活体微藻对镉（Ⅱ）的富集机理

选取小球衣藻（Chlamydomonas microsphaera）、铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）、钝顶螺旋藻（Spirulina platensis）和四尾栅藻（Scenedesmus quadricauda）等4种微藻,通过室内模拟实验,对水体中的Cd2+进行吸附,并对吸附Cd2+的微藻分别采用去离子水、0.2 mol·L-1 CaCl2与研磨处理,测定Cd2+的解脱量,研究活体微藻对重金属离子的富集特征与机理。结果表明：4种活体微藻均对水体中Cd2+有较强的富集能力,在Cd2+初始浓度为10 mg·L-1、溶液pH为7.0的实验条件下,小球衣藻富集量可达76.34 mg·g-1,铜绿微囊藻、钝顶螺旋藻和四尾栅藻富集量分别为24.78、15.28 和 9.85 mg·g-1,说明微藻是良好的重金属吸附剂;4种活体微藻对Cd2+的富集特征均符合准二级动力学方程（R2>0.99）,反映出活体微藻对Cd2+的富集主要是一种化学行为;活体微藻对Cd2+的富集主要是离子交换形式的化学吸附,富集比例均在60%以上,其中小球衣藻最高,达86.51%。除化学吸附外,还包括物理吸附与生物吸收,生物吸收所占富集比例为6.75%~18.96%,而物理吸附量最少,为3.02%~14.63%。     

生态农业的给排水循环系统的探讨

生态农业的发展，是经济、社会和环境保护协调发展的产物。作者提出生态农业的给排水循环系统作为现有模式的延伸和补充，让生态农业在经济、社会、环境的协调发展中发挥更大的作用，最大限度地消除农业污染，为农业可持续发展提供技术支持和可靠保证。     

产油微藻培养与回收的关键技术研究进展

寻找廉价而高效的替代原料是实现生物柴油产业化的关键所在.微藻以含油量高、生长周期短、环境适应能力强、生物产量高等优点,有望成为一种极具潜力的生物柴油生产原料.然而,目前尚存在微藻培养低效成本高和微藻回收效率低两大难题.综述了微藻培养与回收过程中的关键技术,并对存在的两大难题及其改进技术进行了详细的探讨.最后,总结并展望了微藻培养、回收技术未来的发展趋势.     

Lichen microalgae are sensitive to environmental concentrations of atrazine

The identification of new organisms for environmental toxicology bioassays is currently a priority, since these tools are strongly limited by the ecological relevance of taxa used to study global change. Lichens are sensitive bioindicators of air quality and their microalgae are an untapped source for new low-cost miniaturized bioassays with ecological importance. In order to increase the availability of a wider range of taxa for bioassays, the sensitivity of two symbiotic lichen microalgae, Asterochloris erici and Trebouxia sp. TR9, to atrazine was evaluated. To achieve this goal, axenic cultures of these phycobionts in suspension were exposed to a range of environmental concentrations of the herbicide atrazine, a common water pollutant. Optical density and chlorophyll autofluorescence were used as endpoints of ecotoxicity and ecophysiology on cell suspensions. Results show that lichen microalgae show high sensitivity to very low doses of atrazine, being higher in Asterochloris erici than in Trebouxia sp. TR9. We conclude that environmental concentrations of atrazine could modify population dynamics probably through a shift in reproduction strategies of these organisms. This seminal work is a breakthrough in the use of lichen microalgae in the assessment of micropollution effects on biodiversity.     

可持续发展视角下的中央商务区低碳发展路径和策略探讨

随着城市建设的不断推进,中央商务区(CBD)的可持续发展受到越来越多关注。随着全球气候变化的日益加剧,低碳CBD作为一种新型的CBD发展模式被提出。基于国内外已有的CBD建设研究,以可持续发展理念为指引,在解析CBD发展历程的基础上,探究了中国CBD低碳建设的路径和策略。CBD的碳排放特征分析表明,"低碳CBD"的发展路径必须将低碳理念贯彻到规划期、建设期及运营期等各个阶段,坚持全生命周期的低碳管理。最后,从量化低碳目标、创新低碳政策和持续改进地管理低碳建设3个方面提出了低碳CBD的发展策略。     

Healthy and happy: animal welfare as an integral part of sustainable agriculture

Good animal welfare is necessary if an agricultural system is to be sustainable. Although we have been concerned about the welfare of our animals since we first domesticated them and became dependent on their health and reproduction, this article focuses mainly on the development of the animal welfare debate since the 1960s. It presents animal welfare as a science that arose from society's concern about the way animals are kept. These moral and ethical concerns lead to it having a value framework that must also be taken into consideration. Different definitions of animal welfare, as well as examples of research, are presented and discussed in the light of developments in this area. For example, in recent years there has been an increased interest among consumers for animal-friendly products, as there has been for environment friendly products, and this has stimulated the move from experimental studies of animal welfare to its application in practice and to monitoring animal welfare on farms. Traditionally such measurements have been resource based, e.g. specifying the minimum amount of feeding space or the maximum stocking density, but now the trend is toward animal-based measures, such as the numberof lame animals, body condition, etc.     

