工作不安全感对安全绩效的影响——基于某大型电力公司的实证研究

由于安全问题备受关注,采用问卷研究法,通过构建调节—中介模型探讨工作不安全感影响员工安全绩效的机制。对某大型电力公司329位员工进行问卷调查后发现,员工的工作满意感中工作不安全感对员工安全绩效的消极影响,情绪智力通过调节工作不安全感与工作满意感的关系削弱了工作不安全感对安全绩效的消极作用,即当组织变革给员工带来工作不安全感时,高情绪智力的个体会通过有效的情绪管理减少工作不满意感,进而缓冲工作不安全感对安全绩效的影响,而低情绪智力的个体会过于情绪化,使得工作不安全感显著影响工作满意感,进而使员工的安全绩效受到影响。     

基于Multi-agent的矿工情绪稳定性模型构建

为解决由矿工情绪稳定性水平低下引起的不安全行为问题,基于复杂适应系统（CAS）理论和多主体建模与仿真（ABMS）的方法,构建矿工情绪稳定性水平提升模型。通过调节班组协调程度、组织公平程度、安全心理培训水平、受教育程度、个性特征和作业环境舒适度,在NETLOGO仿真平台上分析矿工意志强度、情绪安全倾向度以及管理者领导能力对矿工情绪稳定性水平的影响。研究表明:矿工的情绪稳定性水平提升系统是一种典型的复杂适应系统,矿工情绪稳定性水平是各主体属性相互作用的结果,作用程度存在差异。因此,煤炭企业应考虑各种因素,通过控制和改善各主体的行为以提高矿工情绪稳定性水平。     

矿工工作应激与对策探讨

工作应激对煤矿工人的影响是导致煤矿安全管理事故发生的主要原因,所以,煤矿工人的工作应激是一个亟待解决的问题.通过文献的搜集和访谈,与其他职业压力源的比较分析,并结合矿工这一职业的特点,第一,界定煤矿工人工作应激的概念;第二,从工作特征、组织因素、社会因素和个人特征4个大的方面来全面地分析矿工工作应激的来源;第三,依据工作应激的来源,从个人、组织和社会3个层面来探讨矿工工作应激的解决对策.为煤矿安全管理及维护矿工身心健康提供一定的依据.     

How do leaders use emotional labor?

Leaders use emotional labor to regulate their own emotions and to manage the moods, job attitudes, and performance of their followers. Researchers need to examine how emotional labor is related to (i) leadership styles, (ii) leader and subordinate stress and well‐being, (iii) leader authenticity and character, and (iv) leader effectiveness. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

机车乘务员安全绩效与职业紧张关系研究

随着我国高速铁路技术快速发展,作为铁路行业关键岗位的机车乘务员,正面临着日益增长的工作压力带来的职业紧张,给行车安全带来了隐患。通过对870位在岗的机车乘务员进行问卷调查,分析机车乘务员职业紧张现状,研究其与安全绩效之间的关系。结果表明:机车乘务员的职业任务显著高于男性常模,而个体应变能力却低于男性常模;安全任务绩效与心理紧张反应和躯体紧张反应显著负相关,安全关系绩效中的工作奉献与业务紧张反应、心理紧张反应、躯体紧张反应显著负相关,人际关系紧张反应与安全绩效各维度相关性均不显著。     

When do emotionally exhausted employees speak up? Exploring the potential curvilinear relationship between emotional exhaustion and voice

Two studies were conducted to address the potential nonlinear relationship between emotional exhaustion and voice. Study 1 developed and tested a model rooted in conservation of resources theory in which responses to emotional exhaustion are determined by individual‐level and group‐level conditions that influence the perceived safety and efficacy of voice and drive prohibitive voice behaviors by giving rise to either resource‐conservation‐based or resource‐acquisition‐based motivation. Specifically, there was a curvilinear (U‐shaped) relationship between emotional exhaustion and prohibitive voice under conditions of (i) high job security and (ii) high interactional justice climate, but a linearly negative relationship when these resources were low. Study 2 replicated and extended these findings to include an empirical examination of these effects on promotive versus prohibitive voice. Results confirmed the findings of Study 1, provided evidence of differences in the nomological networks of promotive and prohibitive voice, and indicated that prohibitive voice is more salient to the experience of high emotional strain. Implications of the findings and areas for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mental Workload and Health: A Latent Threat

The aim of this study is to investigate changes in cardiovascular activity associated with a high mental workload. The reported experiments, carried out in naturalistic settings, point to information load and information processing under time pressure as main risk factors. This kind of occupational stress had to be dealt with by two of the three groups under investigation: brokers and simultaneous interpreters; it was not experienced by lecturing university professors. The pattern of cardiovascular activity of the two former groups consisted of overmobilization of cardiovascular activity at the beginning of work, and only partial normalization of task-evoked changes in cardiovascular activity at the end of work. Substantial elevations of diastolic blood pressure and tachycardia, which followed earlier overmobilization, resemble a miniature copy of changes seen in the development of cardiovascular diseases.     

