距离的防烟效果。由各种模式下的模拟结果可知,最佳工况为工况15,即下部延伸长度为0.9 m,排烟口到挡烟垂壁之间的距离为1.5 m,在此工况下走廊在人眼特征高度处的烟气温度始终处于安全范围内。对比相同条件下的传统挡烟垂壁即工况3,工况15可以减少40%的热量进入前室。     

Integration of safety instrumented system with automated HAZOP analysis: An application for continuous biodiesel production

Integration of a human-machine interface (HMI) with hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis is proposed in this work. This concept can potentially lead to the identification of some unexpected deviations, and radically decreases the time necessary for hazard identification. A continuous biodiesel production was simulated. This can be divided into two cases, covering both conventional and reactive distillation. Soybean oil (trioleic, trilinoleic and tripalmitic) at 1000 kg/h as raw material is converted to 99 wt% pure biodiesel. The HMI was designed to improve these processes by combining automatic HAZOP analysis. With this approach, users can receive sufficient information from the simulation to analyze the optimum operation and safety. Severity levels are also provided to classify the actions in the process. Severity levels 1 and 2 are concerned with operating conditions, which are 58-64 °C, and 50-150 kPa. If the analysis shows severity level 3, the safety instrumented system (SIS) will automatically manage the operation in order to reduce/restrain the amount of damage at this level. This proposed system could minimize the damage and also improve the overall quality of the process.     

Antecedents of injury among youth in agricultural settings: a longitudinal examination of safety consciousness,dangerous risk taking,and safety knowledge

PROBLEM: Injuries are the leading cause of death for adolescents in the United States. METHODS: This study longitudinally examined three psychological mediators of injury among 3,081 youths in agricultural settings: (a) safety consciousness, (b) dangerous risk taking, and (c) safety knowledge. These variables are examined within a nomological network of contextual variables. RESULTS: Cross-sectional results revealed that safety consciousness and dangerous risk taking were the strongest predictors of reported injury at Time 1 and Time 2. Safety knowledge had an unexpected negative association with injury, albeit weak. As predicted, participating in safety activities was positively associated with safety consciousness, and time spent working was strongly associated with safety knowledge. Furthermore, self-esteem had both positive and negative safety outcomes, suggesting a more complex functioning. Males exhibited fewer safety cognitions than females as predicted. Longitudinal data also revealed that injury at Time 1 and dangerous risk taking were the strongest predictors of Time 2 injury. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Results from this study emphasize the importance of assessing dangerous risk-taking perceptions when attempting to predict future injuries.