滤膜采样氟离子选择电极法测定大气中氟化物的改进研究

根据滤膜采样氟离子选择电极法测定大气中氟化物的实践经验,对氟离子选择电极法进行改进。该改进方法经过大气样品和氟化物标准样品的实验验证,结果表明:标准样品的标准偏差为0.010~0.019 mg/L,相对标准偏差为3.0%~3.2%;大气样品的标准偏差为0.11μg/m3,相对标准偏差为4.3%;加标回收率为95%~105%。说明该方法的精密度好,准确度高,符合国家标准的要求。实验证明改进方法测定结果准确,操作简便、快捷。     

离子色谱法测定大气降水中的氟离子、乙酸、甲酸、氯离子、硝酸根和硫酸根离子

用氢氧化钾淋洗离子色谱法同时测定降水样品中的氟离子、乙酸、甲酸、氯离子、硝酸根、硫酸根离子等无机和有机阴离子。该方法简便、快速、精密度好、6种阴离子在12min内全部分析完毕。8次测试的相对标准偏差小于2.8%,检出限在0.39~7.6μg/L之间,加标回收率在94.7%~105.3%之间,能满足降水样品中阴离子的检测,是降水样品中阴离子检测的理想方法。     

称样量对氟离子选择性电极测定结果的影响

本文探讨了用浸提——氟电极法测定植物样品时,样品的称量对测定结果的影响,对“环境监测杆准分析方法” 中有关这个问题的看法提出异议,认为产生这种影响的原因主要是离子活度和干扰离子影响二个方面。     

超声波萃取-GC/MS法测定土壤中多氯联苯

建立了超声波萃取、氟罗里硅土柱净化、气相色谱/质谱联用选择离子扫描模式测定土壤样品中多氯联苯Arochlor系列的方法.方法线性良好,灵敏度高,RSD为9.5%～12.2%,加标回收率为65.0%～105%,标准土壤样品的测定结果也符合要求.     

尿液中氟化物的离子选择电极法测定

本文叙述了用离子选择电极直接测定尿液中氟化物的分析方法,并通过实验对标准系列的制备、尿液的预处理、加入“假尿溶液”的必要性和样品存放时间等问题进行了探讨。结果表明,用本方法测定尿液中氟含量简捷、快速,方法最低检出限为０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,无机氟加标回收率为９５～１０３％。     

对离子计各功能监测水中氟的探讨

对离子计各功能监测水中氟的探讨余妙玲（广东佛山市环境监测站,５２８０００）近年来,利用离子计测定样品中含氟的量已普遍被人们采用。氟离子选择电极具有设备简单、操作方便、分析费用低,并能在许多其它离子存在下对氟离子具有高度选择性。克服过去用分光光度法分析...     

碱熔浸取-离子选择电极法测定沉积物中总氟

采用氢氧化钠高温熔融浸取沉积物,用离子选择电极法测定浸取液中的总氟,通过试验确定最佳浸取条件,使方法在5.00μg~500μg范围内线性良好。当取样量为0.2 g时,方法检出限为12.4 mg/kg。用该方法测定沉积物有证标准物质,结果均在标准值范围内,测定3个沉积物实际样品,总氟质量比为254 mg/kg~1 389 mg/kg,6次测定结果的RSD为4.1%~4.8%,3个质量比水平加标回收率为99.2%~101%。     

微库仑法和离子色谱法测定土壤中可吸附有机卤素

采用振荡吸附处理土壤样品,用微库仑法和离子色谱法分别测定土壤中的可吸附有机卤素(AOX)。通过优化样品前处理条件以提高AOX的提取效率,上述两种方法检出限分别为15.3 mg/kg和16.3 mg/kg, 4-氯苯酚作为标准物质的加标回收率分别为92.2%～95.0%和77.7%～80.2%。两种方法测定实际土壤样品中AOX,6次测定结果的RSD为5.4%～19.2%。GSS系列标准土壤试验结果表明,振荡吸附处理样品,用微库仑法和离子色谱法在测定样品中AOX时测定结果区别不大,土壤中AOX含量与卤素含量无直接关系。     

