牵引电机转子制作过程中转轴表面腐蚀原因分析

本文通过对转轴材质分析、表面腐蚀产物分析、关键工艺环节分析和模拟试验,系统讨论了南车电机公司某型牵引电机转子制作过程中转轴腐蚀的主要原因,着重于寻找影响电机转轴腐蚀的主要工艺环节.最终,针对影响电机转轴腐蚀的主要工艺环节提出了相应的防腐蚀措施建议.     

某天然气处理厂压缩机噪声分析及治理方案

苏里格气田某天然气处理厂增压站天然气压缩机在运行过程中厂界噪声超过GB 12348—2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》2类标准,通过分析压缩机组运行时产生的噪声源特性,结合国内降噪治理技术现状,提出3种治理方案,利用声学模拟软件对治理效果进行模拟,结果表明:在室外空冷器区域设置降噪房、消音器以及压缩机房降噪升级治理后,厂界噪声可满足GB 12348—2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》2类标准,为该处理厂噪声治理提供了参考依据。     

连接器和继电器自然暴露和盐雾试验腐蚀效应分析

在热带海洋气候环境自然暴露试验站开展了连接器、继电器自然暴露棚下试验,同时实验室开展了模拟盐雾试验,获得了电连接器、继电器腐蚀效应试验结果。通过自然暴露试验与模拟试验的元器件腐蚀生成物形貌、成分和腐蚀机理对比分析,得出了自然暴露试验和模拟环境试验在腐蚀形貌和机理上的不同,为后续实验室模拟试验条件的制定提供参考,为器件的防腐蚀提供基础数据。     

碳钢和低合金钢模拟加速试验与大气腐蚀试验的相关性

通过对碳钢和低合金钢的中性盐雾,酸性盐雾试验,并与万宁和江津试验站的大气腐蚀试验结果对比和分析,论述了模拟加速试验与大气腐蚀试验的相关性,确定了模拟加速试验的加速性和重现性。     

压缩机排气管消声器的声学特性研究

在家用空调室外机中,压缩机作为主要的振动噪声源,通常通过冷媒在配管系统中的传播降低压缩机噪声,并在排气管段设置了消声器。建立了消声器的声学模型,通过边界元方法对消声器的声学性能进行数值模拟,分析了扩张腔直径、插入深度、穿孔数和穿孔直径对消声器传递损失的影响。结果表明:在压缩机噪声主要频段,随着扩张腔直径、插入深度、穿孔数和穿孔直径的增大,消声器的传递损失基本增大;随着扩张腔直径、插入深度的增大会使传递损失的有效长度变短;穿孔数和穿孔直径的增大基本不改变传递损失的有效长度,会增大传递损失;因此在设计时,可增大穿孔直径和穿孔数量。     

工业仪表电磁干扰试验方法及分析

对自行设计的电磁干扰模拟装置所采用的试验方法,同国外有关试验方法进行分析对比,提出对瞬时过压试验方法的能量分级设想和对电源中断试验方法的改进措施等.     

航天器冲击响应谱试验模拟方法概述

文章介绍了航天器冲击谱模拟试验技术的发展过程,对目前国内外应用较广的各类冲击试验方法进行了整理和分类,从典型脉冲模拟技术,振动试验系统模拟技术,机械碰撞模拟技术和火工品装置模拟技术四个主要方面,对各类冲击技术的特点及实现方式进行了着重的分析。通过对各方法的优缺点和适用范围进行比较,给经受不同冲击环境的航天器进行试验方法选择时提供了参考。     

整车自然暴晒与全光谱阳光模拟老化相关性研究

本文采用整车自然暴晒、整车阳光模拟试验搭载PC样板的方法和TNR的计算方法,对整车自然暴晒与全光谱阳光模拟老化之间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明:全光谱阳光模拟试验仪表板区域的PC样板的色差数据与整车自然暴晒测得的色差数据具有有较好的相关性;整车全光谱阳光模拟试验25个循环数(600 h)的TNR数据相当于整车自然暴晒一整年暴晒的70_～84 %,不同车型数据结果会有所不同。     

篦齿眼子菜对废水中氮和磷的去除行为研究

一些常见的沉水草本植物对水质具有较强的净化作用,能够有效控制氮和磷的浓度.本试验通过模拟氮、磷污染的水质条件,采用篦齿眼子菜对氮、磷营养盐的吸附和去除效果进行研究.结果 表明:设定模拟废水中的初始总氮(TN)浓度在1～50 mg/L范围内,培养30天后的植株对总氮的去除率最高可达85.4％,随着初始培养环境中总氮浓度的...     

