活性炭纤维对Cu2＋吸附性能的研究

研究了pH值、吸附接触时间、铜离子的初始浓度及活性炭纤维（ACF）的投加量对活性炭纤维吸附Cu2＋的影响,并选取了最佳的实验条件。用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程拟合活性炭纤维对Cu2＋吸附等温线,结果表明：活性炭纤维吸附Cu2＋更符合Langmuir等温式,其相关系数为0．9995,以单分子层吸附为主。对活性炭纤维改性能明显提高对Cu2＋的吸附,其中效果最佳的吸附量从4．8mg／g增加到17．32mg／g,提高了3．6倍。     

热改性农作物废料对海洋溢油吸附研究

以秸秆和玉米叶为吸油材料,分别经50,100,150,200℃热处理后,进行模拟溢油吸附实验,确定不同温度下热改性材料的吸油能力。实验结果表明:热改性后的农作物材料对原油的饱和吸附时间较短,当温度低于100℃时,热改性后材料对原油的饱和吸附时间为5 min,随着温度的增加,饱和吸附时间减小,在温度达到150℃和200℃时,材料对原油的饱和吸附时间缩短到4 min和3 min。秸秆对原油的平衡吸附量随着温度的升高而增加,但当热处理温度达到200℃时,其对原油的平衡吸附量反而下降。不同温度热改性后的玉米叶对原油的平衡吸附量基本一致。     

干旱半干旱地区湖泊沉积物对Cu2+的吸附-解吸研究

吸附-解吸是重金属在沉积物中迁移转化的重要过程。本文研究干旱半干旱地区湖泊———乌梁素海不同区域沉积物对Cu2+的吸附-解吸过程。结果表明,吸附过程中,pH值逐渐降低;沉积物TOC含量越高,其对Cu2+的吸附能力也越强;生活污水和工业废水影响的S1样点及受农田退水影响的S2样点对Cu2+的吸附量相对较低,而相对较洁净的S3和S4样点具有较高的Cu2+吸附量。4个样点吸附量能力大小为S3>S4>S2>S1。解吸实验显示,沉积物吸附的Cu2+大部分都不能被解吸。试验结果符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程,Langmuir方程的拟合效果要好于Freundlich方程,Langmuir方程拟合的饱和吸附量分别为3.31 mg/g、4.84 mg/g、8.39 mg/g和7.75 mg/g。     

海泡石对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

研究了一般海泡石、HCl改性海泡石对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,以及在室温下的吸附动力学,计算了吸附速率常数,绘制了海泡石的吸附等温线,并求得其饱和吸附量.结果表明,室温下酸改性海泡石的吸附速率要快于一般海泡石,各类型海泡石的吸附行为符合 Langmuir 方程.     

改性椰壳活性炭对工业废水中氨氮的吸附行为研究

为高效去除工业废水中的氨氮化合物,采用椰壳活性炭为原材料,通过碱性溶液改性制备高性能吸附剂。通过表面特征分析发现2 mol/L氢氧化钠改性后的椰壳活性炭孔体积和吸附平均孔径最小,比表面积最大;分析不同体系温度对改性活性炭吸附性能的影响,结果表明：温度对于氨氮的吸附效率影响较大,在35℃时的吸附效果最优,利用等温吸附模型Langmuir方程拟合得到计算理论吸附量为38.8 mg/g;改性椰壳活性炭的吸附行为符合准二级动力学模型,进一步表明椰壳活性炭对废水中氨氮化合物的吸附是易于发生的化学吸附过程。由此可见,改性椰壳活性炭作为一种高性能吸附材料,在去除水中的氨氮化合物方面具有良好的应用价值。     

花生壳对Cr（Ⅵ）的等温吸附模型研究

在花生壳吸附剂量为1.0g、pH2.0、温度30℃、振荡速度140r/min、吸附时间360min条件下,实验研究了不同初始浓度（50 mg/L、75 mg/L、100 mg/L、125 mg/L、150 mg/L）的Cr（Ⅵ）溶液等温吸附曲线。研究结果表明,Langmuir等温吸附模型符合得更好;该吸附是一个优先吸附过程;最大饱和吸附量为6.25mg/g。     