羊八井地热区典型植物对氟的吸附富集特征探究

采用水浴提取法处理羊八井地热区土壤和植物样品中可溶性氟,并用离子选择性电极法测定提取液及地热水中的氟。结果表明,地热水中氟离子最高为162 mg/L,土壤和植物中水溶性氟分别为347 mg/kg~937 mg/kg和189 mg/kg~164 mg/kg。氟离子在不同植物中的分布差异较大,嵩草属植物富集氟离子的能力最强,故可利用植物修复技术对高氟地热水、土壤净化处理,以降低氟污染。     

离子色谱法测定食品中的硝酸根和其他无机阴离子

本文用离子色谱法测定罐头食品及饮料中的硝酸根、亚硝酸根、氟离子、氯离子及硫酸根。试验了从各种固体样品提取的条件。测定了各种类型食品中的这五个阴离子。     

离子选择电极法测定土壤中水溶性氟

阐述了离子选择电极法测定土壤中水溶性氟的方法。进行了缓冲液用量、浸取时间，水土比等条件实验。该方法精密度好、准确度高，适用于不同类型的土壤中水溶性氟的测定。     

铁和铝离子对土壤水溶性氟化物检测的干扰研究

通过离子选择电极法测定Fe3+和Al3+不同含量的土壤样品中水溶性氟化物试验,研究Fe3+和Al3+对测定的干扰与消除方法,证实了在总离子强度调节缓冲溶液共存下,Fe3+和Al3+对土壤提取液中水溶性氟化物检测结果存在不同程度的负干扰。选择6种代表性土壤样品,在水溶性氟化物提取液中加入20 mg/L的Al3+和100 mg/L的Fe3+做干扰试验,比较了分取不同体积土壤提取液对氟化物检测结果的影响,结果表明,对水溶性ρ(Fe3+)和ρ(Al3+)高的土壤样品,可选择减少提取液取样体积来消除干扰。选取的5种标准样品测试结果与标准值相符,干扰消除方法具有良好的适用性。     

水蒸气蒸馏-离子选择电极法测定矿冶废水中氟化物

建立了采用水蒸气蒸馏进行预处理,用离子选择电极法测定矿冶废水中的氟化物的方法.实验表明,以硫酸为蒸馏试剂,最佳蒸馏条件为,硫酸用量50 mL,蒸馏温度140 ～150℃,蒸馏时间30 min,方法检出限0.05 mg/L.将该方法用于实际样品分析,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.0％,加标回收率为93.1％.该方法能够有效...     

离子色谱法测定地表水和饮用水中亚氯酸盐、溴酸盐和氯酸盐

采用KOH梯度淋洗离子色谱法测定地表水和饮用水中ClO2-、BrO3-和ClO3-,在试验确定的条件下,3种离子与F-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO2-4、Br-、I-等7种离子分离度良好。 ClO2-、BrO3-、ClO3-在50．0μg/L～1000μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限分别为5．2μg/L、8．9μg/L、7．6μg/L,环境水样加标平行测定的RSD分别为2．1％～5．4％、4．1％～5．4％、2．5％～4．8％,两个质量浓度水平加标的平均回收率分别为93．7％～96．5％、90．3％～94．8％、98．7％～111％。     

Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) bioaccessibility in various soils from south China

Serious problems are faced in several parts of the world due to the presence of high concentration of fluoride in drinking water which causes dental and skeletal fluorosis to humans. Nalgonda district in Andhra Pradesh, India is one such region where high concentration of fluoride is present in groundwater. Since there are no major studies in the recent past, the present study was carried out to understand the present status of groundwater quality in Nalgonda and also to assess the possible causes for high concentration of fluoride in groundwater. Samples from 45 wells were collected once every 2 months and analyzed for fluoride concentration using an ion chromatograph. The fluoride concentration in groundwater of this region ranged from 0.1 to 8.8 mg/l with a mean of 1.3 mg/l. About 52% of the samples collected were suitable for human consumption. However, 18% of the samples were having less than the required limit of 0.6 mg/l, and 30% of the samples possessed high concentration of fluoride, i.e., above 1.5 mg/l. Weathering of rocks and evaporation of groundwater are responsible for high fluoride concentration in groundwater of this area apart from anthropogenic activities including irrigation which accelerates weathering of rocks.     