Using sustainable development indicators as a supplementary measure for the integrated management of environmental information system in Taiwan

Environmental Information System (EIS) transfers environmental data and information to audiences in any field of knowledge or activity interested in environmental problems. Currently, numerous conventional EISs or Environmental Databases (EDs) are available in Taiwan. However, they fail to adequately address the strong correlations among the environmental, social and economic components. Notably, Sustainable Development Indicators (SDIs) combine environmental, social and economic dimensions, as well as illustrate the links among systems. Subsequently, developing a set of SDIs will provide an excellent opportunity to systematically consolidate the information scattered among many archives, as well as promoting an integrated EIS. This work presents an experimental model referred to as the 'Sustainable Development Information System of the Island Taiwan' (SDISIT). This system was developed to assist the integrated management of either EIS or ED. The Factor Analysis Method (FAM) is one tool that may prove useful in easing the developing process. Furthermore, by examining the correlations between the indicators, this method can apply existing SDIs to identify the structure of interrelationships among indicators.     

Assessment of the allelopathic effect of leaf and seed extracts of Canavalia ensiformis as postemergent bioherbicides: A green alternative for sustainable agriculture

The herbicidal potential of aqueous extracts prepared from leaves and seeds of Canavalia ensiformis was tested by applying them postemergence to the crop weeds Ipomoea grandifolia and Commelina benghalensis. Considering the possible objective of using this bioherbicide on soybean fields, the extracts were also tested for deleterious effects on both transgenic and conventional soybean (Glycine max). In addition, the concentrations of four phenolic compounds and alkaloids with allelopathic properties in these extracts were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The seed extract at concentrations of 25 g L^?1 and 50 g L^?1 was the most efficient postemergent bioherbicide. By applying these extracts, the development of the weed seed was progressively hindered until no recovery was observed. The application of 3.5 mL of crude extract on a plant that takes 30 days after germination of the seed to develop is sufficient for full control of the species within 5 days. Since both Ipomoea grandifolia and Commelina benghalensis are broadleaf dicotyledons, it is possible that other species with these characteristics can also be controlled or suffer the same effects under the action of the seed extract, if the same volume and mode of application are used. The selectivity of the treatments with 25 g L^?1 and 50 g L^?1 was assessed on transgenic and conventional cultivars. The treatments did not visibly affect the soybean cultivars, which developed normally during the observation period that continued up to 15 days after the death of the weeds.     

Efficient and sustainable environmental management as a means of addressing current pollution issues

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

A transgenic approach to enhance phosphorus use efficiency in crops as part of a comprehensive strategy for sustainable agriculture

Concerns about phosphorus (P) sustainability in agriculture arise not only from the potential of P scarcity but also from the known effects of agricultural P use beyond the field, i.e., eutrophication leading to dead zones in lakes, rivers and coastal oceans due to runoffs from fertilized fields. Plants possess a large number of adaptive responses to P_i (orthophosphate) limitation that provide potential raw materials to enhance P_i scavenging abilities of crop plants. Understanding and engineering these adaptive responses to increase the efficiency of crop capture of natural and fertilizer P_i in soils is one way to optimize P_i use efficiency (PUE) and, together with other approaches, help to meet the P sustainability challenge in agriculture. Research on the molecular and physiological basis of P_i uptake is facilitating the generation of plants with enhanced P_i use efficiency by genetic engineering. Here we describe work done in this direction with emphasis on the up-regulation of plant proton-translocating pyrophosphatases (H⁺-PPases).     

The way forward to sustain environmental quality through sustainable sand mining and the use of manufactured sand as an alternative to natural sand

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

Comparative toxicity of acrylic acid to marine and freshwater microalgae and the significance for environmental effects assessments.

In this study, we compared the sensitivity of freshwater and marine organisms to two structurally similar substances, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Reported acute toxicity data (L(E)C50-values) for freshwater organisms range from 0.1 to 222 mg/l and 85 to >130 mg/l for acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, respectively. The large variation in toxicity data for acrylic acid is due to a specific toxicity to certain species of freshwater microalgae, with algae EC50-values being two to three orders of magnitude lower than L(E)C50-values reported for fish and invertebrates. To evaluate the sensitivity of marine organisms, ecotoxicity data was generated for ten species of microalgae, one invertebrate species and one fish species. For methacrylic acid, we found a marine acute toxicity that ranged from 110 to >1260 mg/l, which is comparable to reported data on freshwater organisms. In strong contrast, the resulting L(E)C50-values for acrylic acid ranged from 50 to >1000 mg/l, and there was no specific sensitivity of marine algae when compared to marine invertebrates and fish. For acrylic acid, therefore, use of the available freshwater toxicity data for an effects assessment for the marine environment is likely to overestimate the hazard and risk from this substance. Overall, the results of the study suggest that ecotoxicity data generated on freshwater species may not always be appropriate for the effects assessments of organic chemicals in the marine environment, thus emphasising the importance of using ecologically relevant data to assess environmental risk.     

The impacts of economic and environmental factors on sustainable mega project development: role of community satisfaction and social media

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study examines the impacts of different economic, environmental, and social factors on sustainable China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)...     