牛粪生物炭对水中磷的吸附特性及其影响因素研究

以牛粪生物炭为吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验研究牛粪生物炭对磷的吸附特性。研究了pH值、投加量等对牛粪生物炭吸附磷的影响。结果表明,牛粪生物炭吸附磷的最佳初始pH值为6.0;当投加量为0.1 g时,对磷的去除较为理想;通过对动力学数据进行分析,发现准二级动力学(R~2=0.999)比准一级动力学方程(R~2=0.5 886)和Elovich方程(R~2=0.927)能更好的拟合动力学数据,颗粒内扩散方程拟合结果发现牛粪生物炭对磷的吸附包括表面吸附和颗粒内扩散两个过程。吸附等温线拟合发现Langmuir吸附等温方程能很好拟合等温吸附数据,表明生物炭对磷的吸附以单分子层吸附模式为主。     

TiO2改性柱撑膨润土吸附副品红的性能研究

以钠基膨润土为原料，制备了4种二氧化钛（TiO2）改性柱撑膨润土，并探讨了膨润土的改性方法、投土量、吸附时间、温度及pH值等因素对吸附副品红性能的影响。结果表明：4种TiO2改性柱撑膨润土对副品红的吸附效果明显好于原土；未经煅烧的TiO2改性柱撑膨润土的吸附效果要明显优于经高温煅烧过的柱撑膨润土；掺杂钇的TiO2改性柱撑膨润土的吸附性能略好于未经掺杂的柱撑膨润土；膨润土投土量、吸附时间、温度和pH值均会对柱撑膨润土的吸附效果产生影响；20℃时，4种柱撑膨润土对溶液中副品红的吸附等温线均符合Langrnuir吸附等温方程。     

改性少根根霉对钍(IV)的吸附研究

本文研究改性少根根霉对钍（Ⅳ）的吸附。在30℃，起始pH=4．0时，未改性少根根霉对钍的饱和吸附容量可达198．7mg／g干菌。用NaOH改性处理后少根根霉的吸附能力有较大提高，在30℃，吸附反应的最佳pH范围在4～4．5时，其饱和吸附量为265mg／g干菌。     

草木灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

本实验目的是研究草木灰对吸附亚甲基蓝的去除效果,探讨了亚甲基蓝初始量、吸附时间、pH值等对吸附效果的影响,并运用伪一级、伪二级反应动力学模型和Laugmuir、Freundlich等温线模型进行拟合。结果表明,草木灰对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附在5 min~30 min速率比较快,约在65 min内达到吸附平衡,pH越大越有利于吸附,浓度在5mg/L时草木灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附最佳。与伪二级动力学曲线模型拟合效果较好,由Laugmuir等温线模型计算得出理论最大吸附容量Qm为2.275 mg/g,吸附性能优异。     

小叶榕落叶改性条件优化及其处理含Cu~(2+)废水动力学研究

以废弃的小叶榕落叶作为吸附剂,通过正交试验选择制备改性小叶榕落叶的最佳条件,结果表明:当硝酸浓度为10moL/L,干燥温度为120℃和氢氧化钠浓度为1moL/L时,改性后的小叶榕落叶的活性最强,对废水中Cu2+的吸附率最高。利用改性后的小叶榕落叶进行了吸附去除水中Cu2+的研究,得出当pH为5.7,铜的最大吸附容量Qmax=0.59mg(Cu)/g(改性落叶)。并通过非线性回归,构建了影响因素同吸附率之间的数学模型和落叶吸附的动力学模型。     

Quaternized agricultural by-products as anion exchange resins

The objectives of this study were the chemical modification of readily available, low-cost agricultural by-products to anion exchange resins and the selection of the best modified by-product for further use in anion removal. Resins were prepared through the quaternization of a series of 12 agricultural by-products with N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CHMAC). Phosphate ion adsorption assays were conducted at pH 7 in order to compare adsorption properties among the by-products. Quaternized corn stover showed the highest phosphorus adsorption at 0.66 mmole/g. Since corn stover exhibited the best uptake of phosphate ion, it was compared to a commercially available, cellulose-based anion exchange resin. Additionally, adsorption capacities of quaternized corn stover for arsenate, chromate, and selenate were evaluated and adsorption efficiencies were determined in simulated wastewater samples. Our results indicate that modified corn stover demonstrates good adsorption uptake for arsenate and selenate and especially for chromate.     

