红檵木及其中小型桩景速成制作技艺综述

为开发利用湖南乡土红檵木树种资源，本文从种质资源与观赏习性、桩材来源、造型制作技术、养护与管理等5个方面，全面论述了红檵木中小型树桩盆景生产制作现状，探讨了一些值得关注的实际问题．     

加拿大大西洋沿岸鱼废物处置

加拿大大西洋省份（新不伦瑞克,新斯科舍,爱德华太子岛和纽芬兰）的渔业包括大约500家鱼加工厂,其中一些是北美最大的。鱼加工产生巨大数量的鱼废物。鱼加工厂的液体废物（废水）经过物理和化学处理后排入受纳水体。它们含有BOD高的有机负荷、悬浮固体、油和病原菌,可能污染贝类生长区。固体鱼废物（下等鱼、弃肉等）进行填埋处置,倒入海中或制成鱼粉。与这些做法有关的问题包括鱼废物堆放不雅观和恶臭。 加拿大农业部、渔业与海洋部、加拿大环境部和加拿大高等院校开展了几项合作研究,以评价鱼废物处置问题并探讨环境安全和经济可行的替代方法。已确定用两种方法,即鱼青饲料制作法和鱼堆肥法,把鱼废物转换成不危害海洋生境的可用产品。     

白盆珠水库库区坡面径流侵蚀规律初步研究

在对白盆珠水库库区开展水土流失实地调查的基础上,选择库区典型的侵蚀地貌类型与植被类型进行降雨-径流-产沙规律的初步研究.通过6个径流小区试验对比,分析了在不同植被条件下产流、产沙的差异,结果表明缺乏地表草本植被的纯飞播造林的水土保持效益十分有限;库区降雨径流产沙是白盆珠水库淤积的重要来源.     

水体富营养化评价和防治的一些进展

本文综述了近年来水体富营养化评价的一些进展,其中包括模型制作、营养和生物指数的应用。同时,提出了一些防治水体富营养化的新措施。富营养化的综合评价和综合治理是当前的主要趋势。     

五倍子废渣在土壤中分解对玉米生长和结实的影响

采用盆栽试验,探讨不同添加量五倍子(Galla chinensis)加工没食子酸废渣(简称五倍子废渣)在土壤中分解对玉米(Zea mays)生长和结实的影响.实验设置T1(125 g/盆)、T2(250 g/盆)、T3(375 g/盆)、T4(500 g/盆)和T5(625 g/盆)5个添加水平,以不添加废渣为对照(CK),每盆土壤8 kg.出苗后统计发芽率和存活率,每15 d测定株高、地径,出苗30 d后,每15 d测定抗性生理指标.结果表明:(1)低剂量五倍子废渣在分解过程中未显著抑制玉米种子的发芽率和存活率,仅T4-T5处理下发芽率和存活率显著降低;(2)在添加废渣初期(45 d内),各处理对玉米株高和地径的抑制作用随处理剂量增加而增强,到中期(50-75 d)时,高剂量处理(T3-T5)对玉米株高和地径的影响由抑制转为促进;(3)五倍子废渣在土壤中分解显著延长了玉米的抽穗期,且延长程度与处理剂量呈正相关,各处理抽雄分别较CK推迟了3 d、5 d、9 d、10 d和12 d,抽丝分别推迟了4 d、7 d、8 d、13 d和16 d;(4)低剂量处理(T1-T3)玉米穗重、穗籽粒重、出籽率、穗长及其穗籽粒数较CK均不显著,穗长较CK降低0.27-0.7 cm;高剂量(T4-T5)处理对这5项指标的抑制作用明显,相较于CK,穗重减少18.12%和58.01%,穗籽粒重减少21.29%和74.47%,出籽率减少3.74%和53.40%,T5处理穗籽粒数减少66.41%.综上表明,在低剂量(T1、T2和T3)处理下五倍子废渣对玉米的生长影响不显著,而高剂量处理(T4-T5)则产生了显著的抑制作用;建议在生产实践中,五倍子废渣还田量宜控制在3 000 kg/亩(45 000 kg/hm~2)以下,不会影响玉米的产量.     

