裂褶菌漆酶的酶学性质及对造纸废水深度处理研究

为了确定裂褶菌漆酶深度处理造纸废水工艺,对酶最适反应温度、p H值、酶的热稳定性等酶学性质,以及深度处理造纸废水的主要影响因素:处理温度、p H、酶与介体HBT用量和处理时间进行了研究。结果表明:裂褶菌漆酶最适p H为4.5,在p H 3.5~5.5之间酶稳定性良好,最适反应温度为70℃,使用温度不要超过60℃,以40~50℃为最佳;裂褶菌漆酶能对造纸废水进行有效处理,当处理温度50℃,p H 5.5,酶用量40 U/m L,HBT用量6 mg/L,处理4 h后,废水中木素、色度与COD的降解率分别达到了77.5%、81.1%与61.1%。     

漆酶去除造纸废水中木素及多酚类化合物应用

漆酶是一种多酚氧化酶,参与木素的降解或聚合,具有氧化木素的能力。制浆造纸废水中含有大量的木素衍生物及多酚类化合物,这些化合物中有许多物质有较大毒性的,这给废水的生物处理带来了不利影响。木素和多酚类化合物又是废水COD、BOD及色度的主要来源。在漆酶的存在下曝气,可使此类化合物聚合或降解,进而通过絮凝沉淀或深度氧化除去。文章综述了近年来漆酶在制浆造纸废水处理中的应用与研究现状。     

制革含硫废水脱硫的预处理

通过催化氧化法和化学混凝法预处理制革含硫废水的脱硫探索试验,发现单一催化氧化法的曝气时间太长;单一化学混凝法,处理后出水不能符合后续生物处理含硫<40mg/L的容许浓度。为此,提出了催化剂投加量为100～200mg(Mn~(2+)/L(废水)、催化曝气1h、续加混凝剂聚合铁1.5mg/L的催化氧化—化学混凝法,处理含硫浓度100～200mg/L的废水,硫化物去除率达90％以上,出水含硫<40mg/L。     

利用粉煤灰处理造纸中段废水的实验研究

采用保定热电厂粉煤灰处理某小型造纸厂中段废水,考察了粉煤灰处理造纸中段废水的效果,结果表明废水pH值为12、灰水接触时间为2h、原水COD(浓度为1200mg/L)稀释3、水灰比15:1、粉煤灰粒径71～100μm,粉煤灰含碳量为15%时,造纸中段废水中COD的去除率可达到76.2%～89.7%.     

处理秸秆纤维素乙醇废水的东北土著白腐真菌筛选及特性研究

为了提高秸秆纤维素乙醇废水的处理效果,选择6种东北土著白腐真菌,对2%的秸秆纤维素乙醇废水中木质素进行降解处理.采用正交试验法对筛选出的高效降解菌进行产漆酶培养基的优化.结果表明:6种白腐真菌最高酶活大小顺序为青顶拟多孔菌>血红密孔菌>糙皮侧耳菌>彩绒革盖菌>烟色烟管菌>灵芝;血红密孔菌、糙皮侧耳菌、彩绒革盖菌、青顶拟多孔菌、灵芝、烟色烟管菌在第0天起始质量浓度为640.9~716.6 mg/L,在第14天木质素的质量浓度分别为434.0、411.2、441.8、441.7、533.3、503.5 mg/L,对木质素的去除率分别为37.1%、37.0%、31.8%、31.7%、25.6%、21.4%,并分别在第12、12、4、4、2、6天木质素降解趋于平稳,表明降解效果最好的菌种为血红密孔菌.血红密孔菌产漆酶培养基最优组合方案:最佳碳源为锯末,质量浓度为35 g/L;最佳氮源为蛋白胨,质量浓度为4 g/L;最佳pH为5.极差分析表明,各因素对血红密孔菌产漆酶的影响顺序为碳源>氮源> pH >氮源质量浓度>碳源质量浓度.在最佳培养基条件下,废水中木质素降解率达41.1%.研究显示,血红密孔菌可以作为生物法处理秸秆纤维素乙醇废水的菌种资源,也可为今后的进一步应用研究提供科学依据.      

