高分子树脂与介孔分子筛吸附-脱附VOCs性能对比

采用溶剂热法制备介孔聚二乙烯基苯(PDVB)树脂,并以介孔分子筛MCM-41、SBA-15为参照,从吸附-脱附甲苯、邻二甲苯、均三甲苯性能和高湿度下的疏水性能方面对其进行对比研究.结果表明,PDVB具有最大的比表面积1219.1m2/g,其对低浓度甲苯吸附量约为介孔分子筛的2倍,同时吸附性能几乎不受水汽影响.随着VOCs分子尺寸增加,3种吸附剂对VOCs的饱和吸附量均有所增加,但PDVB的穿透吸附量明显高于分子筛.热重分析表明,在200℃以下3种吸附剂上吸附的有机分子均能脱附完全,具有优良的脱附再生性能.     

镍改性MCM-41介孔分子筛对水中甲基蓝的吸附

通过水热法合成介孔分子筛MCM-41,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni负载MCM-41分子筛吸附剂(Ni/MCM-41).小角X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)表征结果显示,Ni/MCM-41保持了纯硅MCM-41有序的介孔结构,并研究了Ni/MCM-41对水中甲基蓝的吸附去除性能,考察了投加量、反应时间、p H值、温度对水中甲基蓝去除率的影响,并从吸附等温线探讨了吸附机理.在优化条件下(25℃,20 mg投加量,6.32 p H,50 mg·L-1甲基蓝),反应120 min后,Ni/MCM-41对甲基蓝吸附量为36.85 mg·g-1,是MCM-41的7.1倍.研究表明吸附等温线符合Freuulich和Dubinin-Radushkevich模型,最大吸附量随着温度的升高而升高,吸附为吸热过程.通过Zeta电位分析认为,静电作用是甲基蓝吸附的主要机理.     

新型介孔吸附剂的制备及吸附性能

采用挥发诱导自组装(EISA)技术,以乙醇为溶剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构导向剂,合成了孔径为5.4nm的巯基功能化介孔材料,并用FTIR、EA、N2吸附-脱附和XRD分析技术对介孔材料进行了表征.同时,以Cr3+、Pb2+为目标污染物,考察了介孔吸附剂对污染物的吸附性能.结果表明,介孔吸附剂的吸附性能受pH值(初始与终态值)、振荡时间、温度和重金属离子初始浓度的影响显著.在T=303K、pH=5、振荡时间为1h,振荡频率为150r·min-1,污染物初始浓度低于0.4mmol·L-1时,吸附剂对Cr3+、Pb2+的去除率分别在85%和90%以上.介孔吸附剂对Cu2+、Pb2+的等温吸附行为与Langmuir模型相吻合(R2>0.992).     

介孔分子筛MCM-41对污水中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附动力学研究

以介孔分子筛MCM-41为吸附剂,研究了水中Cr6+分别在不同pH,温度以及吸附时间的吸附行为。实验结果表明,pH为0,温度为35℃,吸附时间为3h,此时的吸附效果较好。吸附动力学分别拟合了Lagergren一级,二级反应模型,该吸附较符合Lagergren二级反应模型,相关系数高达0.9996。计算出饱和吸附量qe为995.76mg/g,二级反应速率常数k2为21.7689g/(mg·h)。该吸附反应是化学吸附且有多个吸附过程共同作用的结果。     

两种介孔分子筛动态吸附VOCs的研究

采用模板剂法制备了孔道规整、大比表面积的2种介孔分子筛MCM-41和SBA-15,并以甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯为吸附对象,考察了介孔分子筛动态吸附VOCs的性能.结果表明,增加VOCs分子尺寸和浓度,降低床层温度可大幅提高介孔分子筛吸附性能.SBA-15由于介孔壁上的微孔结构适合吸附低浓度、小分子VOCs;MCM-41更适合吸附高浓度、大分子VOCs.TPD脱附试验表明,VOCs在介孔材料表面150℃下就能基本脱附完全.     