某卫星资源舱试验夹具的有限元模态分析

以典型焊接夹具为例,通过有限元方法,比较不同焊接模拟及螺栓约束模拟的差别,并与该结构的试验结果进行比对,得到较为快速准确的模态分析建模方式。进一步地将该建模方式应用到某卫星资源舱的焊接试验夹具,对比其模态仿真结果与试验结果,并综合考虑振动台的影响,进一步验证其在复杂结构分析时的有效性。     

乳化液膜法处理石油石化废水的研究

炼厂酸性汽提净化水中酚含量高，限制了汽提净化水回用效率，需进行脱酚处理。本研究采用煤油、span-80、液体石蜡、磷酸三丁酯和NaOH构建乳化液膜，探究其对酸性水汽提净化水的脱酚效率。运用以响应曲面法（RSM）为依据的Box-Behnken设计，以span-80投加量、液体石蜡投加量、油相/内相比和制乳转速为影响因素，建立了汽提净化水中苯酚去除率的二次回归预测模型，并优化了处理条件。结果表明，液体石蜡投加量对苯酚去除率的影响最为显著，其次是span-80投加量。通过RSM分析得到汽提净化水脱酚的最佳实验条件为：span-80投加量2wt%，液体石蜡投加量15%v/v，油内比为1:1，制乳转速取6000r/min，此时苯酚去除率为98.65%。反应后的液膜易于破乳，破乳率达98.33%，且回收油相可循环利用，从而大大节约成本实现资源化。     

气田含油污泥焚烧性能优化实验

焚烧法是气田含油污泥处理的主要方法。文章分析了气田含油污泥的性质和特性,气田含油污泥处理方法及存在问题,对气田含油污泥焚烧性能优化机理、提高旋转窑焚烧炉工艺参数进行了研究。结合现场实际情况,提出了以降低污泥含水率在30%以下和控制焚烧炉预热温度500℃以上为主要措施的解决思路。     

深度处理后污水用于锅炉补水的可行性研究

在污水处理场,经过生化处理后的排放水中仍含有一定的悬浮物、氨、氮、油、菌类及大量的溶解盐类,其COD也较高,因而不能直接用于锅炉补水。用“斜板沉降-连续过滤-超滤-反渗透”这一组合工艺来处理炼油污水,并将处理后的污水回用于锅炉补水。对其可行性进行了科学的分析和论述,并进行了中试。试验证明,该工艺流程及设备无论在技术上还是在经济上都是可行的。     

对水泥企业生产环境负荷之浅析

基于生命周期理论,采用CNI环境影响评价方法对我国水泥生产的环境负荷进行了定量分析。结果表明：水泥生产的环境影响主要体现在温室效应、不可再生能源消耗和不可再生资源消耗,其环境负荷分别占对应环境影响类型世界总负荷的2.76％,2.34％和1.39％,2006年我国水泥生产的环境负荷约占世界总负荷的1.28％,其中,立窑生产工艺、湿法回转窑生产工艺和新型干法生产工艺的环境负荷分别为0.84％,0.12％和0.32％。通过行业结构调整,用新型干法生产工艺取代其他落后的生产工艺,可使我国水泥生产的环境负荷降至世界总负荷的1％左右。     

环境试验室用节能型空气处理机组的研制

空调柜设置冷凝加热器,采用三通调节阀调节进入冷凝加热器的压缩机排气流量,实现调节补偿加热的功能,并替代电加热。采用信号选择器选择降温信号和除湿信号的大者控制压缩机转速,在同时保证试验室所需显冷量和潜冷量的情况下,达到最小冷冻能力输出,实现节能运行。     

Transesterification of hazelnut oil by ultrasonic irradiation

Ultrasonic irradiation is considered an effective way to increase mass transfer between immiscible liquid–liquid phases in a heterogeneous system leading to faster transesterification and higher yield and saving excess methanol and catalyst. In this study, the transesteri?cation of hazelnut oil with methanol and ethanol was performed in the presence of potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide as a catalyst using two types of ultrasonic irradiation with a probe (20 kHz, 200 W) and a bath (35 kHz, 400 W); a conventional production method was also used. The reaction time, alcohol:oil molar ratio, catalyst type (KOH or NaOCH₃), and catalyst amount (wt.% of oil) were studied as experimental parameters. The highest methyl ester conversion was obtained as 98.12% by using ultrasonic probe at a 5:1 methanol:oil molar ratio with KOH 1 wt.% of oil as catalyst in 20-min reaction time at autogenous temperature. The application of ultrasonic irradiation by using a probe decreased the level of energy consumption, showing that this method may be a promising alternative compared with the conventional production method.     

