防护涂层氙灯光老化试验研究

防护涂层的耐老化性能是影响产品环境适应性和使用寿命的重要性能之一。本文研究影响涂层光老化的气候环境因素及效应,收集分析氙灯光老化试验程序及应用特点,最后给出氙灯光老化试验条件确定的注意事项。     

氙灯试验箱校准技术研究

氙灯试验箱是采用氙弧灯光源的气候老化试验设备,国内还没有相应的校准规范及合适的测量仪器.本文介绍了氙灯试验箱的应用与发展状况、主要结构类型和技术参数、现有的校准方法,研究了氙灯试验箱校准的测量仪器及其相关的技术问题.     

航空聚氨酯涂层老化分析

随着飞机服役时间的增长,其结构表面的有机涂层逐渐老化失效,最终导致机体金属结构的腐蚀。基于某沿海机场的严酷环境条件,依据编制的适用于有机涂层的加速试验谱,开展涂层加速老化试验,分析涂层老化规律。     

基于色差的航空涂层老化失效当量加速关系研究

针对飞机结构涂覆的航空涂层老化失效问题,基于色差的失效标准分析了涂层老化行为规律,并建立了自然曝晒条件与实验室加速条件下航空涂层色差失效的当量加速关系。结果表明,同类涂层试验件在自然曝晒试验与老化加速试验下的色差变化总体趋势基本一致,得到的两类涂层试样的加速老化当量关系函数可为研究实验室加速老化试验和自然曝晒试验之间的当量加速关系提供一定基础。     

文摘

《改善加速耐候性试验的加速性和近似性》———《涂装技术》１９９７,３６（７）,１０９－１１４（日）：加速耐候试验的必要条件是与大气暴露试验近似性高的加速性。文中介绍了提高了试验精度的新型试验设备。スガ试验机（公司）开发的氙弧型１２ｋｗ氙弧老化机ＷＥＬ...     

文摘

文摘▲《加速老化试验方法的现状与将来》———《工业涂装》１９９６，Ｎｏ．１３８，５７－６５（日）：进行耐候性试验时，由于光源不同，有各种各样的耐候性试验设备。本文介绍碳弧灯、紫外线碳弧灯、阳光型碳弧灯、氙弧灯等为光源的耐候性试验设备的特征、试验方法，...     

轴温传感器防护胶管高温加速寿命研究

本文开展轴温传感器防护胶管高温加速寿命试验研究,研究样本为全新样品及轨道交通车辆三级修、四级修样品.通过全新样品热失重试验获得防护胶管材料高温试验加速因子,通过全新、三级修、四级修样品高温老化试验、拉伸试验,获得的高温试验退化与实际使用环境退化之间的关系.     

有机涂层户外失效分析及对策

我国气候类型复杂,有机涂层在一些典型气候条件下经过一段时间的户外暴露后都会出现粉化、颜色变化、剥落、沾污等明显变化.综合起来分析,当地太阳辐射强度、辐射量、温湿度等是有机涂层失效的主要因素;同时空气中的污染物、沙尘等也加速了有机涂层失效.因此研制新型户外涂料时要确保有机涂层既能起防护作用,又能起装饰作用,以增强有机涂层...     

应用于高盐高辐照环境下的钢结构涂层防护行为研究

为研究在严酷环境下涂层对钢结构的防护性能,本文通过对应用于钢结构外表面、内表面以及钢支架的涂层进行了1年的现场暴露试验以及2000h的模拟加速腐蚀试验,积累了涂层在钢结构的老化数据,获取了涂层的腐蚀等级评级。结果表明：现场暴露1年后,载荷尚未产生明显的影响,所有涂层均未出现失光、变色、粉化、开裂、起泡等老化现象;经过2000h盐雾试验后,涂层表面形貌未发生明显变化,涂层未出现起泡、开裂和出锈等现象,表明涂层具有良好抗盐雾和水汽的渗透能力;经过2000h紫外老化试验后,涂层均未出现严重的老化现象,但都出现了不同程度的变色和粉化现象。     

自然通风热老化试验箱换气量不确定度评定

自然通风热老化试验箱(以下简称老化试验箱)主要用于电线电缆的热老化性能测试试验。而需要对箱体性能进行评估的多为老化试验箱的生产厂、电线电缆生产厂的产品检验实验室和开展相关项目的检测机构等公司和部门。温度参数和换气量参数是老化试验箱计量的主要项目,其测量结果的准确程度将直接影响对箱体性能的评估,分析并计算出了换气量测量结果扩展不确定度,对换气量参数的测量结果的可信赖程度具有参考意义。     

汽车皮革耐候性测试研究

分析汽车皮革老化的原理,然后列举汽车皮革常用氙灯试验条件,引用GMW 14444内饰件自然老化试验条件,比较加速试验与自然老化试验的异同点;比较汽车皮革老化后性能数据变化趋势,获得黄色指数和颜色数据更适合皮革材料老化趋势分析。     

汽车内外饰件氙灯老化试验对样品的要求

氙灯老化试验目前是众多汽车企业必检项目之一,汽车内外饰件用到的非金属材料有很多,如涂料、塑料、纤维织物、橡胶、皮革及装饰木纹件等等,并且形状多样,如何让氙灯试验更加准确,重复性更好,这对试验样品有严格的要求。     

氙灯暴露试验良好再现性的保证

本文针对氙灯暴露试验方法,重点分析了在样品准备和氙灯暴露试验过程两方面影响试验结果再现性的因素,结合当前的设备技术水平,介绍了在这两方面保证试验结果良好再现性的措施,并进一步提出了未来在氙灯暴露试验标准完善以及设备设计改进方面的设想和建议.     

