室内装饰装修材料测试舱的研制与应用

介绍了测试舱的研制意义、测试舱构造和温度控制部分,以及空气交换、循环控制,空气净化装置和温度、湿度、流速显示装置等.通过实验,对测试舱的温度控制,空气净化系统检验,空气交换、循环的检验,释放甲醛平衡点的快速判断和测试舱的比对等运行技术指标进行了论证、优化.结果表明,简易的室内装饰装修材料测试舱对主要运行参数可以自动运行与控制,运行情况满足国家标准方法的技术指标要求,与同类商品化测试舱相比,误差在2%左右.     

世界银行:中国实现“十二五”减排目标须城市低碳

正中国新闻网消息日前,世界银行在北京发布了《中国可持续性低碳城市发展》。该报告称,中国的城市走低碳发展之路,有助于实现国家降低单位G D P能源强度和碳强度的目标,同时更加宜居,效率更高,更有竞争力,最终实现可持续发     

徐州云龙湖水中氮磷及铁锰污染特征分析

云龙湖(117°07’E～117°10’E,34°13’N～34°15’N)位于徐州市南郊,属浅水城市湖泊,是江苏省著名省级保护区之一。湖区水域面积为6.76 km2,陆地面积为6.3 km2,最大水深5.1 m,平均水深2.5 m。为了掌握云龙湖的污染情况,在云龙湖距岸20 m处沿湖周分东、西两区共设置了20个采样点,东、西区各有10个采样点,编号1～20,分别     

深度透析农村水源污染的饮水安全解困之道

正不久前网上关于农夫山泉的"标准门"被炒得沸沸扬扬,媒体报道农夫山泉标准不如自来水,再次触发了公众对饮用水水源的重新思考。不管是商家的竞争,还是水质的问题。水被誉为生命之源,可见其重要性,尤其饮用水的安全,关乎民生大计,绝不容忽视。近些年,我国农村的大多数生活污水直接排放,造成河流、水塘污染,不仅影响农村居民居住环境,而且严重威胁到了农村居民的身体健康。农村普遍存在基础设施建设薄弱、排水系统和污水处理建     

江苏省工业发展与大气污染物排放的时空演变关系

选取2001—2014年的相关数据,采用环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC曲线)模型和物理学的区域重心模型,分析了江苏省工业发展与大气污染物排放的时空演变关系。结果表明,2001年以来,随着工业总产值的增加,工业废气排放量呈现增加的趋势,虽然增加幅度有所减缓,但是拐点还未出现,而SO_2和烟粉尘排放强度已经跨过EKC曲线高峰进入二者协调发展的新阶段。时空演变关系表明,工业总产值和污染物排放强度重心均有较大的移动,并且二者的移动方向呈现相反的趋势,而SO_2和烟粉尘排放强度重心的移动方向具有相同的趋势,并且移动幅度接近。指出,当污染物减排到一定程度时,新的技术和政策措施必须同步发展,才能使污染物排放得到进一步控制,最终进入第五个阶段。     

日本城市环境监测技术系统运营管理研究与借鉴

日本城市环境监测技术系统管理经历多年探索和总结,形成了成熟的运营模式,对我国现行技术系统的管理实践极有借鉴价值.目前环保部门在相应的管理、技术和人才等方面准备不足,面对社会专业化公司的参与,在管理和运营中暴露出一些问题,比较和借鉴国外市场化运营理念,将促进我们管理思路的创新.     

投稿须知

<正>为提高编辑部工作效率,缩短稿件审改周期,《环境监控与预警》编辑部在线采编系统现已启用,投稿时,请作者进入《环境监控与预警》编辑部网站(http://www.hjjkyyj.com)。首先注册用户名,填写相关信息后登陆,按页面提示要求进行投稿及查询。本刊今后将逐渐停止E-MAIL投稿方式,特此说明,谢谢合作。     

国家海洋局南通海洋环境监测中心站

2011年6月18日上午,囤：家海洋局南通海洋环境监钡8中心站隆熏举行揭牌仪式。国家海洋局副局长王宏,中共江苏省委常委、江苏省人民政府副省长黄莉新,国家海洋局政策法规和规划司司长王殿吕,中共南通市委副书记、南通市人民政府市长张闻华,圈家海洋局东海分局局长张惠荣,国家海洋局东海分局党委书记刘刻福等领导出席了揭牌仪式。     

“体检”报告称地球严重超载2050年需2.9个地球

新京报消息昨日,400 km之外的国际空间站发布了《地球生命力报告2012》,报告称,过去40年,地球生命力下降了28%,处于"很不健康"的状态。昨日,兼任世界自然基金会(WWF)推广大使的欧洲航天局宇航员安德鲁.库佩斯从国际空间站向全球发布了该组织     