利民煤矿井田地应力场反演及分区特征

为预防矿井采掘过程由应力集中导致的巷道围岩、支护变形和破坏,需要明确井田地应力分布特征。根据区域构造分析和板块构造运动态势,揭示利民煤矿井田应力场形成的动力源及演化特征,通过井田原位地应力测试,确定地应力场主应力方向及量值,得到利民煤矿的水平构造应力场占主要优势,其最大水平主应力方向为S85.78°W—S89.93°W,方向为近EW向,构建9号煤层顶板岩性数据库和岩体应力计算模型,反演井田最大主应力分布特征,并根据应力集中系数对井田进行构造应力分区,分析不同构造应力分区内巷道围岩稳定性的差异。结果表明:高应力分区内围岩变化程度最大,且能量积聚最为集中。巷道围岩产生应力集中的临界尺度更小,更容易发生强矿压显现情况。     

五边到场交通态势安全评估研究

为提高五边到场交通运行的安全性,基于客观、合理的评估五边到场交通态势的重要性,探讨空中交通复杂性在五边到场交通态势评估中的应用,并利用基于五边到场交通的复杂性图示方法,画出五边到场交通复杂性图,通过对复杂性图的分析来描述当前五边到场交通态势的安全特征,包括航空器与航空器之间发生冲突的可能性以及到场航空器允许插入五边的时间和位置等.结果表明:五边到场交通复杂性图能客观、准确地评估五边到场交通中航空器与航空器之间潜在的冲突大小,通过五边到场交通复杂性来对五边到场交通态势进行安全性评估是可行的.     

You want me to do what? Two daily diary studies of illegitimate tasks and employee well‐being

Illegitimate tasks, a recently introduced occupational stressor, are tasks that violate norms about what an employee can reasonably be expected to do. Because they are considered a threat to one's professional identity, we expected that the daily experience of illegitimate tasks would be linked to a drop in self‐esteem and to impaired well‐being. We report results of two daily diary studies, one in which 57 Swiss employees were assessed twice/day and one in which 90 Americans were assessed three times/day. Both studies showed that illegitimate tasks were associated with lowered state self‐esteem. Study 1 demonstrated that high trait self‐esteem mitigated that relationship. Study 2 showed that illegitimate tasks were associated with not only lowered state self‐esteem but also lower job satisfaction and higher anger and depressive mood, but not anger or job satisfaction remained elevated until the following morning. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于CiteSpace的高校教师职业心理健康文献计量分析

为系统把握高校教师职业心理健康领域近10年的主要研究内容和研究方向,以中国知网(CNKI)作为数据源,经过2次检索得到2011—2020年10年间的文献,统计分析发文量,使用CiteSpace软件可视化处理,得到关键词共现图谱。结果表明:高校教师职业心理健康的相关研究主要集中于职业倦怠和职业压力,研究热点是成因和对策,重点研究对象为体育教师、青年教师、英语教师和女教师;通过内容分析发现,职业压力和职业倦怠均对高校教师职业心理健康存在消极影响;从社会、学校、个人3个层面有效干预可改善教师职业压力和职业倦怠,进而提升其心理健康。     

煤矿安全从业人员工作满意感与应激水平、自我效能感的关系

运用问卷法,以43名国有煤矿安全从业人员为研究对象,探讨了在煤矿这一特定环境下的工作人员其工作满意感、应激水平和自我效能感的关系.结果发现:应激水平能负向预测工作满意感,自我效能感不仅能正向预测工作满意感,还能调节应激水平对工作满意感的影响,较高的自我效能感能使应激水平对工作满意感的负效应转为正效应.根据笔者研究结果,提出了减少工作应激刺激、提供培训提高员工自我效能感、制定合理的人员安置和促进员工发展的人事制度,以增强员工的工作满意感的建议.     

煤矿高层管理者工作压力与安全绩效关系研究*

为探索煤矿高层管理者工作压力与安全绩效的关系,提出工作压力直接影响安全绩效的假设关系,以及以情绪劳动和工作投入为中介变量的假设关系。采用煤矿高层管理者工作压力量表、情绪劳动量表、工作投入量表和安全绩效量表调查331名煤矿高层管理者,并使用SPSS 25.0、AMOS 23.0软件进行分析检验。研究结果表明:煤矿高层管理者工作压力对安全绩效有显著负向影响,不同的工作压力源维度对安全绩效影响大小和显著性有差异;情绪劳动与工作投入在工作压力与安全绩效之间具有显著的中介作用及链式中介作用。