杞麓湖外源污染物入湖途径及其污染负荷调查研究

为准确掌握杞麓湖外源入湖污染负荷,进行精准治污,降低水质富营养化程度,采用现场踏勘、实测、同倍比法对杞麓湖流域外源污染物进行了调查,结果显示其外源污染物一是通过5条主要入湖河流的径流携带进入;二是雨后通过农业坡面散流区直接汇入;三是通过湖滨农业排涝区的排涝排入;四是通过湖面降雨降尘的自然输入,入湖途径呈现出相似性和典型性特征。通过调查核算,2018年杞麓湖入湖河流区、湖滨农业排涝区、农业坡面散流区、湖面降雨降尘区总计排入杞麓湖的净污染负荷为：COD_Cr3632.04t、COD_Mn776.68t、TN921.96t、TP39.70t。以COD_Cr为例,湖滨农业排涝区、农业坡面散流区、湖面降雨降尘区、入湖河流区每平方千米入湖COD_Cr分别为52.07、24.09、11.53、7.54t,表明湖滨农业排涝区的污染治理应该引起高度重视,优先治理。该研究成果可向承担湖泊保护管理主体责任的政府和部门提供从“一湖之治”向“流域之治”转变的治理思路,也为政府在短期内改善杞麓湖富营养化现状和后期保证其得到持续改善提供...     

加强巢湖中岩源磷的研究及氧同位素方法应用

<正>巢湖水质及富营养化现状巢湖流域总面积1.35万km~2,其中湖区面积可达9153km~2。近30年来,由于流域周边人口急剧增长,工业化进程不断加快,致使入湖污染物不断增多,湖泊富营养化程度日趋严重。巢湖水质现状及变化趋势上世纪90年代后期,水质检测表明,营养盐含量由入湖口至湖心逐渐减小,呈梯度变化。根据2015年安徽省环境状况公报,湖区总体水质为Ⅳ类、轻度污染、呈轻度富营养化状态,其中东半湖轻度富营养化,西半湖中度富     

主成分分析法在高州水库水质评价中的应用

根据主成分分析法能够从众多因子中筛选出主要成分,且在保证原始数据信息损失最小的情况下,利用SPSS软件对数据结构进行简化,以少数综合变量取代原有的多个变量,对高州水库汇水流域内主要河流进行水环境质量综合评价,并对各监测断面的水质优劣程度进行了排序。从原始数据中提取占总方差96.425%的3个主成分以反映研究区水质的整体情况,结果表明:流域内水环境质量总体较差,以入库河流上游区域的农业、生活引起的非点源有机污染为主,库区内存在一定程度的富营养化趋势,且在水库自身水动力条件的作用下库区水质优于入库河流。在空间分布上,由于石骨水库库心断面受外源污染影响较小,其水质优于供水口;而入库河流中良德水库黄塘水入口断面水质污染较轻,石骨水库曹江入口断面次之,良德水库大井河入口断面的水质最差。此外,通过对流域水环境质量进行分级综合评价,进一步得出高州水库入库河流是库区污染的主要来源。     

从自洋淀内源污染调查探析其环境保护对策

围绕白洋淀环境污染现状,对淀中村居民生活产生的废水、垃圾及养殖生产造成的水体污染进行了调查分析,入户调查搜集了污染物产生量环境基础数据,在此基础上,对水质进行了采样和测定,调查与测定结果表明淀内居民对白洋淀水质具有显著影响。最后,针对居民对白洋淀生态环境的一系列不利影响,提出了政府主导型全民参与相结合的对策与措施,对白洋淀的保护具有一定借鉴和指导意义。推动广泛环境保护科普教育和信息公开,提高公众环保意识,发挥地域居民在白洋淀保护中的主体性,将成为维持白洋淀湿地健康的重要途径。     

我国湖泊的环境问题及治理对策

我国湖泊众多,类型多样,分布不均衡;以浅水、小型、老年消亡期为主,富营养化特征系浮游植物响应型为主;水源污染主要是富营养化和有机污染;污染治理对策应以生态系统修复为根本,控制陆源污染物为前提。     

黄河三角洲湿地生态环境现状的调查研究

通过对黄河三角洲湿地类型及分布的调查以及对三角洲环境空气质量、地表水环境质量、湖泊水库水环境质量、浅海湿地水环境质量和湿地生态系统现状进行了调研,结果表明,三角洲湿地环境均受到不同程度的污染,浅海湿地潜在富营养化的危险,湿地生态系统现状堪忧.     