固定化漆酶深度处理麦草浆造纸废水的研究

以海藻酸钠固定化漆酶,利用固定化漆酶处理造纸废水,采用单因素试验方法确定各个因素对废水处理效果的影响。采用正交试验设计方法,对固定化漆酶处理造纸废水的适应条件进行优化研究,得到最佳反应条件为:pH值为4,反应时间为24h,摇床转速为160r/min,反应温度为40℃。在最佳反应条件下,固定化漆酶对造纸废水的色度去除率在70%以上,对COD的去除率均在65%以上。     

焦化废水中降解酚优势菌漆酶活性研究

本实验选取哈依煤气反应器内的活性污泥沉降物作为菌源,以邻甲基酚做为唯一碳源,分离纯化得菌株Enterobacter sp.j11,测定酚浓度、温度、pH值及同酚浓度下的时间变化对于菌株产漆酶活性的影响。结果表明：温度35℃～40℃、pH6.5～7.5、酚800 mg/L条件下菌株生长状态佳,酶活性高;酚浓度一定800 mg/L时,测定了24 h内漆酶随时间的变化,得知菌株8 h后即适应高酚条件。说明该菌株适应能力强、产漆酶稳定。     

漆酶催化氧化废水中17α-乙炔基雌二醇

用漆酶催化氧化法处理废水中的17α-乙炔基雌二醇(简称EE2)。考察了温度、pH值、起始底物浓度、起始漆酶浓度和助催化剂等因素对EE2去除率的影响。实验结果表明漆酶能有效催化氧化废水中的EE2,适宜的反应条件为:温度35℃,pH值5.38,漆酶与EE2起始浓度之比宜大于0.178 U/μmol,反应180 min,EE2的去除率大于92%。其他反应条件一定,EE2起始浓度在0.017 1-0.051 3mmol/L之间,EE2去除率随其浓度升高而缓慢下降,但去除量逐渐升高;EE2起始浓度在0.051 3~0.137 6 mmol/L之间,EE2的去除率和去除量都显著降低。磁力搅拌和助催化剂ABTS都能显著加快反应速度,提高EE2去除率。     

优势菌强化印染废水脱色及污染物降解研究

以曝气生物滤池为核心工艺研究优势菌强化印染废水脱色及污染物降解。从印染废水处理厂活性污泥中分离得到染料脱色菌15株、苯胺降解菌2株、印染助剂降解菌10株。试验进水平均色度为400倍,平均COD浓度为1295mg/L,厌氧段以组合填料为载体,水力停留时间10h,菌种投加量为0.2%;好氧段以煤渣填料为载体,水力停留时间25h,菌种投加量为0.1%。结果表明:系统连续进出水一周以后出水COD浓度稳定在130¹10mg/L,平均浓度为118 mg/L,去除率90.9%;出水色度在40倍左右,去除率90%;出水苯胺浓度低于4mg/L。     

废纸造纸废水有机污染物的降解研究

采用同时厌氧-好氧反应器处理广东某造纸厂废纸造纸废水,平均出水浓度COD为89.70mg/L,VFA为0.89mg/L,达到了GB3544-2001《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》。同时选用GC-MS联用仪对废纸造纸废水中的有机物进行测定,共测得有机污染物89种,其中8种有机污染物被列入美国EPA环境优先控制污染物,在进水的50种有机物中,32种有机物被完全去除。通过分析有机污染物在各工艺段的分布情况,揭示其在厌氧-好氧生物处理过程中的降解与转化规律。     

堆肥过程中木质素的降解机理及影响因素研究进展

农作物秸秆中的木质素作为自然界中含量丰富的高分子芳香族化合物,结构复杂,微生物难以降解,因此农业废弃物堆肥技术中,木质素的降解利用备受关注。研究表明:木质素是由结构单元通过碳碳键和醚键联接聚合而成,结构稳定。已有堆肥实验证明,木质素的微生物降解过程中真菌占主导地位,其分泌的漆酶、锰过氧化物酶和木质素过氧化物酶等以H₂O₂或O₂作为电子受体,能够使联接键断裂,使芳香烃结构去甲基化。多酚或酚类衍生物产物与氨基酸聚合,并进一步缩聚为腐殖质,用作土壤改良质还田。在实验室及自然条件下,大多数真菌对木质素的降解周期较长为30~60 d,降解率为20%~50%,其降解过程依赖于培养条件,特别在中温35~45℃和偏酸性条件下更利于木质素的降解。微生物代谢过程中存在最佳碳氮补充量,并且可以利用微量Mn2+、Cu2+诱导剂等提高木质素降解酶活性,这为调控堆肥过程木质素的降解和人工腐质化提供了重要的研究方向。     

Isolation of a salt tolerant laccase secreting strain of Trichoderma sp. NFCCI-2745 and optimization of culture conditions and assessing its effectiveness in treating saline phenolic effluents

Most of the hazardous pollutants are phenolic in nature and persists in the environment. The ability of laccases to oxidize phenolic compounds and reduce molecular oxygen to water has led to intensive studies of these enzymes. Therefore the fungal strains with high laccase activity and substrate affinity that can tolerate harsh environmental conditions have a potential for biotechnological applications. Salt tolerant laccase secreting fungi can be utilized in treatment of saline and phenolic rich industrial effluents such as coir effluent and textile effluent that needed to be diluted several fold before microbial treatment. This is the first study describing the isolation and optimization of a salt tolerant strain of Trichoderma sp. potential for industrial applications. The fungus was identified based on morphological characteristics and was subsequently confirmed with molecular techniques and deposited at National Fungal Culture Collections of India （NFCCI） under the Accession No. Trichoderma viride NFCCI 2745. In contrast to other laccase secreting fungi, light conditions did not exert much influence on laccase production of this strain and salinity enhanced its laccase secretion. The fungus effectively removed the phenolic content of the textile effluent, coir-ret liquor and wood processing effluent within 96 hr of incubation. The tolerance of the fungus to high salinity and phenolic compounds makes this strain ideal for treating saline and phenolic rich industrial effluents.     

