自贡市釜溪河流域2011～2020年水质特征分析

为改善釜溪河断面水环境质量,采用河流水质单因子评价法,利用近十年的水质监测数据,分析自贡市釜溪河流域地表水环境质量的变化情况.结果表明:通过优化企业布局、生活污水厂提标改造、启用一体化应急处理设施、生态补水等方式,釜溪河流域水质总体呈好转趋势,2019年碳研所断面氨氮、总磷、溶解氧浓度分别较2011年变化了-91.0％...     

濑溪河泸县段水质评价与治理建议

本文运用综合污染指数法对濑溪河泸县段天竺寺大桥和官渡大桥上、下两个断面的水质进行现状评价和污染变化规律分析,表明濑溪河泸县段污染情况逐年恶化,超标频率和倍数都成上升趋势,枯水月份、平水月份、丰水月份分别对水体污染起着不同的作用,在丰水月份来临之前、之后的平水月份非点源污染污染突出,可见濑溪河泸县段非点源污染在濑溪河的水体污染中占有一定的比重,濑溪河泸县段水质状况不容乐观,亟待加强水质污染的防治和控制力度,并提出治理的建议。     

三峡库区澎溪河营养盐时空变化特征及富营养化评价

为考察三峡库区澎溪河营养盐的时空分布特征及营养状态,于2013~2014年对澎溪河不同断面透明度、高锰酸盐指数以及总氮、氨氮、总磷、叶绿素a的含量进行取样调查,对营养盐的时空变化特征进行分析,结合相关性分析,利用单因子法和综合营养状态指数法评价水体营养盐结构和营养状态。结果发现,澎溪河营养盐具有明显的季节差异性和空间分布差异性。相关性分析表明澎溪河上游河段叶绿素a含量与透明度、高锰酸盐指数、总氮含量、总磷含量的线性相关性不显著,而中段高阳渡口叶绿素a含量与总磷含量呈极显著正相关。单因子法评价结果显示,澎溪河水质为Ⅱ~Ⅲ类。水体综合营养状态指标范围为56~135,处于富营养至重度富营养化状态之间;春季3~5月及秋季10月,部分断面富营养化状态极高。     

辽河盘锦段控制单元水质分析与评价

通过分析2019年盘锦市5个控制单元内6个监测断面的逐月水质数据,依据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002),采用单因子评价法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对各断面水质进行评价,对比2种评价结果,选择内梅罗综合污染指数法的结果作为最终评价结果.评价结果显示,辽河公园断面不存在污染问题,赵圈河断面、兴安断面以及三岔河...     

釜溪河城区河段漂浮植物污染现状及防治建议

本文对釜溪河城区河段漂浮植物进行了分类,对漂浮植物疯长成因、危害及水质污染现状进行了分析,并提出了防治建议。     

沱江和釜溪河的氨治理及氨回收

本文介绍了沱江和釜溪河近年来的氨污染现状及危害，认为氨是应治理的首位污染物；简要分析了生物、化学、物理化学三类除氨方法的优缺点；着重介绍了吹脱法除氨技术，提出用吹脱法治理沱江和釜溪河的无机氨污染，并进行了上述各法的经济效益比较     

自贡市完成《釜溪河水质评价及污染防治对策研究》课题

由城乡建设环境保护部和四川省科委共同立项支持的四川省“六五”期间重点攻关课题“釜溪河水质评价及污染防止治对策研究”,经过自贡市五百多名科技人员连续两年多攻关,现已全面完成,并于1986年6月16日通过部、省级鉴定。     

控制生活污水污染改善釜溪河水质

通过对生活污水的监测得出,自贡市城区河段受生活污水的污染。因此,应兴建城市污水处理厂,改善釜溪河水质。     

地震对城乡地表水水质长期影响分析——以四川省宝兴县为例

为研究地震前后地表水水质变化规律,以2013年4月20日雅安地震重灾区—宝兴县地表水水质变化为例,对2012 ～2019年宝兴县赵家坝断面地表水水质监测数据收集整理,单因子评价法、污染指数法(单项污染指数、综合污染指数和有机污染综合指数)和水质指数模式优化法对地震前后地表水质进行分析.结果 表明,此次地震引起水体中污染...     