江苏太湖流域再建55个水站

近日从江苏省环境保护工作座谈会议上获悉,针对太湖今后仍有可能大规模暴发蓝藻水华的现状,江苏太湖流域年底前还将建成55个水站,以进一步完善环境监测工作。据介绍,截至2009年5月,太湖沿湖6个主要饮用水源地水质稳定,藻类密度未见异常。卫星遥感共计监测到蓝藻水华现象19次,与去年同期相比,     

测定甲基托布津的分光光度法的研究

用Ｃｕ＾２＋和甲基托布津在氨碱性条件下作用产生沉淀,离心分离未反应的Ｃｒ＾２＋,经ＣＯ显色剂在柠檬酸缓冲液中显色后,测定溶液中的Ｃｒ＾２＋浓度可间接求得甲基托布律的含量。此方法简便快捷,且可进行微量测定。用本方法与络合滴定法做对照试验。结果能很好的符合。     

An air quality balance index estimating the total amount of air pollutants at ground level

A new index named Air Quality Balance Index (AQBI), which is able to characterise the amount of pollution level in a selected area, is proposed. This index is a function of the ratios between pollutant concentration values and their standards; it aims at identifying all situations in which there is a possible environmental risk even when several pollutants are below their limit values but air quality is reduced. AQBI is evaluated by using a high-resolution three-dimensional dispersion model: the air concentration for each substance is computed starting from detailed emissions sources: point, line and area emissions hourly modulated. This model is driven with accurate meteorological data from ground stations and remote sensing systems providing vertical profiles of temperature and wind; these data are integrated with wind and temperature profiles at higher altitudes obtained by a Local Area Model. The outputs of the dispersion model are compared with pollutant concentrations provided by measuring stations, in order to recalibrate emission data. A three-dimensional high resolution grid of AQBI data is evaluated for an industrial area close to Alessandria (Northern Italy), assessing air quality and environmental conditions. Performance of AQBI is compared with the Air Quality Index (AQI) developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. AQBI, computed taking into account all pollutants, is able to point out situations not evidenced by AQI, based on a preset limited number of substances; therefore, AQBI is a good tool for evaluating the air quality either in urban and in industrial areas. The AQBI values at ground level, in selected points, are in agreement with in situ observations.     

M3法测定土壤有效态Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni

通过M3法对耕地土壤重金属的联合测定,为土壤重金属污染监测应用提供快速联合测定的方法。用M3法测定北方耕地土壤的有效Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni,通过对M3法与其他方法进行有效重金属测定值差异性及其相关性比较,与全量的浸出率分析等探讨M3法对耕地土壤有效重金属测定的特征。结果表明,M3法在《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618—1995)的土壤重金属含量范围内可以测定土壤有效态重金属Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni,且呈线性极显著相关。M3法与其他方法有效Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni有较好的相关性,与DTPA法呈极显著相关;与NaNO₃法除有效Pb外,呈极显著和显著相关;与HCl法除褐土和潮土的有效Pb外,也呈极显著和显著相关。M3法的有效态Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni的测定值均为最大。M3法对4种耕地土壤有效Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni的浸出率,因土壤类型不同,有效重金属含量所占比率不同,但利用M3法测定的有效态Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni的浸出率最大。     

Role of halogen(I) cation-transfer mechanisms in water chlorination in the presence of bromide ion

Bromide ion is rapidly converted to HOBr via BrCl by reaction with HOCl. The subsequent slow reactions of (HOCl, OCl-)/(HOBr, OBr-) mixtures are monitored directly by multiwavelength UV-vis absorbance methods and simultaneously by ion chromatographic measurement of ClO2-, ClO3-, and BrO3- (p[H+] 5.6-7.6). A first-order loss of HOCl is observed which is catalyzed by trace concentrations of Br- and BrCl. Chlorite ion forms first and is subsequently oxidized to ClO3-. The loss of HOBr is slower and is second-order in HOBr, so that BrO3- formation takes longer than ClO3- formation. Under the conditions of this work, the relative yield of BrO3- increases with increase in pH. The decomposition of HOCI by bromide proceeds primarily by a series of halogen(I) cation-transfer reactions with subsequent halide release. The presence of HOCI increases the BrO3- yield three-fold from HOBr decay alone.     