眉山市东坡区乡镇饮用水水源地富营养化状况分析

基于2016年2月、5月、8月和10月的水质监测数据,采用综合营养状态指数和营养状态指数对东坡区10个乡镇饮用水水源地进行了富营养化评价与分析。结果表明:各乡镇饮用水水源地除1个水库为中营养状态外,其余9个水库均为轻度富营养状态。各水库枯水期的富营养化程度全年同比最低。10个水库的水质均劣于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类标准。水质超标及富营养化的主要污染因子为TN,主要污染来源是农业面源污染和生活污染。     

綦江河水生藻类调查及水体污染初步评价

本文通过一九八七年三月(枯水期),五月(平水期),在对綦江河流域进行水生藻类学调查结果的基础上:不仅基本弄清楚了该河藻类种群组成及分布情况,而且采用了两种不同方法评价了水体的污染现状,其结果是一致的。说明了綦江河各断面均受到不同程度的污染。     

濛阳河流域(成都段)污染源解析及对策研究

为改善濛阳河流域(成都段)水环境现状,提出合理有效的水环境治理措施,根据实测数据对流域水质现状进行分析,并参照《全国水环境容量核定技术指南》中规定的计算方法,对流域主要入河污染物的量进行计算。结果表明,濛阳河流域彭州出境断面水质不稳定达标,主要超标污染物为总磷,COD、氨氮不稳定达标。流域内COD、氨氮、总磷总入河量分别为805.41t/a、129.96t/a、31.17t/a。按污染源分类,生活污染源对COD、氨氮、总磷的贡献率最大,分别为60.60%、48.82%、43.27%,其次是农田面源。按区县分类,濛阳镇和九尺镇对流域污染负荷贡献较大。根据污染源解析结果,有针对性的提出污染治理对策,为濛阳河流域水环境治理提供依据和思路。     

化成水库饮用水源地富营养化状况的分析与评价

根据2014~2016年对化成水库的水质监测,采用综合营养状态指数法和模糊综合评价法对水库富营养化现状进行了评价。结果表明两种评价方法得出的结果一致,该水库在此三年间持续处于中营养状态。对该点位水质富营养化变量指标(COD_(Mn)、NH_3-N、TN和TP)进行特征分析,TN和TP均为Ⅲ类,COD_(Mn)处于Ⅱ—Ⅲ类,NH_3-N达到Ⅱ类。分析该区域水质各指标为NH_3-N和TN污染主要来源是点源污染,而TP和COD_(Mn)主要来自非点源污染。根据分析结果对化成水库富营养化进行成因分析并提出科学建议。     

Eutrophication of Lake Waters in China: Cost, Causes, and Control

Lake water eutrophication has become one of the most important factors impeding sustainable economic development in China. Knowledge of the current status of lake water eutrophicatoin and determination of its mechanism are prerequisites to devising a sound solution to the problem. Based on reviewing the literature, this paper elaborates on the evolutional process and current state of shallow inland lake water eutrophication in China. The mechanism of lake water eutrophication is explored from nutrient sources. In light of the identified mechanism strategies are proposed to control and tackle lake water eutrophication. This review reveals that water eutrophication in most lakes was initiated in the 1980s when the national economy underwent rapid development. At present, the problem of water eutrophication is still serious, with frequent occurrence of damaging algal blooms, which have disrupted the normal supply of drinking water in shore cities. Each destructive bloom caused a direct economic loss valued at billions of yuan. Nonpoint pollution sources, namely, waste discharge from agricultural fields and nutrients released from floor deposits, are identified as the two major sources of nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, all control and rehabilitation measures of lake water eutrophication should target these nutrient sources. Biological measures are recommended to rehabilitate eutrophied lake waters and restore the lake ecosystem in order to bring the problem under control.     