嘉陵江南充段水质监测分析与综合评价

本文依据南充市2011年~2013年嘉陵江流域水环境监测统计资料,采用单因子评价法和综合污染指数法分析与综合评价嘉陵江南充段水质污染特征和现状。结果表明,研究河段内的清泉寺、小渡口和李渡断面总氮含量超标属于地表水Ⅳ类水体,超标倍数年均值分别0.21、0.35、0.37,其他监测项目符合Ⅲ类水质标准,均属于轻度污染。彩虹桥断面总氮、总磷、氨氮、CODMn和BOD5含量超过Ⅲ类标准,均在Ⅳ~Ⅴ类范围,属于中度污染。综合分析嘉陵江南充段,水质主要污染指标为总氮,综合污染指数为0.38,水质综合评价结果属轻度污染。该评价结果能为嘉陵江流域的水环境保护和科学治理提供依据。     

用浮游植物评价淮南市窑河水域的水质状况

利用浮游植物的种类组成、种群数量、优势种和污染指示种,同时运用Margalef多样性指数、shanon wieder多样性指数及硅藻指数等群落生态学的基本方法,结合三种指数之间的相关性,研究得出窑河水域的污染程度依次为高塘湖<窑河<淮河。     

Using a Multi-Component Indicator Toward Reducing Phytoplankton Bloom Occurrences in the Swan River Estuary

The Swan River estuary is an icon of the city of Perth, Western Australia, running through the city centre and dividing the northern from the southern part of the city. However, frequent phytoplankton blooms have been observed in the estuary as a result of eutrophication. The Index of Sustainable Functionality (ISF), a composite index able to indicate for sustainable health of the estuary, was applied, taking into account the hydrology and highly seasonal nature of the estuary to inform the management of the estuary, towards the aim of reducing bloom occurrences. The study period was from the beginning of intensive monitoring in 1995 to mid-2009. The results emphasize the importance of physical controls on the ecology of the estuary. No significant trend in the estuary's low functionality was found, indicating that despite extensive restoration efforts, the frequency of algal bloom occurrences has remained relatively stationary and other mitigating factors have maintained an annual average ISF value at around 70 % functionality. We identified that the low flow season consistently performs the worst, with (high) temperature found as the most dominant variable for phytoplankton growth and bloom. Thus in managing the estuary, vigilance is required during periods of high temperature and low flow. Focusing on the risk of phytoplankton bloom, a nutrient reduction program that is in place is a long term solution due to high concentrations in the estuary. Other management measures need to be considered and adopted to effectively reduce the occurrences of future phytoplankton blooms.     

Analysis of Phytoplankton Community Structure Using Similarity Indices: A New Methodology for Discriminating Among Eutrophication Levels in Coastal Marine Ecosystems

Nine similarity indices based on phytoplankton community structure were examined for their sensitivity to assess different levels of eutrophication. Two phytoplankton data sets, one from an open coastal system and one from a semi-enclosed gulf, associated with different nutrient dynamics and circulation patterns were used for evaluating the indices. The results have shown that similarity indices, measuring interspecific association and resemblance of phytoplankton communities between enriched areas and control sites, were effective for detecting spatial and temporal dissimilarities in coastal marine ecosystems. The structure of the oligotrophic habitat as a potential source of ambiguity for the results was discussed, whereas the validity ranges and the potential applicability of this method were deemed to be dependent on the size of the fraction of the common species among the samples, and the similarity of the classification patterns resulted from this subcategory and those extracted from the overall community data. Furthermore, the study provides a new technique based on the use of the “Box and Whisker Plot” designed to distinguish opportunistic and rare phytoplanktonic species. The similarity indices, applied solely to the dominant species abundance, were more sensitive to resolve eutrophic, mesotrophic and oligotrophic conditions. This procedure can be proposed as an effective methodology for water characterization and can also be used as a qualitative tracer for detecting renewal processes of coastal marine ecosystems.     