4A分子筛对水中铅离子的吸附及其机理分析

以4A分子筛、阳离子交换树脂和活性炭作为吸附材料对Pb2+吸附性能进行对比,并通过吸附等温线和动力学方程拟合得到,4A分子筛对Pb2+的吸附速率常数为0.014 9 g/(mg·s),吸附容量为595.2 mg/g,高于阳离子交换树脂的0.000 5 g/(mg·s)和203.3 mg/g,以及活性炭的0.001 9 g/(mg·s)和177.3 mg/g,且吸附过程主要受液膜扩散控制。对比分析4A分子筛对不同价态金属离子Ag+、Pb2+和Cr3+的吸附,结果表明:分子筛对金属离子的吸附与价态数成反比,价态越高,吸附反应速率越低;且吸附过程主要为同电性、等电量的离子交换吸附。分子筛吸附Pb2+前后元素组分、晶体结构和表观形貌的变化表明:分子筛对Pb2+的吸附是分子筛中的Na+与溶液中游离的Pb2+发生离子交换的过程,经吸附后的4A分子筛的晶体结构和表面形貌保持不变。Zeta电位分析表明,4A分子筛与铅离子的作用方式中存在着静电吸引的物理吸附。     

疏水性分子筛对焦化废水生物处理尾水的吸附过程解析

采用表面活性剂为模板剂常温一步合成疏水性介孔分子筛(MCM-41-dry)和通过煅烧去除模板剂得到亲水性介孔材料(MCM-41-cal).分别以制备的两种分子筛作为吸附剂吸附焦化废水生物出水中COD和TOC组分,考察吸附剂浓度、pH值等对吸附过程的影响,并对吸附过程进行动力学拟合.结果表明,MCM-41-dry的吸附效果远远强于MCM-41-cal,归因于含有模板剂的材料表面具有较强的疏水性及含有高吸附容量的季铵基团.在25℃、吸附剂浓度为2g·L-1时,MCM-41-dry对焦化废水中COD和TOC的去除率分别达53%和66%,吸附量分别为64mg·g-1和17mg·g-1.拟二级动力学模型能够真实反映整个吸附过程.水样吸附前后的GC/MS数据表明,焦化废水生物出水中残留了长链烷烃、卤代物、多环芳烃等难降解有机物,经MCM-41-dry吸附后,各种物质浓度均得到降低,MCM-41-dry尤其对疏水性烷烃类有较好的吸附效果,表明该吸附剂能够优先吸附疏水性物质.此外,吸附剂对水具有一定的润湿性能,能与废水充分接触,从而利于其吸附水中的污染物,这使其用于实际废水的处理成为可能.     

高效去除Cd2+介孔硅酸钙的制备优化及表征

为了进一步研制高效、廉价的Cd²⁺吸附剂,从介孔硅酸钙（CSH）的制备与优化出发,选择钙硅比（Ca/Si）、表面活性剂种类及其用量为因素,采用正交试验探讨CSH的最优制备条件,并结合扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FTIR）、比表面积测试（BET）、X-射线衍射分析（XRD）,对CSH的结构形貌、材料性能进行评价.结果表明,各因素对合成材料吸附性能的影响顺序为：表面活性剂种类 > 表面活性剂用量 > Ca/Si;最优制备条件为：Ca/Si=1：1,以聚乙二醇（PEG）为表面活性剂,表面活性剂添加量为2%;表面活性剂的添加能显著提高材料的吸附性能,最优条件下制备的介孔硅酸钙对Cd²⁺的饱和吸附容量高达687.71 mg·g^-1,吸附等温线符合Langmiur模型;合成的水化硅酸钙为介孔结构,为狭缝孔,呈纳米花状,比表面积为333.47 m²·g^-1,BJH孔径为10.9 nm,孔隙度为2.199 cm³·g^-1;巨大的比表面积、高孔隙度、表面丰富的活性—OH及材料富含可交换态Ca²⁺,以及能与Cd²⁺发生吸附沉淀、表面络合和离子交换,致使其具有优异的吸附性能,有望为Cd²⁺污染水体治理和土壤修复提供潜在优势新材料.     

Mn-Co/MCM-41吸附剂表征及脱除烟气中单质汞研究

针对燃煤烟气中单质汞(Hg0)不溶于水而颇难去除的问题,采用浸渍法制备了不同Mn和Co物质的量比的Mn-Co/MCM-41介孔分子筛吸附剂,在固定床实验台架上考察了各吸附剂的脱汞效率.采用N2吸附/脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对吸附剂进行了物理化学性质表征.结果表明:Mn和Co复合后,吸附剂的脱汞效率显著提高.Mn/Co物质的量比为3/1时,吸附剂的脱汞效率最高,反应温度为150℃时,其脱汞效率高达90%.与单一组分Mn或Co负载MCM-41吸附剂相比,Co的掺杂不但使Mn和Co在MCM-41上的分散更均匀,还会促进Mn3+和Mn2+向Mn4+的转化和提高吸附剂的还原特性,增强吸附剂的脱汞性能.     