环境因子对长江宜宾段底泥吸附磷的影响

本文主要研究模拟长江底泥对富营养化水体磷的吸附,分析环境因子对底泥吸附磷的影响。结果显示：（1）在25℃时,底泥对磷的吸附在碱性条件时的吸附速率小于酸性和中性条件,中性条件下的吸附速率最大;（2）在控制上覆水温度时,温度越高底泥对磷的吸附量越小,20℃时底泥的吸附量是30℃吸附量的1.5倍;（3）上覆水中溶解氧的浓度越高,吸附速率越高。     

分子印迹硅纳米改性氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其对双酚A的吸附研究

制备了分子印迹硅纳米-氧化石墨烯复合吸附材料,并研究了复合材料对双酚A(Bisphenol A,BPA)的吸附性能.实验结果表明:复合吸附材料对BPA的吸附在35min内达到吸附平衡,Langmuir等温线模型得出最大吸附容量约为338.3mg/g;相对于BPA的结构类似物,对BPA具有良好的选择吸附性能;在溶液pH接...     

Phenol removal from aqueous environments by natural & chemically modified kaolin clay

Natural, acid and base modified kaolin clays were studied for the sake of phenol and 4-chlorophenol removal from aqueous environments and their application to real ground and industrial wastewater samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and Surface area analysis were employed for characterization of the adsorbents microstructure. Operating factors such as adsorbent dose, solution pH, initial phenol concentration, and contact time were studied. The experimental data displayed that the increase of the adsorbent dose, contact time, and pH value from 2 to 7 increases the efficiency of the removal process. Optimal conditions for phenolic removal were; contact time of 300 min, primary phenol solution of 25 mg/L, pH 7 and 2.5 g/L as an appropriate adsorbent dose using crude (natural), acid modified and base modified kaolin clays. The higher phenolic removal efficiencies were obtained at 5 mg/L as 90, 97, 96.2%, respectively, for the adsorbents in the previously mentioned order. The adsorption capacity in the removal of phenol and 4-chlorophenol were 7.481 and 4.195, 8.2942 and 3.211, and 8.05185 and 18.565 mg/g, respectively, for the adsorbents in the same mentioned order. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitted and analyzed with four isotherm models, namely, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm equations. The adsorption process of phenol on studied adsorbents was exothermic, spontaneous and thermodynamically favorable proved by the negative values of their thermodynamic parameters ΔH° and ΔG°. The correlation coefficient (R²) for all concentrations was higher than 0.94, which indicates that in the studied system, the data suitably fit the first-order kinetics. The % desorption capacity was amounted to 96%, 91.11%, and 87.06% of adsorbed phenol, respectively, for the adsorbents in the previous order using 0.1N NaOH and 10% V/V ethanol solutions as eluents at 25°C, indicating the reusability of the adsorbents. Kaolin and its modified forms can be introduced as eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbents in water remediation implementation.     

RD复合净水剂对阳离子染料RL的吸附脱色

考察了RD复合净水剂吸附处理阳离子艳兰染料RL废液的实验条件,探讨了RD吸附脱色的实质。结果表明,加入0.3gRD到浓度为200mg/L的染液中,在25℃、pH=7.0条件下,吸附时间为10m in时,废液的脱色率达到80%,RD单位质量吸附量为10.7mg/g;当50mg/L的染料废液中,RD的投加量为0.2g时,脱色率达到了96%以上,RD单位质量吸附量为8.12mg/g;pH值和温度对吸附脱色效果影响不显著,而且RL废液的浓度增大,RD单位质量吸附量增大,但是脱色率有所下降。RD对染料的吸附符合Langmu ir吸附模型。     

Fenton试剂与改性凹凸棒石联合处理微污染水中苯酚的实验研究

研究了Fenton试剂联合聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）改性凹凸棒石对模拟微污染水中苯酚的去除效果。考察了pH值、反应时间、投加量、温度等因素对苯酚去除效果的影响。结果表明：先采用Fenton试剂氧化再用改性凹凸棒石吸附对微污染水中苯酚具有较好的去除效果,在pH=9、温度为25℃、改性凹凸棒石投加量为5g／L、吸附时间20min的条件下,苯酚去除率达98．2％。