海洋命运共同体视野下 海洋生态环境法治体系的构建

海洋是人类生存和发展的重要空间,构建海洋命运共同体是"构建人类命运共同体"理念在海洋领域的延展,是新时代海洋事业发展的实际需求。近年来,海洋生态环境面临严峻挑战,海洋生态环境治理的有效性基础在于构建海洋生态环境法治体系,需要在海洋命运共同体理念的指引下,在体现环境正义、可持续发展、生态原则等基础上,从立法体系、执法体系、司法制度与体系、守法体系四个角度推进和完善。     

习近平人类命运共同体思想的来源探析

习近平人类命运共同体思想是为解决人类发展的难题而提出的中国方案。中华优秀传统文化、马克思主义理论、对全球性问题的理论反思是其提出的三大重要来源。中华优秀传统文化中的天下观、仁爱观、大同观是人类命运共同体思想的重要文化渊源。马克思主义理论中的"真正的共同体"思想、社会有机体思想、世界历史理论是人类命运共同体思想的重要理论渊源。全球性问题严峻、全球化深入发展、西方文明范式出现困境是人类命运共同体思想的现实考量。人类命运共同体思想吸取中西文化之长,又立足世界发展的现实,充分显示了中国方案在解决世界发展走向问题上的价值。     

新时代中国参与和引领全球气候治理若干问题的思考

全球气候变化已成为21世纪人类共同面临的最重大的环境与发展挑战,应对气候变化是当前乃至今后相当长时期内实现全球可持续发展的核心任务,而且直接影响到发展中国家的现代化进程。《巴黎协定》的达成、签署和生效为全球气候治理注入新动力,在新时代中国要更好地参与、贡献和引领全球生态文明建设,推动和引导建立公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系,这需要我们深刻领会习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,特别是生态文明思想、经济思想和外交思想,准确分析全球气候治理新形势和新特征,为共同合作解决气候变化问题贡献中国智慧、中国方案和中国故事,彰显我国负责任的大国形象,推动构建人类命运共同体。     

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界意义

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是十八大以来以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹国内国际两个大局的实践基础上形成的,包含着洞察新时代特征和世界大势的丰富思想内容。毫无疑问,解决中国自身在发展过程中所面临的诸多难题成为其重要旨归,但在社会主义建设过程中所遇到的诸多问题,绝非我国所独有,有些甚至是全人类所面临的共性问题,所以解决中国问题与应对全球性挑战又紧密相连。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想顺应互联互通的世界大势,具有重大的世界意义,能为推动构建人类命运共同体提供思想价值,为世界发展作出更大贡献,为破解全球治理难题贡献中国智慧,为发展中国家实现现代化拓宽途径,为各国文明的交流互鉴提供纽带。     

探析新时代推动绿色"一带一路"新路径

"一带一路"倡议是中国在新的历史时期提出的有关全球治理的重大举措,自2013年提出以来,得到了国际社会的积极评价和响应,对于构建人类命运共同体有着重要意义.共建绿色"一带一路"、推动与沿线国家的生态环保合作,是"一带一路"倡议的重要内容,也是树立负责任大国形象的重要体现,实现增信释疑、互利共赢、加强中国对外关系的重要载...     

共建绿色“一带一路” 打造人类绿色命运共同体实践平台

经过六年实践,共建"一带一路"已经成为全球广受欢迎的公共产品和推动构建人类命运共同体的重要实践平台。绿色是"一带一路"建设的底色,中国始终秉持绿色发展理念,提出建设绿色"一带一路"的顶层设计,与共建国家积极开展政策对话、信息共享、技术交流和能力建设等活动,在多个领域取得积极进展,推动共建国家共同落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程。推动绿色"一带一路"走实走深,要坚持将绿色理念和可持续发展目标落到实处,主动运筹、积极作为、不忘底色,打造人类绿色命运共同体实践平台,为世界推动可持续发展提供中国方案。     

国家重点保护野生动植物数量稳中有升我国自然资源退化趋势正在扭转

<正>10月25日,在首届世界生态系统治理论坛开幕式上,国家林业局局长张建龙表示,我国正在扭转自然资源减少和退化的趋势,今后,将更加注重自然生态系统保护,全面保护天然林、湿地和野生动植物.他倡议:"我们应当树立生态命运共同体的发展理念,健全全球生态系统治理体系,推进治理能力现代化,搭建互动平台,促进国际合作."本次论坛由世界自然保护联盟、国家林业局、北京市政府和亚太森林组织共同主办,论坛将围绕"生态系统对     

构建海洋命运共同体理念下海洋塑料污染国际法律规制的完善

海洋塑料污染是国际社会共同面临的重大全球环境问题之一。关于海洋塑料污染规制的国际法包括《联合国海洋法公约》等国际条约以及相关国际软法与区域机制。但现有相关国际规则呈现碎片化特征,在专门立法与陆源海洋塑料污染规制等方面存在空白,在实施和遵约方面也存在困境。海洋塑料污染国际法律规制面临的困境需要通过加强国际合作与协调、推动相关国际立法以及促进相关规则的实施与各国的遵约来破解。在构建海洋命运共同体理念下,我国应积极参与和推动海洋塑料污染国际法律规制的完善,提升我国参与全球海洋治理的话语权。     