Nutrient and Phytoplankton Analysis of a Mediterranean Coastal Area

Identifying and quantifying the key anthropogenic nutrient input sources are essential to adopting management measures that can target input for maximum effect in controlling the phytoplankton biomass. In this study, three systems characterized by distinctive main nutrient sources were sampled along a Mediterranean coast transect. These sources were groundwater discharge in the Ahuir area, the Serpis river discharge in the Venecia area, and a submarine wastewater outfall 1,900 m from the coast. The study area includes factors considered important in determining a coastal area as a sensitive area: it has significant nutrient sources, tourism is a major source of income in the region, and it includes an area of high water residence time (Venecia area) which is affected by the harbor facilities and by wastewater discharges. We found that in the Ahuir and the submarine wastewater outfall areas, the effects of freshwater inputs were reduced because of a greater water exchange with the oligotrophic Mediterranean waters. On the other hand, in the Venecia area, the highest levels of nutrient concentration and phytoplankton biomass were attributed to the greatest water residence time. In this enclosed area, harmful dinoflagellates were detected (Alexandrium sp. and Dinophysis caudata). If the planned enlargement of the Gandia Harbor proceeds, it may increase the vulnerability of this system and provide the proper conditions of confinement for the dinoflagellate blooms’ development. Management measures should first target phosphorus inputs as this is the most potential-limiting nutrient in the Venecia area and comes from a point source that is easier to control. Finally, we recommend that harbor environmental management plans include regular monitoring of water quality in adjacent waters to identify adverse phytoplankton community changes.     

荧光法快速测定浮游植物以及应用于梅梁湖预警监测可行性探讨

YSI 6600-V2多功能水质自动监测仪采用荧光原理快速测定水体中浮游植物蓝绿藻的密度,梅梁湖夏季水华高发期时,湖体中的浮游植物几乎全部是蓝绿藻。传统的浮游植物监测前处理方面就需要24~48 h,最终要数天后才有镜检结果,导致浮游植物数据滞后,不能很好的应用到预警监测中。通过比对相关性验证,保证荧光法数据的可信度,提高工作效率,为预警监测提供有力的支持。     

升钟水库富营养状况及生物群落调查评价

根据2008～2009年对升钟水库的逐月监测结果,采用综合营养状态指数法,对湖泊富营养化现状进行了评价,并对水库的浮游植物群落种类和密度进行了定性定量分析。结果表明,水库目前处于中营养状态,但在初夏和秋季由于温度和降水等气象条件的影响,可达到轻度富营养,其程度随季节变化明显：初夏和初秋形成高峰,冬、春季为低谷。从生物群落分析,浮游植物种类及密度在不同季节差别较大,初春及夏季的较其他季节多、冬季最低,优势种为蓝绿藻和硅藻。     

涪江流域遂宁段生态环境监测与水质污染现状评价

为研究涪江遂宁段河流水环境质量和污染现状,对水体中基本理化指标和细菌总数、粪大肠茵群数、浮游藻类组成等生物指标进行了监测和综合分析,并采用了单因子评价法和综合污染指数法对其进行水质污染现状进行了评价。结果表明,该流域境内香山和郭江属地表水Ⅳ类中度污染,污染指标总氮、总磷和BOD;超标倍数分别为0．76、0．26、0．02和0．39、0．24、0．03;跑马滩属地表水Ⅳ类中度污染,总氮和BOD,超标倍数为0．08、0．13;米家桥和老池属于Ⅲ类轻度污染;总氮、总磷和BOD,断面超标率分别为60％、40％、60％。此外,各监测断面水体中细菌总数、大肠菌群数及藻类组成均差异明显,变化趋势与水质理化指标基本吻合。细菌总数变化趋势为郭江〉跑马滩〉香山〉米家桥〉老池,郭江细菌总数2．36×10^7cfu／mL,比跑马滩、香山高、米家桥和老池分别高23.7％和41．5％．56．25倍和65．5倍。     

九寨沟白水河污染特征研究

通过对2012年4月～2013年3月九寨沟白水河不同断面水样分析,研究了《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）中表1“地表水环境质量标准基本项目”的含量变化,并对铬、镉、硒、铜、汞、锌、铅、砷、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数进行污染状况评价。结果显示：镉、铜、汞、锌、铅均未检出;对铬、砷、硒、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数等有检出项目进行单项污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价,水样中铬、砷、硒、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数全年监测平均浓度分别为0．294μg／L、0．024μg／L、0．084μg／L、0．187mg／L、0．695mg／L,用国家水质环境标准的一级标准,所有监测点位（PN〈1）未超标。从单因子污染指数来看,高锰酸盐指数在4月、7月、10月P,〉1,属于轻度污染,初步推断人为活动所致。通过本文的研究发现九寨沟水质依然较好,未受到污染。