孔径调变对MCM-41分子筛吸附VOCs性能的影响

采用3种不同碳链长度的季铵盐表面活性剂C_nTAB(n=8,12,16)为模板剂,分别合成8-MCM-41、12-MCM-41和16-MCM-41介孔分子筛,并以甲苯、邻二甲苯、均三甲苯为吸附对象,考察了介孔分子筛动态吸附VOCs的性能.结果表明,通过减少表面活性剂的碳链长度,可以成功地把MCM-41分子筛的孔径调变为4.1、3.2和2.4 nm.吸附实验结果表明,当MCM-41孔径减小时,其对低浓度甲苯、邻二甲苯的吸附量大幅上升,均三甲苯存在孔道扩散效应,其吸附量增加不明显.吸附等温线表明,在2.4 nm孔道内,3种芳烃分子均属于典型的Langmuir单分子层吸附;当孔径大于2.4 nm时,芳烃分子出现明显的多层吸附和毛细凝聚现象.     

硅改性花生壳生物炭对水中磷的吸附特性

为实现花生壳资源化利用,通过硅酸钠溶液对花生壳进行浸渍改性,再热解制备成硅改性花生壳生物炭(Si-PSBs),探究Si-PSBs对水中磷的吸附特性.结果表明,相比于未改性花生壳生物炭(PSB),Si-PSBs对磷的吸附量明显增大,8%硅酸钠溶液改性的生物炭(8%Si-PSB)对磷的吸附量是改性前的3.9倍.SEM、FTIR和XRD等结果表明8%Si-PSB上有二氧化硅生成,二氧化硅影响吸附过程中源于生物炭的碳酸钙形态,提高了生物炭自身所含金属离子Ca²⁺的反应活性.强酸强碱环境中,8%Si-PSB对磷均具有良好的吸附效果.反应平衡后,8%Si-PSB和PSB对磷的吸附量分别在2.79 mg·g^-1和0.71 mg·g^-1上下浮动,对磷的吸附均更符合准二级动力学模型,说明反应以化学吸附为主.等温吸附实验数据采用Langmuir模型拟合度更高,说明8%Si-PSB和PSB对磷的吸附均以单层吸附为主.溶液中腐殖酸(HA)的存在抑制8%Si-PSB和PSB对磷的吸附.8%SiPSB是一种低成本的新型除磷材料,可提高花生壳自身金属...     

Construction of MoS2 nanoarrays and MoO3 nanobelts: Two efficient adsorbents for removal of Pb（Ⅱ）, Au（Ⅲ） and Methylene Blue

Toxic heavy metal ions, valuable noble metal ions and organic dyes are significant concerns in wastewater treatment. In this work, MoO₃ nanobelts（MoO₃ NBs） prepared by solvothermal method and MoS₂ nanoarrays（Mo S₂ NAs） constructed using MoO₃NBs precursor were proposed to effectively remove heavy/noble metal ions and organic dyes, such as Pb^（Ⅱ）, Au^（Ⅲ）and Methylene Blue（MB）. The two adsorbents exhibited the excellent adso...     

Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb copper ions in aqueous solution

A magnetic adsorbent can be easily recovered from treated water by magnetic force,without requiring further downstream treatment.In this research,amine-functionalized silica magnetite has been synthesized using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine(TPED) as a surface modification agent.The synthesized magnetic amine adsorbents were used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution in a batch system,and the maximum adsorption was found to occur at pH 5.5 ± 0.1.The adsorption equilibrium data fitted t...     

Pb(Ⅱ) biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads: Equilibrium,ion exchange and mechanism studies

The study examined the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and different initial concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non-linear Langmuir isotherm for ch...     

Pb(Ⅱ) biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads: Equilibrium, ion exchange and mechamsm studies

The study examined the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads.Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and different initial concentration of Pb(Ⅱ) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non-linear Langmuir isotherm for chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However,the adsorption capacity of Pb(Ⅱ) ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), K~+ and Na~+ ions played an important role in the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb(Ⅱ) ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between Pb(Ⅱ) ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption capacities and can be considered as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solutions.     