环境外交:全球环境治理的中国角色

全球环境治理在国际事务的紧迫性日益上升,环境外交在各国外交布局中重要性日益上升。改革开放40年来,特别是中共十八大以来,中国全面参与全球环境治理,发挥了大国性、变革性和引领性作用,成为全球生态文明建设的重要参与者、贡献者和引领者。中国理念、中国方案和中国角色日益走向全球环境治理舞台的中央,特别是伴随着"一带一路"倡议、人类命运共同体的积极推进,中国将在全球环境治理中发挥更加重要的角色,推动全球环境治理朝着更加公平合理、合作共赢的方向发展。进入新时代的中国特色大国外交,在习近平外交思想和习近平生态文明思想的指导下,环境外交和全球环境治理将会展现更加广阔的前景。     

全球环境治理中的环境智库:国际情况与中国方案

全球环境问题日益严峻,当代全球环境治理正处于加速发展的过程,是一场知识范式和治理转型的变革,环境智库日益走近全球环境治理舞台中央,持续为全球环境治理做出新贡献。通过研究《全球智库报告》及具体环境智库的情况,全球总共95家知名环境智库纳入榜单,美国和德国环境智库占据领导地位。环境智库是全球环境治理的纽带,是环境治理国际话语权、领导力和国际形象的组成部分,也是推动全球环境治理进程的重要力量。中国环境智库数量和质量不断提升,但在专业性、国际性和影响力方面存在短板。在共建"一带一路"、落实2030年可持续发展议程和全球环境治理持续变革的新形势下,需要加强中国特色新型环境智库建设,充分发挥自身特色和优势,找准切入点、结合点、着力点,让中国环境智库在全球环境治理进程中发挥应有的作用,提高中国在全球环境治理中的引领者地位,为人类命运共同体做出新的更大贡献。     

Self-Injection of a Dipteran Parasitoid into a Spider

 A host invasion strategy hitherto unknown from other insect parasitoids was observed in the dipteran Acrocera orbicula (Fabricius) (Diptera: Acroceridae) parasitizing the wolf spider, Pardosa prativaga (L. Koch) (Araneida: Lycosidae). In laboratory experiments the free-living first instar acrocerid larvae attached themselves firmly to the spiders' integument by the mouthparts, cutting a tiny hole through the integument. No first instar larvae invaded the host. A week later the parasitoids molted, and a small, flexible, and glabrous second instar larva left each of the attached first instar exuviae and invaded the host through the attachment hole of the first instar larva. The novel host invasion pattern observed may reduce physical damage to the host in the initial phase of endoparasitism, enhancing parasitoid survival. Received: 14 April 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 2 July 1999     

Attributes of a hopper-predator community in a rice field

A hopper-predator community in an experimental rice field was observed weekly with regard to information content (H′), formation of a geometric series or the grade of orderly distribution of component taxa (R²), and clumping index (I). These community attributes changed with time in close association with one another, and attained the highest values around the heading time of the rice. Significant correlations were found between the density of prey and that of predators when a certain time-lag was assumed for the increase of predators.     

Performance of a novel vertical-flow settler: a comparative study

By increasing particle concentration and G value （root-mean-square velocity gradient） to enhance flocculation, a novel vertical-flow settler was designed to increase sedimentation effectiveness, and to simultaneously improve operational stabilization. Due to the gradual decrease in upward flow-rate of raw water, a floes blanket would form and suspend in the middle section of the settler, not at the bottom as in a conventional clarifier. Enough large floes, resulted from flocculation or fltration, would continuously settle out of the floes blanket, and simultaneously, the floes in raw water or those forming above the blanket would ceaselessly enter the floes blanket. As a result, the floes concentration in the blanket could keep a dynamic balance. The hydrodynamic shear in the blanket was improved by flow separation, which was induced by the abrupt change in flow channel. Due to the floes blanket and improved hydrodynamic shear, flocculation would be enhanced, which was helpful for removing fine particles in raw water. A comparative study showed that the novel vertical-flow settler had a much better performance in the removal of the particles in raw water than a conventional one, when they treated kaolin suspensions of different concentrations （500, 100 and 50 mg/L, respectively） coagulated by polyaluminum chloride（PAC1） at the up-flow rates of 1 and 2 mm/s, respectively.     

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of a fetal abdominal mass: A case of a mesenchymal liver hamartoma and a review of the literature

A case of a prenatally recognized hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma is presented and the literature reviewed. These tumors are benign and usually present in early infancy with symptoms that are related to the mass effect on adjacent organs. Radiologic methods used in the past to image this tumor include angiography and ultrasound. However, there is no specific radiologic finding, and, therefore, the diagnosis is usually made during surgery. Once the tumor is removed, the prognosis is generally good. With the increasing use of high resolution ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis, this rare tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any multicystic mass found in the fetal abdomen. The recognition of a mass should then alert the physician to the need for early neonatal intervention.     

Development of a unique topology for a hard-turning micro-scale machine tool

A micro-scale machine tool (mMT) topology is developed for turning hardened steel bearing components. The topology utilizes the principle of leverage to increase accuracy and stiffness and incorporates decoupling to reduce unwanted motion of the tool. Performance specifications required that the static stiffness is at least 10 N/μm and dynamic stiffness is at least 30 N/μm in all directions. The kinematics for the topology are developed to enable control over the position and orientation of the tool tip. The effect of the topology on rake angle is determined and the topology is adjusted so as to minimize the rake angle variation during the cut. Cutting tests are performed to determine cutting parameters for achieving a low surface roughness and to estimate the accuracy of the machine. Tests show that the hard-turning mMT can achieve surface roughness below 25 nm Ra, diametrical accuracy of 1 μm and peak-to-valley roundness deviation (RONt) below 0.35 μm.