个人行为改善与减缓气候变暖研究

不断增加的能源消耗造成温室气体排放的增加,导致气候变暖,并且气候变暖在日益加剧。个人行为也是造成气候变暖的重要原因之一。应对气候变暖,除采取清洁发展机制等从排放源减少排放外,改善人们行为来减少排放也是实现气候目标的重要途径。本文在分析了个人行为对气候的影响、个人行为改善的途径及促进个人行为改善实例研究的基础上,提出了促进改善个人行为、减缓气候变暖的建议。     

环保小品——气候变暖

小明、小玲和小青分别在自己家里给亲戚打电话。小明在电话里对广东的姥姥说:"姥姥,今年夏天我们去您那儿好吗?"姥姥说:"千万不行,广东这儿又停电又停水!"小玲在电话里对东北的姑姑说:"今年寒假我们去您那儿滑雪,行吗?"     

气候变暖给人类健康带来哪些危害？

大家还清楚记得,今年南方雨雪灾难,长江流域水灾如今西藏、新疆暴发雪灾,广西又犯水灾。这些都在说明极端天气暴发的频次再逐渐增加,严重威胁着人类生产生活甚至生命安全。气候变暧是导致灾难多次暴发的直接原因,也是主要原因,其对人类健康的威胁也在加剧。     

气候变暖北半球甚于南半球

世界气象组织最近公布的2006年气象统计报告表明,地球的温暖化倾向北半球甚于南半球。地球的平均气温1961年到1990年间与1997年到2006年间相比,南半球上升了0．27℃,北半球则上升了0．53℃;2006年与1961年到1990年间相比,北半球上升了0．58℃,而南半球只上升了0．26℃。世界气象组织指出,     

全球变暖对人类健康的影响与对策研究

全球变暖是当前人类所面临的一个非常严重的环境问题。全球变暖等环境问题的产生是与人类的各种活动息息相关的,环境的恶化必将给人类的健康带来严重的后果。本文吸收了较新的科学发现对全球变暖成因进行了阐述;综合该领域近年的研究进展,将全球变暖对人类健康的影响纳为三个方面,并作了比较详尽的分析;从多个方面探讨了应对策略。     

气候变暖将引发公共卫生危机

一位美国权威专家2月20日说,全球气候变暖已是正在发生的事实,人们应该警惕气候变暖带来的公共卫生危机,特别是热浪和空气污染导致的疾病和大规模传染病等。     

颠覆性创新,减缓全球气候变暖

高科技技术的研发成本很高,同时学习的过程也很漫长。而颠覆性的创新则会为我们占得先机,开创一片未知的全新领域。安装一块小小的空调导风罩就能节电40%;通过加入特殊的无毒物质,使燃点达到650度后,垃圾就能实现完全燃烧,最终达到无害化处理……6月22日,在英国总领事馆文化教育处与中国科学技术交流中心合办的气候变化报道媒体研修班上,本刊记者有幸了解了目前针对如何实现低碳     

浅论全球气候变暖及其预防对策

对全球气候变暖现象的危害及起因进行了分析,提出了改善全球气候变暖现象的措施和建议。     

垃圾焚烧烟气净化处理技术

为了避免城市生活垃圾焚烧对环境产生二次污染,必须对垃圾焚烧烟气进行净化处理才能排放。而二恶英的存在又对烟气净化技术提出更高的要求。因此采用先进的烟气净化处理技术和和高效的运行管理方式是防止二次污染的关键。     

Life-cycle cost-benefit analysis of extensive vegetated roof systems

The built environment has been a significant cause of environmental degradation in the previously undeveloped landscape. As public and private interest in restoring the environmental integrity of urban areas continues to increase, new construction practices are being developed that explicitly value beneficial environmental characteristics. The use of vegetation on a rooftop--commonly called a green roof--as an alternative to traditional roofing materials is an increasingly utilized example of such practices. The vegetation and growing media perform a number of functions that improve environmental performance, including: absorption of rainfall, reduction of roof temperatures, improvement in ambient air quality, and provision of urban habitat. A better accounting of the green roof's total costs and benefits to society and to the private sector will aid in the design of policy instruments and educational materials that affect individual decisions about green roof construction. This study uses data collected from an experimental green roof plot to develop a benefit cost analysis (BCA) for the life cycle of extensive (thin layer) green roof systems in an urban watershed. The results from this analysis are compared with a traditional roofing scenario. The net present value (NPV) of this type of green roof currently ranges from 10% to 14% more expensive than its conventional counterpart. A reduction of 20% in green roof construction cost would make the social NPV of the practice less than traditional roof NPV. Considering the positive social benefits and relatively novel nature of the practice, incentives encouraging the use of this practice in highly urbanized watersheds are strongly recommended.     