多媒体CAI课件常用素材文件的格式

在制作多媒体CAI课件中,常常会用到一些文件格式,如图象文件格式、声音文件格式及动态视频、动画文件格式.本文就是针对以上格式的性能、特点、使用、范围分别加以阐释.     

可持续食品生产的一种全寿命思路

可持续性问题涉及整个食品生产与供应链,从食品生产和加工到包装、流通和最终消费.其中每个步骤都涉及资源投入和废物与排放物的产生.本文探讨了一些可以通过提高资源效率、技术应用、消费者教育、和更深入了解消费者需求而使食品生产与消费变得更可持续的途径.它也考察了食品业正在如何回应这些挑战.     

可持续食品生产的一种全寿命思路

可持续性问题涉及整个食品生产与供应链 ,从食品生产和加工到包装、流通和最终消费 .其中每个步骤都涉及资源投入和废物与排放物的产生 .本文探讨了一些可以通过提高资源效率、技术应用、消费者教育、和更深入了解消费者需求而使食品生产与消费变得更可持续的途径 .它也考察了食品业正在如何回应这些挑战 .     

可生物降解塑料包装的研究和应用

塑料包装废弃物当今已成为影响环境的一个重要因素.如何处理这些塑料废物,是环境管理部门的最棘手的问题之一.当前正在研究开发的可生物降解塑料及包装薄膜技术大致如下:(1)用谷物或谷物淀粉基制作;(2)用小麦淀粉基或大米淀粉基材料;(3)用贝壳加工成脱乙酰壳多糖作原料;(4)采用糖类发酵来生产;(5)将谷物投入乳酸中发酵,聚合成聚乳酸聚酯树脂作原料;(6)用角叉菜胶多糖结合;(7)用棕榈油萃取物制作;(8)以可食用水溶性聚合物水溶性多糖制作;(9)采用上述技术的混杂方式制造.     

可持续食品生产的一种全寿命思路

可持续性问题涉及整个食品生产与供应链,从食品生产和加工到包装、流通和最终消费.其中每个步骤都涉及资源投入和废物与排放物的产生.本文探讨了一些可以通过提高资源效率、技术应用、消费者教育、和更深入了解消费者需求而使食品生产与消费变得更可持续的途径.它也考察了食品业正在如何回应这些挑战.     

Influence of manufacturing process on the residues of certain fungicides used on tea

Green tea shoots which were sprayed with fungicides such as hexaconazole, propiconazole, carbendazim, and tridemorph were collected from tea bushes after 24 h of fungicide application to study the effect of manufacturing process on the residues. Significant loss of residues was noted at each stage of the manufacturing process. The total loss in residues upon manufacturing of these fungicides ranged from 12.20% to 57.14%. Among the various influential factors that determine the loss of residues, vapor pressure of the fungicides was most prominent in the contribution to residue loss. A high vapor pressure of the fungicide tridemorph amounted to a residue loss of 57.14%, while the low vapor pressure of the other three fungicides caused a loss of less than 22.22%.     

汽车制造行业清洁生产分析方法及实例分析

以天津丰田汽车项目为例，从生产工艺先进性、能源与资源利用合理性、产品清洁性等方面对汽车制造行业清洁生产进行分析。根据有关资料，介绍国内及国际汽车工业涂装漆现状及发展趋势，进而说明汽车制造行业实行清洁生产的必要性。     

Factors for implementing end-of-life product reverse logistics in the Chinese manufacturing sector

Dedicated, skilled and relatively cheap manpower coupled with efficient manufacturing techniques has elevated China’s status as the world’s factory. China is now capable of producing virtually any product, from cheap toys to some of the most sophisticated goods and equipment. The resultant economic benefits and associated enormous consumption due to rise in per capita income are accompanied by an equally unprecedented negative environmental impact arising from the huge increase of end-of-life (EoL) products. This study aims to understand and prioritise EoL product reverse logistics (RL) factors from Chinese manufacturing sector perspective. Multiple case studies in five different industries within the manufacturing sector have been carried out and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been employed to prioritise the governing factors for the successful RL implementation in the Chinese manufacturing sector. Results indicate that Chinese firms are unlikely to embark on RL operations without external factors such as strict government legislation.     