耐候ABS材料研究

通过自然气候老化和紫外老化试验UV-B,研究了ABS塑料外观颜色、力学性能在老化实验过程中的变化.试验结果表明:光稳定剂的加入,ABS耐候性能提高,相较未加光稳定剂ABS体系,AE值下降,冲击保持率提高,受阻胺光稳定剂A和紫外光吸收剂B、C并用有协同作用,光屏蔽剂的使用可以提高耐候性,从而降低成本.此外我们讨论了自然气...     

Surface retention and photochemical reactivity of the diphenylether herbicide oxyfluorfen

The photochemical behavior of oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-etoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene] on two Greek soils was investigated. Soils were sampled from Nea Malgara and Preveza regions, characterized by a different organic matter content. Soils were spiked with the diphenyl-ether herbicide and irradiation experiments were performed either in the laboratory with a solar simulator (xenon lamp) or outside, under natural sunlight irradiation; other soil samples were kept in the dark to control the retention reaction. Kinetic parameters of both retention and photochemical reactions were calculated using zero-, first- and second- (Langmuir-Hinshelwood) order equations, and best fit was checked through statistical analysis. The soil behaviors were qualitatively similar but quantitatively different, with the soil sampled from the Nea Malgara region much more sorbent as compared with Preveza soil. All studied reactions followed second-order kinetics and photochemical reactions were influenced by retaining capability of the soils. The contributions of the photochemical processes to the global dissipation rates were also calculated. Two main metabolites were identified as 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene and 2-chloro-1- (3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene.     

加速退化试验方案优化问题经验参数估计方法

加速退化试验需要开展多组试验,投放多个试验样品,应力值的选取和样本量的投放以及截尾时间或截尾数的确定直接影响了加速退化试验的效率和质量,加速退化试验的最优设计问题成为试验方案设计的关键因素。在开展试验方案优化分析时,必须知道退化函数,而开展加速退化试验的目的就是估算退化函数中的未知参数,如何事先估计退化函数中未知参数的大致分布情况成为解决这一矛盾的关键。本文给出了一种基于可靠性预计的加速退化试验方案优化问题经验参数粗略估计方法,为解决这一问题提供了参考。     

Assessment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gmelina arborea</Emphasis> sawdust–cement-bonded rainwater storage tank

The performance of a mixture of a forest bye product and cement for the production of storage structure for harvested rainwater was assessed. Three mix ratios of Cement: Gmelina arborea sawdust 3.0:1.0 (specimen A), 2.5:1.0 (specimen B) and 2.0:1.0 (specimen C) were considered. Engineering properties and dimensional stability of the different mix-ratios were monitored from prototypes cylindrical pots and test billet specimens. Possible change in quality of stored rainwater, with time was monitored in all the three cases. Water quality parameters monitored include pH, hardness, total suspended solids, alkalinity, acidity and total dissolved CO₂. The tensile stress obtained were 110, 104, and 95 N/mm², while the compressive strength were 5,000, 3,000, and 2,000 kN for specimens A, B and C respectively. Accelerated aging test showed that sample A were more resistant to deformation, while specimen C were more susceptible to change in structure over time. Similarly, the values of tensile and compressive strength after accelerated aging test increased in the order of specimen A > B > C. Except in specimen C where significant differences in alkalinity and acidity were observed, there were no significant differences in quality of the water stored in the pots after 2 months of storage. The results indicate the suitability of the Gmelina arborea waste as an alternative in constructing water storage structures in rural communities.     

Leaching of carbonated air pollution control residues using compliance leaching tests

The leaching characteristics of air pollution control (APC) residues collected in Shanghai, China, were compared by performing three compliance leaching tests. These were the standard Chinese method for determining the leaching toxicity of solid waste (GB 5086.1-1997), the USEPA's Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and the new European shake test (EN 12457-3). In particular, behaviors of raw samples and samples that had been subjected to natural aging were compared. Both the leaching tests and natural aging substantially affected the leaching results concerning the APC residue samples. Most importantly, EN and GB tests classified the raw APC residues as hazardous, but the residues passed the TCLP test as nonhazardous. After it had been naturally aged for 720 h, however, the aged sample was classified as hazardous by the TCLP and EN tests, but as nonhazardous by the GB test. Metals that are thought to have been immobilized by carbonation were released at pH 6.3. Model calculations based on the geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2 revealed that the formation of metal carbonates did not correspond to the noted change in the leaching behaviors in the three leaching tests. Rather, the partial neutralization of alkaline ash by dissolved CO2 changing the final pH of the leachate dominated the leaching characteristics. The leaching results showed a change in leachate pH.     

汽车内饰材料老化试验研究

本文介绍了汽车内饰材料常见的老化试验方法:人工加速老化试验、IP/DP箱暴晒和整车暴晒,分别讨论三种试验方法涉及的规范以及操作性.人工加速老化试验能快速掌握汽车内饰材料老化性能,缩短材料研发周期;IP/DP箱和整车对内饰件或其装配件进行的老化试验降低内饰材料加工工艺存在的风险,确保了内饰材料质量.整车暴晒收集的数据为人...