Capturing fugitive methane emissions from natural gas compressor buildings

Fugitive methane emissions account for about 50% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Canadian conventional oil and gas sector. Sources include leaks in natural gas transmission facilities such as pipelines and compressor stations. There are three sources of methane emissions in a compressor station. The first is emissions resulting from incomplete combustion in the engine; the second is leaks in valves, flanges and other equipment in the building; and the third results from instrument venting. Fugitive methane emissions may be in low concentration relative to air, and thus cannot be destroyed by conventional combustion (below flammability limits of about 5-16%). The present study investigates the feasibility of capturing methane emissions from a compressor station. Computer modelling of the flow patterns of lean methane emissions inside the building is used to show the influence of doors, vents and leak location. Simulations show that for a typical building most fugitive methane exits through the ridge vent provided that the main doors remain closed. When the extraction rate through the ridge vent is controlled, the methane concentration is at acceptable levels for destruction in a catalytic flow reverse reactor, that is, in the range of 0.1-1% by volume.     

新疆油田气井压井液研究与回收利用

针对新疆克拉美丽气田火山岩气藏固相堵塞、滤液侵入等潜在伤害因素,研制了GCP无固相气井压井液体系。该体系具有无毒、无刺激性、可生物降解、能有效抑制粘土膨胀、低滤失、不与储层中钙、镁等二价离子反应形成无机沉淀以及低腐蚀等特点,可有效保护储层和油、套管。通过循环替液将气井钻井、完井作业使用的泥浆中固相成分和岩屑带出井筒,用过的压井液经过固相清除处理可实现回收再利用,在减少对储层环境污染的同时,降低了压井液使用成本,为在新疆油田公司大规模应用奠定了良好的基础。     

Emissions study of co-firing waste carpet in a rotary kiln

Post-consumer carpet represents a high volume, high energy content waste stream. As a fuel for co-firing in cement kilns, waste carpet, like waste tires, has potential advantages. Technological challenges to be addressed include assessing potential emissions, in particular NO emissions (from nylon fiber carpets), and optimizing the carpet feed system. This paper addresses the former. Results of pilot-scale rotary kiln experiments demonstrate the potential for using post-consumer waste carpet as a fuel in cement kilns. Continuous feeding of shredded carpet fiber and ground carpet backing, at rates of up to 30% of total energy input, resulted in combustion without transient puffs and with almost no increase in CO and other products of incomplete combustion as compared to kiln firing natural gas only. NO emissions increased with carpet waste co-firing due to the nitrogen content of nylon fiber. In these experiments with shredded fiber and finely ground backing, carpet nitrogen conversion to NO ranged from 3 to 8%. Conversion increased with enhanced mixing of the carpet material and air during combustion. Carpet preparation and feeding method are controlling factors in fuel N conversion.     

Biological treatment of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) containing wastewater in a hybrid bioreactor system with effluent recycle

Due to the toxic effects of trichlorophenol (TCP) on microorganisms, biological treatment efficiencies of TCP containing wastewaters are usually low. Synthetic wastewater containing 2,4,6-TCP was biologically treated in a hybrid-loop bioreactor system consisting of a packed column biofilm and an aerated tank bioreactor with effluent recycle in order to improve COD and TCP removals. Effects of the feed TCP concentration on COD, TCP and toxicity removal performance of the system were investigated for the feed TCP between 50 and 450 mg L(-1) while the sludge age (solids retention time, SRT) and hydraulic residence time (HRT) were kept constant at 20 d and 25 h, respectively. Biomass concentrations in the packed column and in the aeration tank decreased with increasing feed TCP concentrations due to toxic effects of TCP on the organisms. Low biomass concentrations in the system at high feed TCP contents resulted in low COD, TCP and toxicity removals. Therefore, percent TCP, COD and toxicity removals decreased with increasing feed TCP concentrations especially above 400 mg L(-1). The effluent TCP concentrations were lower than 20 mg L(-1) for the feed TCP concentrations below 390 mg L(-1) resulting in TCP and COD removals above 90%. Specific rates of TCP and COD removals increased with the feed TCP due to low biomass concentrations at high TCP contents. The system should be operated at a feed TCP lower than 400 mg L(-1) in order to obtain more than 90% TCP, COD and toxicity removals under the specified experimental conditions.