大气中多环芳烃的来源及采样方式的研究

本文对大气中多环芳烃的来源进行了调查的基础上,对燃源,交通源,等采产方式进行了综述,评价了各种采样方式的优缺点,从而造反我环芳烃污染源解析的采样方式。     

A framework of enabler’s relationship for implementation of green manufacturing in Indian context

This study aims to recognize and select the appropriate strategy for implementing green manufacturing (GM) in Indian manufacturing industry by developing an instrument which could measure the progress of an organization towards the GM philosophy. This study identifies and analyses the key enablers behind the successful achievement of environmental sustainability in Indian manufacturing industry. Based on extensive literature review and discussions with experts, the critical success factors (CSFs) of GM have been identified. After examining the internal consistency of enablers, weightage is identified for finalizing the priority by analytical hierarchical process (AHP). The pairwise comparison method of AHP identified that top management commitment, green procurement practices and societal concern for protection of natural environment art the most important enablers, and competitiveness and availability of clean technology have comparatively less importance for the studied manufacturing industries. The purpose of this paper is to rank the enablers on identified weightage and develop the framework for offering the useful insights and guides about how industries should link CSFs of GM to improve the environmental and operational performance.     

Influence of eco-innovation on Indian manufacturing sector sustainable performance

Manufacturing firms are striving to improve their sustainable performance in order to satisfy multiple stakeholders. Eco-innovation is a promising approach that decreases environmental impact and helps firms to increase their business value. There are several antecedents which help the firms to innovate and improve their triple bottom line performance. Among the antecedents, management and innovative practices are directly related to eco-innovation. It is not well known what practices and innovations help the firms to eco-innovate as well as to improve sustainable performance. Hence, the research objective of this paper is to identify the suitable combination of management and innovative practices that help firms to eco-innovate as well as to achieve overall sustainable performance. The paper develops an eco-innovation conceptual model which relates the management and innovative practices (antecedents) and overall sustainable performance (consequences) of eco-innovation using institutional theory. Using Indian manufacturing sector’s empirical data and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach, this paper determines the effect of eco-innovation’s antecedents and consequences. In the Indian context, this study suggests that the role of management practice is more significant towards eco-innovation than innovative practices. The results reflect practitioners’ view on how to increase innovation rate and to focus more on social aspects. The finding suggests that training on environmental related practices could tackle innovation and social aspects in the Indian manufacturing sector context.     

水、土环境中锑污染与控制研究进展

随着工业的发展,锑作为一种具有潜在毒性和致癌性的类金属元素,已经较为广泛地存在于水体和土壤环境中,显现出不可忽视的环境问题,并引起国际科学界的高度关注。文章综述了锑在水体和土壤环境中的污染现状、化学行为形态以及污染控制方面的研究进展。由采矿业、制造业带来的锑水土污染问题较为突出,目前的处理处置方法难以满足需求。今后需要在锑的水土环境化学方面加强研究,探讨锑的迁移转化规律;高效吸附材料的开发制备也是一个重要内容;植物组合修复土壤中的锑污染将是一个重要的突破口。     

Pollution havens and industrial agglomeration

This paper examines the pollution haven hypothesis using a spatial-economy model of two countries and two sectors. The manufacturing sector generates cross-border pollution which reduces cross-sectoral productivity of agricultural goods, and lowers local income. We derive a demand-reducing effect that discourages firms to move to the country with laxer environmental regulations, in the absence of any comparative advantage. Our analysis also demonstrates that manufacturing agglomeration forces can alleviate the pollution-haven effect: a pollution haven may not arise if environmental regulation is slightly more stringent in the larger country.     

浅谈我国企业成本会计的发展趋势和对策

随着现代企业制度的建立和健全,目前企业成本会计正经历着前所未有的变化.市场竞争,归根到底是产品的成本与质量之间的竞争.就成本会计正经历着前所未有的变化,分析当前新制造环境对成本会计的冲击、管理理论与方法的创新对成本会计的影响;并就成本会计如何顺应国际国内市场环境及企业生产环境的变化提出了相应的对策.参4.