Green supply chain initiatives among certified companies in Malaysia and environmental sustainability: Investigating the outcomes

The relationship between green supply chain initiatives and performance outcomes has been subject to numerous studies but the results are not conclusive. This study tries to assess the actual environmental, economic and intangible outcomes resulting from the adoption of green supply chain initiatives. This study used a structured questionnaire derived from the literature and employing a mail survey to collect responses form a group of 569 ISO 14001 certified firms in Malaysia. The results of testing the hypotheses that predicted that green supply chain initiatives have positive effect on the outcomes showed that eco-design have significant positive effect on the four types of outcomes (environmental outcomes, economic outcomes, cost reductions, and intangible outcomes). Reverse logistics was found to have significant positive effect on cost reductions only. However, green purchasing was not found to have significant effect on any of the four types of outcome. Through designing environmentally friendly products and taking back products and packaging, business organizations can generate benefits to the environment, in the form of reduced waste and better resource utilization, in addition to economic benefits and cost reductions to the organizations.     

Radiative Forcing Due to Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Finland: Methods for Estimating Forcing of a Country or an Activity

The objective of this study was to assess the radiative forcing due to Finnish anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in three scenarios. All the Kyoto Protocol gases, i.e., CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, and fluorinated gases, were included. The calculations showed that forcing due to Finnish emissions will increase in the case of all gases except methane by the year 2100. In 1990, radiative forcing due to Finland's emission history of all Kyoto Protocol gases was 3.2 mW/m², of which 71% was due to carbon dioxide, 17% to methane, and the rest to nitrous oxide. In 1990 the share of fluorinated gases was negligible. The share of methane in radiative forcing is decreasing, whereas the shares of carbon dioxide and of fluorinated gases are increasing and that of nitrous oxide remains nearly constant. The nonlinear features concerning additional concentrations in the atmosphere and radiative forcing due to emissions caused by a single country or activity are also considered. Radiative forcing due to Finnish emissions was assessed with two different approaches, the marginal forcing approach and the averaged forcing approach. The impact of the so-called background scenario, i.e., the scenario for concentration caused by global emissions, was also estimated. The difference between different forcing models at its highest was 40%, and the averaged forcing approach appeared to be the more recommendable. The effect of background concentrations in the studied cases was up to 11%. Hence, the choice of forcing model and background scenario should be given particular attention.     

印度尼西亚森林大火的影响及思考

本文从空气污染、经济损失和珍稀野生动物濒临灭绝三个方面剖析了印度尼西亚森林大火给人类带来的灾难性影响,并就如何保护人类的生存环境、减少环境灾难,提出了加强国民环境意识教育、加强全球合作等措施。     

我国可持续发展中的绿色技术体系

本文在剖析绿色技术的概念内涵与特征的基础上,构建了由清洁生产技术、资源化技术、末端治理技术、生态农业技术、绿色食品技术、清洁消费技术与生态恢复技术等为主要内容的我国绿色技术体系,并从行政、经济、法律、教育及科研等五个方面阐述了促进我国可持续发展的绿色技术实施策略。     

用能产品绿色设计浅议

随着全球环境问题日益加剧,绿色设计已经逐渐成为人们关注的焦点.与非用能产品相比,用能产品的特性决定了它在整个生命周期中会对环境产生更为严重的影响.因此,把绿色设计方法集成到用能产品的设计流程中,提高产品的环境性能,具有重要的现实意义.     

绿色食品与农业环境保护

“绿色食品”，是出自最佳生态环境，带来最强生命活力的无公害健康食品。本文从介绍我国开发“绿色食品”的概况入手，阐述了保护农业生态环境对开发“绿色食品”的重要性和必要性。结合四川实际，从农业环境保护的角度，提出了加快发展“绿色食品”，必须抓好“四个结合”的对策措施，供有关部门领导参考。     

Greenery on residential buildings: Does it affect preferences and perceptions of beauty?

Recently there has been a surge in the number of green roofs and façades (vegetation on the roofs & walls of a building) installed in the UK, with advocation of their use by policy-makers and claims that they are aesthetically pleasing and promote restoration. But these claims rely on generalisations from different landscapes, raising concerns about validity. The present study examined whether houses with vegetation would be more preferred than those without, be perceived as more beautiful and restorative, and have a more positive affective quality. Differences between types of building-integrated vegetation were also examined. Two studies were conducted: an online survey in which participants (N = 188) rated photographs of houses with and without vegetation on each of these measures, and interviews (N = 8) which examined preference and installation concerns. Results showed that houses with (some types of) building-integrated vegetation were significantly more preferred, beautiful, restorative, and had a more positive affective quality than those without. The ivy façade and meadow roof rated highest on each. These findings are consistent with other areas of landscape research and the claims of those in the industry, and suggest that building-integrated vegetation would be a valuable addition to the urban environment.     

绿色环保修井作业配套装置的研究与应用

油水井小修作业施工时,在起下油杆、油管和清蜡作业中,油杆、油管会将井内油水带出地面,对作业施工现场和周围环境造成污染。为解决这一问题,研究开发了一套绿色环保修井作业配套装置。从油井修井作业过程中的起下油杆、起下油管、清蜡作业三道作业工序,控制井内油水的排放,减少对周围环境的污染,消除安全隐患,实现绿色环保作业,节约了作业成本,提高了经济效益。