古泊善后河水质污染特征及污染来源调查

以2016—2020年古泊善后河国家和省级地表水监测网水质例行监测数据为依据,采用水质指数法(WQI)对古泊善后河水质污染状况进行综合评价;基于水质评价结果,选取影响最大的两项指标COD_Mn和TP,于2020年10月对古泊善后河开展加密监测,调查分析污染来源。结果表明,2016—2020年古泊善后河水质波动变化较大,汛期降雨对水质下降影响明显,COD_Mn、TP、COD_Cr、氟化物和BOD₅是影响古泊善后河水质的主要指标;加密监测期间,古泊善后河干流水质COD_Mn和TP指标浓度分别升高28.9%、38.3%,其中宿迁段升幅显著高于连云港段;支流水质超Ⅲ类比例为22.9%,劣Ⅴ比例为6.3%;部分乡镇生活污水直排和持续降雨将农田中高浓度污染物冲刷进河流支浜,是导致水质下降的主要原因。     

离子色谱法测定空气中氟化氢氯化氢和硫酸

以多孔玻板吸收管采样,采用离子色谱法同时测定作业场所空气中的氟化氢、氯化氢和硫酸,采样效率>92%。氟化氢在0 mg/L～2.00 mg/L、氯化氢在0 mg/L～2.50 mg/L、硫酸在0 mg/L～4.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限分别为0.003 mg/m3、0.02 mg/m3、0.023 mg/m3(按采样体积60 L计),标准溶液平行测定的RSD≤8.0%,两个质量浓度水平加标的平均回收率为92.6%～106%。     

Simultaneous extraction of bromide, chloride, fluoride and sulfate from soils, waste- and building materials

The simultaneous extraction of bromide, chloride, fluoride and sulfate was studied in soils, waste- and building materials. Acid, neutral and alkaline extractants were used; 0.01 mol l(-1) H(3)PO(4), milliQ-water and 0.01 mol l(-1) NaOH, respectively. The extracts were analysed by ion chromatography and ion selective electrode. Extracted concentrations were compared with the amount obtained by an alkaline smelt, as an approximation of the total extractable content. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in extraction behaviour between waste- and building materials and soils. Bromide and chloride were in general completely extracted from the former solid materials, but less than 10% and 50%, respectively, from soils. Fluoride is strongly bound in all investigated samples; less than 10% of the total content was extracted with any of the three extractants. The fraction of extracted sulfate varied between 4 and 87% of the total content, and was in general larger in waste- and building materials than in soils. Differences in extracted concentration between the 3 extractants occurred mainly for fluoride and sulfate. Extracted bromide was similar with all three extractants and extracted chloride showed differences for the various soil samples only. Increasing the NaOH concentration up to 1 mol l(-1) resulted mainly in an increase of extracted amount of fluoride and for soils also in extracted amounts of bromide and sulfate. Although, the results show that the composition of the solid material strongly influences the final pH of the extract and the extracted amount of investigated anions, application of Milli-Q water as an extractant might be a very fruitful option within the development of the Dutch Building Materials Decree.     

单柱阳离子色谱快速分析白云石中高含量钙镁

采用离子色谱法同时测定白云石中高含量钙镁,该法与目前使用的络合滴定法相比,具有准确可靠、操作简便快速、无干扰等特点。对样品测定取得了满意的结果,氧化钙与镁瓣含量分别为３１．９９％和２１．４７％,相对标准偏差分别为０．８１％和０．６５％,平均回收率分别９９．９％和１０２％。