细菌降解木质素的研究进展

细菌是自然界中降解木质素的主要作用者之一,能够产生木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、漆酶等参与木质素降解的生物催化剂,通过改性、增溶等作用降解木质素为低分子量的聚合木素片断。就细菌在木质素降解中的作用、微观过程、作用机理以及生物学、生理学方面来概述细菌降解木质素的研究进展。     

细菌降解木质素的研究进照

细菌是自然界中降解木质素的主要作用者之一,能够产生木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、漆酶等参与木质素降解的生物催化剂,通过改性、增溶等作用降解木质素为低分子量的聚合木素片断.就细菌在木质素降解中的作用、微观过程、作用机理以及生物学、生理学方面来概述细菌降解木质素的研究进展.     

Cooperation between ligninolytic enzymes produced by superior mixed flora

Since the ability to degrade lignin with one kind of white-rot fungi or bacteria was very limited, superior mixed flora‘s ability to degrade lignin was investigated by an orthogonal experiment in this paper. The results showed that superior mixed flora reinforced the ability to degrade lignin, the degradation rates of both sample 9 and 10 were beyond 80% on the day 9. The cooperation between lignin peroxidase(LiP), Mn-dependent peroxidase(MnP) and laccase (Lac) for lignin degradation was also studied. By examining the activities of three enzymes produced by superior mixed flora, it was found that Lac was a key enzyme in the process of biological degradation of lignin but Lip was not; the enzyme activity ratios of Lac/MnP and Lac/LiP were significantly correlative with the degradation rate of lignin at the 0.01 level; and the ratio of MnP/LiP was an important factor affecting the degradation rate of lignin.     

Effects of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 on the laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol A

The laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solutions was studied in the absence and presence of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. It was found that the addition of Triton X-100 into the reaction system increased the conversion of BPA, especially near the critical micelle concentration of Triton X-100. Also it was found that the stability of laccase was greatly improved in the presence of TritonX-100. Studies on the endogenous fluorescence emission of laccase indicated that there existed an interaction between Triton X-100 and laccase, which was beneficial to folding and stabilizating of laccase. The binding of Triton X-100 to the laccase surface also mitigated the inactivation e ect caused by the free radicals and polymerization products. Under otherwise identical conditions, a lower dosage of laccase was needed for the higher conversion of BPA in the presence of Triton X-100.     

简青霉Penicillium simplicissimum木质素降解能力

从土壤中分离得到一株真菌经鉴定为简青霉Penicillium simplicissimum,将该菌用于木质素类化合物利用、染料脱色、天然木素降解及产酶特性等研究,充分证实该菌具有木质素降解能力.简青霉降解木质素是木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)、漆酶(Lac)和木聚糖酶共同作用的结果,降解主要发生在LiP与木聚糖酶活高产的初级代谢阶段,与白腐真菌表现出不同的作用机制.25d培养可使稻草木质素绝对量损失0.23g,降解率达14.94%,同时纤维素、半纤维素也有较高程度的降解.而pH值、Cu²⁺和Mn²⁺浓度对木质素的降解有较大影响.     

木质素降解酶研究进展与外生菌根真菌

综述了木质素降解酶系统的组成、分子生物学研究和主要影响因子的研究进展,以及国内外在外生菌根真菌产木质素降解酶方面的研究,阐述了其在有机污染土壤修复中的优势。木质素降解酶系统能够降解多环芳烃、氯代芳烃、硝基有机物和染料等多种环境污染物。许多外生菌根真菌都具有木质素降解酶系统。     

Deployment of Trichoderma harzianum WL1 laccase in pulp bleaching and paper industry effluent treatment

The ability of Trichoderma harzianum WL1 crude laccase and the fungal system for the biobleaching of wastepaper pulp and treatment of paper industry effluent was investigated. Three different modes of treatment, enzyme, enzyme-alkali and enzyme-EDED were employed for the bleaching of wastepaper pulp. The process parameters such as treatment period, pulp consistency, temperature and enzyme charge had a great influence on the quality of paper pulp. The paper industry effluent was subjected to eight different treatments via. aerobic, anaerobic, fungal and combination of these treatments. Fungal followed by anaerobic treatment was found to be effective in paper industry effluent treatment.