滇池水污染物浓度预测的人工神经网络模型

本文针对滇池日益严重的水污染现状,根据云南昆明西苑隧道断面2004年-2010年的监测资料,建立了基于BP神经网络的主要污染指标预测模型,并对其进行训练检验,研究结果表明：独立样本中pH、溶解氧、氨氮、高锰酸盐浓度的预测值与监测值的线性相关系数分别为0．952、0．967、0．945、0．936。结果证明该模型预测精度满足要求,通过准确地预测湖泊水污染物可以为治理湖泊营养化和综合利用水资源、规划管理、决策提供重要的科学依据。     

南宁市南湖富营养化防治对策及综合整治方案的研究

由于大量生活污水未经处理排放南宁市南湖,南湖富营养化状已非常严重,各种水体功能均受到严重影响,治理南湖已刻不容缓。     

邛海水质变化趋势及保护对策研究

本文通过对邛海流域现状污染源进行调查,邛海流域COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷产生量分别为5892.1t/a、995.6t/a、2888.2t/a和1105.1t/a,污染负荷主要来自面源污染.通过2002 ～ 2011年邛海水质监测数据分析,邛海水质近10年总体保持Ⅱ～Ⅲ类,处于中营养状态,2004～ 2006年水质相对较差,2006年以后水质逐渐好转.总磷、总氮是邛海主要污染因子,海河口是邛海污染最严重的区域.为实现邛海水质和流域生态环境持续改善,从产业结构优化、流域污染源治理、生态保育和流域生态环境综合监管等方面提出对策建议.     

Lake eutrophication management modeling using dynamic programming

Lake eutrophication problems have received considerable attention in Taiwan, especially because they relate to the quality of drinking water. In this study, steady-state river water quality and lake eutrophication models are solved using dynamic programming algorithms to find the nutrient removal rates for eutrophication control during dry season. The kinetic cycle of chlorophyll-a, phosphorus and nitrogen for a complete-mixed lake is considered in the optimization framework. The Newton-iterative technique is adopted to solve the nonlinear equations for the steady-state lake eutrophication model. The optimization framework is applied to Cheng-Ching Lake in southern Taiwan. Several nutrient loading scenarios for eutrophication control are studied. Optimization results for nutrient removal rates and corresponding wastewater treatment capacities of each reach of the Kao-Ping River define the least cost approach to lake eutrophication control. A natural purification method, structural free water surface wetland, is also suggested to save more investment and improve river water quality at the same time.     

白洋淀水域环境状况调查与分析

近年来,由于各种因素的影响,水域环境污染问题已经成为制约白洋淀经济发展的一大障碍.经研究对白洋淀水资源及水环境状况进行了调查,并分析了水环境污染的成因,旨在为白洋淀水域环境保护提供依据.     

LAKE REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES AND EXPERIENCES1

ABSTRACT: The degradation of many lakes is the result of aging processes which have been accelerated by the activities of man. Where it is too late to prevent sedimentation and eutrophication problems, lake rehabilitation and protection comprise a resource management option warranting serious consideration. A Wisconsin Lake Renewal Demonstration Project has been evaluating several rehabilitation schemes for the past five years. A selected summary of Project lake rehabilitation activities, including nutrient inactivation, dilution, aeration, and several types of aquatic plant management, suggests the present status of lake rehabilitation.     

Toward Integrated Environmental Management for Challenges in Water Environmental Protection of Lake Taihu Basin in China

Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China. It serves many social, economic, and ecological purposes in the drainage basin. Unfortunately, the water has been heavily polluted due to rapid industrialization and urbanization during the last two decades. Notwithstanding great efforts made so far to improve the water quality, the environmental situation is still far from being optimistic. The basin and the lake are facing a range of severe environmental challenges: rapid socio-economic development continues to place great pressures on the environment, current pollution control projects have many problems from the viewpoint of effectiveness and efficiency of their implementations, and the non-point sources of pollution such as agricultural fields, for which control is more difficult than for industrial point sources, have become the main contributors to serious eutrophication of the lake. Considering the characteristics of the environmental challenges and problems confronting the basin and the lake, we focus on integrated environmental management (IEM) as a promising and effective approach to overcome these predicaments. Current practices and problems of environmental management in the basin are examined, and potential future developments are discussed. Three aspects of the IEM are emphasized: institutional cooperation, public participation, and internalization of environmental externalities. We think these are the most critical for not only the basin but also for the whole of China to achieve a sustainable society.     

邛海生态环境问题及保护对策研究

邛海是四川省第二大天然淡水湖,具有饮用水源、栖息地、水产品供给、人文景观等多种生态功能。长期以来由于不合理的开发和利用,邛海生态环境遭到污染和破坏,出现了面源污染严重、区域水质恶化、泥沙淤积、湿地萎缩、面积减少等环境问题,发展与保护矛盾突出,生态环境保护的压力加重。本文针对流域主要环境问题,探讨并提出了邛海生态环境保护以湖泊生态安全保障为目标,以饮用水源水质安全保障和生态保育为核心,实施生态调控、污染防治与生态恢复并举的科学对策。