几种吸附材料对磷吸附性能的对比研究

针对白洋淀府河水体磷污染问题,研究了天然沸石、硅藻土、粉煤灰、赤泥、铁铝泥五种材料对磷的吸附性能,并利用盐酸改性铁铝泥、铁盐改性粉煤灰和赤泥,对比研究了改性后材料对磷的吸附能力,探讨了水体pH值和其他离子对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明:沸石、硅藻土、粉煤灰、赤泥对磷的吸附符合一级动力学模型,而铁铝泥和改性后材料吸附磷符合准二级动力学模型;改性前后各材料吸附磷等温线均符合Langmuir方程。各材料吸附磷能力为:改性赤泥>改性粉煤灰>改性铁铝泥>铁铝泥>赤泥和粉煤灰>沸石>硅藻土,改性材料吸附磷能力明显提高。溶液pH值显著影响改性材料吸附磷效果,pH为7时吸附量最大;硫酸根和碳酸氢根离子抑制磷的吸附,氯离子和硝酸根离子没有明显影响。     

Pb（II） biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads： Equilibrium, ion exchange and mechanism studies

The study examined the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and di erent initial concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non–linear Langmuir isotherm for chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However, the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ ions played an important role in the adsorption of Pb(II) ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb(II) ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between Pb(II) ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption capacities and can be considered as an e cient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.     

Selective adsorption of silver ions from aqueous solution using polystyrene-supported trimercaptotriazine resin

Trimercaptotriazine-functionalized polystyrene chelating resin was prepared and employed for the adsorption of Ag(I) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized according to the following techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method. The effects of initial Ag(I) concentration, contact time, solution pH and coexisting ions on the adsorption capacity of Ag(I) were systematically investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ag(I) was up to 187.1 mg/g resin at pH 0.0 and room temperature. The kinetic experiments indicated that the adsorption rate of Ag(I) onto the chelating resin was quite fast in the first 60 min and reached adsorption equilibrium after 360 min. The adsorption process can be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the equilibrium adsorption isotherm was closely fitted by the Langmuir model. Moreover, the chelating resin could selectively adsorb more Ag(I) ions than other heavy metal ions including: Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Cr(III) during competitive adsorption in the binary metal species systems, which indicated that it was a highly selective adsorbent of Ag(I) from aqueous solution.     

Evaluation of zeolites synthesized from fly ash as potential adsorbents for wastewater containing heavy metals

Both pure-form zeolites (zeolites A and X) were synthesized by applying a two-stage method during hydrothermal treatment of fly ash prepared initial gel. The difference of adsorption capacity of both fly ash-synthesized zeolits was assessed under the same adsorption conditions. Copper and zinc were chosen as target heavy metal ions. It was found that adsorption capacity of zeolite A showed much higher value than that of zeolite X. Thus, attention was focused on investigating the removal performance of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution on the synthetic pure-form zeolite A from fly ash, zeolite HS (hydroxyl-solidate) prepared from the residual fly ash (after synthesis of pure-form zeolite A from fly ash) and a commercial grade zeolite A. Batch method was employed to study the influential parameters such as initial pH value, adsorbents dosage and adsorption temperature on the adsorption process. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir model and showed the affinity: Cu2+ > Zn2+ (adsorbent FA-ZA). The removal mechanism of metal ions followed adsorption and ion exchange processes. Attempts were also made to recover heavy metal ions and regenerate adsorbents (adsorbent FA-ZA).     

Insight into the adsorption of tetracycline onto amino and amino–Fe functionalized mesoporous silica: Effect of functionalized groups

In order to study the influences of functionalized groups onto the adsorption of tetracycline (TC), we prepared a series of amino and amino–Fe^3 + complex mesoporous silica adsorbents with diverse content of amino and Fe^3 + groups (named N,N-SBA15 and Fe-N,N-SBA15). The resulting mesoporous silica adsorbents were fully characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms. Furthermore, the effects of functionalized groups on the removal of TC were investigated. The results showed that the periodic ordered structure of SBA-15 was maintained after modification of amino/Fe^3 + groups. The functionalized amino groups decreased the adsorption capacity while the coordinated Fe^3 + increased the adsorption capacity. The adsorption kinetics of TC fitted pseudo-second-order model well and the equilibrium was achieved quickly. The adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model well and with the Fe^3 + content increased from 3.93% to 8.26%, the Q_max of the adsorbents increased from 102 to 188 mmol/kg. The solution pH affected the adsorption of TC onto amino complex adsorbents slightly while influenced the adsorption onto Fe-amine complex adsorbents greatly. The adsorption of TC on SBA15 and N,N-SBA15 may be related to the formation of outer-sphere surface complexes, while the adsorption of TC onto Fe-N,N-SBA15 was mainly attributed to the inner-sphere surface complexes. This study could offer potential materials that have excellent adsorption behavior for environmental remediation and suggested useful information for the preparing other adsorbents in environmental applications.