The role of green innovations,environmental policies and carbon taxes in achieving the sustainable development goals of carbon neutrality

The green innovations, environmental policies, and carbon taxes are the tools to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the mitigation process. This study is intended to examine the impact of innovation, carbon pricing (CTAX), environmental policies (EP), and energy consumption (ECON) on PM_2.5 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission for Central-Eastern European countries. The panel effect during 2000–2018 is tested using a dynamic panel data model while the Granger causality approach obtains country-related outcomes. The outcomes reveal that eco-friendly innovations have a more profound effect on carbon mitigation. Environmental policies reduce emissions by 2.7% in the short run and 17.4% in the long run. Similarly, CTAX mitigates GHG emissions by 8.6% in the short-run and PM2.5 by 0.9% and 5.7% in the short and long run. However, urbanization, energy consumption and trade openness are the leading polluters in the region. The main findings remain dominant in the country-specific results and find unidirectional and bidirectional causality evidence among variables. The research concludes that green innovations and strict environmental policy can lead towards achieving sustainable development goals using carbon taxes as a tool on the way.

Graphical abstract

     

Clean energy investment and financial development as determinants of environment and sustainable economic growth: evidence from China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environmental sustainability has become one of the most common phrases in discussions about climate change. This study examines the impact of clean...     

污染场地绿色可持续修复理念、工程实践及对我国的启示

经过近30年的污染场地修复实践,越来越多的人意识到传统的修复理念存在很多不足。在可持续发展的社会背景下,欧美各国积极倡导绿色可持续修复理念,全面考查污染场地的修复行为对环境、社会和经济造成的所有影响,从而使修复行为的效益最大化。本文介绍了绿色可持续修复的概念与发展情况、评估指标和方法,并分析了一个从多方面贯彻绿色可持续修复原则的工程实践案例。最后,从加强行业和公众的教育培训、构建基于国情的绿色可持续修复评估框架、强化场地前期调查、提高社会利益相关方的参预性等几方面,对我国推进绿色可持续修复的发展提出建议。     

环保科技投入与环保产业发展的区域差异研究

采用多维区域差异指数衡量了 1994— 2 0 0 0年间环保科技投入的地区差异和 1996— 2 0 0 0年间环保产业年产值的地区间差异 ,得到了两者的年度变化趋势 ,并分析了近年来环保科技投入地区差异扩大的原因。     

快速生物活性检测仪RBAT的研制

生物活性是污水处理厂好氧生物处理单元的重要运行指标。本研究基于好氧呼吸速率的双Monod模型推导了生物活性参数的计算公式 ,结合原理性实验 ,介绍了快速生物活性的测量过程和原理 ,并选择单参数法进行生物活性参数的计算 ,同时基于上述原理和开放式体系结构设计了快速生物活性检测设备 ,并进行了实际污水处理厂的测量实验。在多次实验中 ,测量结果稳定 ,活性参数能够可靠地描述污泥的状态。结果表明 ,快速生物活性检测仪性能可靠 ,是水处理过程研究和运行控制中反映活性污泥特性的良好测试手段 ,有较好的应用前景     

Application of rare-earth elements in the agriculture of China and its environmental behavior in soil

Rare-earth elements (REEs) have been used in fertilizers in the agriculture of China for about 20 years. They have been shown to be beneficial elements for plants. For example, they have improved the yield and quality for several kinds of crops. This paper reviews the current literature on studies of REEs being used as fertilizers. Some studies have focused on the effects of REEs on metabolic nutrients, photosynthesis and stress resistance of plants. Other studies have shown that the environmental behaviors of REEs in soil are dominated by their low solubility. Fluorides, carbonates, phosphates and hydroxides may form neutral complexes containing REEs with a low solubility. The amount of extraneous REEs demonstrate the following relationship: residual > bound to organic matter > bound to Fe-Mn oxides > bound to carbonate > exchangeable and water soluble forms. The adsorption capacity of REEs depends on the clay type and the content of amorphous and manganese oxides, whereas the desorption of REEs is usually very low. At the end of the paper, authors discuss the needs for future environmental research on REEs, which would shed new light on the effects of REEs on agriculture, environment and human health.     

Potential for cascading impacts of environmental change and policy on indigenous culture

Global environmental and societal changes threaten the cultures of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC). Despite the importance of IPLC worldviews and knowledge to sustaining human well-being and biodiversity, risks to these cultural resources are commonly neglected in environmental governance, in part because impacts can be indirect and therefore difficult to evaluate. Here, we investigate the connectivity of values associated with the relationship Ngātiwai (a New Zealand Māori tribe) have with their environment. We show that mapping the architecture of values-environment relationships enables assessment of how deep into culture the impacts of environmental change or policy can cascade. Our results detail how loss of access to key environmental elements could potentially have extensive direct and cascading impacts on the cultural values of Ngātiwai, including environmental responsibilities. Thus, considering only direct effects of environmental change or policy on cultural resources, or treating IPLC social-ecological relations simplistically, can severely underestimate threats to cultures.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01670-3.