固相萃取光度法测定食品中挥发酚的研究

研究了用Waters Sep-Park-C18固相萃小柱固相萃取测定食品中挥发酚的方法，用自动水蒸汽蒸馏仪蒸馏分离出食品中的挥发酚，然后用4－氨基安替比林显色，显色产物可用Waters Sep-Park-C18固相萃小柱萃取，用乙醇洗脱后用分光光度法测定，该方法污染小，操作简便，便于样品批量处理，用于食品样品中挥发酚的测定，结果令人满意。     

臭氧综合指数与臭氧潜势指数的构建与应用

随着社会经济的快速发展,我国臭氧污染日益严重,因此,研发出能定量评估气象条件对臭氧污染影响程度的诊断指数,成为提高和改善气象服务质量的重要任务之一。利用中国大陆地区2018年温度、总云量、风速、风向、相对湿度等气象场数据与臭氧浓度数据,研究臭氧污染敏感气象条件,统计各气象因子分布在不同数值区间时发生臭氧污染事件的相对频率(即分指数),按照分指数最大值和最小值的差值大小进行排序,筛选出10个与臭氧污染密切相关的气象因子,将10个气象因子的分指数进行累加,即得出臭氧综合指数。随后,对各地构建臭氧综合指数时采用的气象要素进行统计,得到出现频率最高的3个气象要素,并参考这些气象要素构建了臭氧潜势指数。分别以臭氧潜势指数和臭氧综合指数对北京市2019年臭氧日最大浓度建立拟合预报模型,结果表明:两类指数的拟合预报值与实测值有着相似的变化趋势;利用臭氧综合指数计算得到的预报值与实测值的相关系数为0.76,优于利用臭氧潜势指数计算得到的预报值与实测值的相关系数(0.64)。     

Assessing health risk from benzene pollution in an urban area

A health hazard, specifically the leukaemia risk, is evaluatedfrom different sources of benzene exposure with relation to apopulation living in an urban area of Italy. The population exposure is calculated for a reference year by sexand lyfestyle, with respect to smokers and non smokers. Potentialhealth risk is therefore quantified by means of mathematicalmodels and the relative significance of the different sources is described. The results of the analysis are useful for the identification ofappropriate risk reduction strategies to minimize exposure, inparticular when resulting from lifestyle and personal activities.     

柱前衍生-EI源串联四极杆气质联用测定地表水中的丙烯酰胺

建立了地表水中痕量丙烯酰胺的柱前衍生-EI源串联四极杆气质联用测定方法。丙烯酰胺的双键经溴化衍生成2,3-二溴丙酰胺,加入硫酸钠盐析,乙酸乙酯萃取,浓缩取1μl进样,由串联四极杆气相色谱质谱联用仪测定。通过MRM(150→70.0/107.0)多反应监测实现定性和外标法定量分析。与其他方法相比,该方法具有定性准确、灵敏度高的特点。方法检出限为0.03μg/L,线性范围在0.030~40μg/L;相关系数r=0.9998;六次测定值RSD在14.3%;回收率在89%~196%之间,结果满意。     

Improving suspended sediment measurements by automatic samplers

Suspended solids either as total suspended solids (TSS) or suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is an integral particulate water quality parameter that is important in assessing particle-bound contaminants. At present, nearly all stormwater runoff quality monitoring is performed with automatic samplers in which the sampling intake is typically installed at the bottom of a storm sewer or channel. This method of sampling often results in a less accurate measurement of suspended sediment and associated pollutants due to the vertical variation in particle concentration caused by particle settling. In this study, the inaccuracies associated with sampling by conventional intakes for automatic samplers have been verified by testing with known suspended sediment concentrations and known particle sizes ranging from approximately 20 μm to 355 μm under various flow rates. Experimental results show that, for samples collected at a typical automatic sampler intake position, the ratio of sampled to feed suspended sediment concentration is up to 6600% without an intake strainer and up to 300% with a strainer. When the sampling intake is modified with multiple sampling tubes and fitted with a wing to provide lift (winged arm sampler intake), the accuracy of sampling improves substantially. With this modification, the differences between sampled and feed suspended sediment concentration were more consistent and the sampled to feed concentration ratio was accurate to within 10% for particle sizes up to 250 μm.     

Mechanistic studies of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation in chlorinated drinking water

Studies were conducted to investigate the hypothesis that N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a potential disinfection by-product specifically produced during chlorination or chloramination. Experiments were conducted using dimethylamine (DMA) as a model precursor. NDMA was formed by the reaction of DMA with free chlorine in the presence of ammonia and also with monochloramine. We proposed a mechanism for NDMA formation in chlorinated or chloraminated water, which does not require nitrite as in N-nitrosation. The critical NDMA formation reactions consist of (i) the formation of monochloramine by combination of free chlorine with ammonia, (ii) the formation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) intermediate from the reaction of DMA with monochloramine followed by, (iii) the oxidation of UDMH by monochloramine to NDMA, and (iv) the reversible chlorine transfer reaction between free chlorine/monochloramine and DMA which is parallel with (i) and (ii). A kinetic model was also developed to validate the proposed mechanism.