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用毒性鉴别评价技术研究电镀废水毒性原因 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用毒性鉴别评价(TIE)国外新技术对导致组分较为简单的电镀废水毒性的原因作了鉴别评价研究,旨在为今后开展组分较为复杂的废水的毒性原因的鉴别评价研究提供经验。结果表明,导致电镀废水毒性的毒物是六价铬。 相似文献
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采用毒性鉴别评价(TIE)国外新技术对导致组分较为简单的电镀废水毒性的原因作了鉴别评价研究,旨在为今后开展组分较为复杂的水的毒性原因的鉴别评价研究提供经验。结果导致镀水毒性的毒物是六价铬。 相似文献
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适用于已知毒物和毒性应用剂量测定的经典技术方法,以样品稀释过程中毒性强度改变与浓度改变的等比率跟随性为基础。废水中的毒性物质常以未知和混合为特征,高毒性的样品现状浓度距离方法预试验中最小全致死浓度较远,以已知毒物重铬酸钾毒性为对照,形成5种毒物高层级等强度毒性,通过这些高毒性废水同步等比率稀释后毒性改变的同步性测定试验,证明毒性废水稀释中强度改变与浓度改变的跟随状态具有不确定性。 相似文献
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为了准确评估厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A2/O)处理工艺对废水毒性的削减效率,采用斑马鱼胚胎急性毒性实验、发光细菌急性毒性实验和小鼠L929细胞毒性实验进行测试,结合理化指标,通过毒性当量(TU)法、平均毒性(AvTx)法、毒性指数(TxPr)法、最敏感测试(MST)法和潜在生态毒性效应(PEEP)法对常州市6家污水处理厂(生活污水、综合废水、化工废水、制药废水)进水和出水的生物毒性进行了评价。结果表明,斑马鱼胚胎的毒性敏感程度最高,3种受试生物的毒性评价结果具有较好的一致性。理化达标的污水处理厂出水仍存在一定的生物毒性效应,出水毒性较大的是综合污水处理厂,排入受纳水体后可能会对周围的生态环境产生潜在的生态风险。A2/O处理工艺对各污水处理厂进水的毒性削减较好,其中对制药废水的毒性削减最高,AvTx、TxPr、MST和PEEP的毒性削减率分别为99.45%、99.64%、99.48%和69.66%。与AvTx、TxPr、MST法相比,PEEP法能够更综合地评价废水毒性。 相似文献
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发光细菌法监测废水综合毒性研究 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11
运用发光细菌法对 2 6个污染源废水样的毒性进行测定。并以毒性较为稳定的 Hg Cl2 作参比毒物 ,使此法所测得的毒性定量化。据水质毒性分级标准 ,对水样毒性的测定结果进行评价 ,属 级低毒的 1 1个 , 级中毒 4个 , 级重毒1个 , 级高毒 3个 , 级剧毒 7个。另从辽阳化纤厂五个废水样可以看出距离污染源越近毒性越强。这一结果既与实际情况相符又与鱼的毒性试验结果一致 ,证明发光菌监测工业废水是可行的。 相似文献
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危险废物生态毒性鉴别指标研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
生态毒性是危险废物的危险特性鉴别指标之一,生态毒性鉴别指标确定的基础是关于毒性化学物质和固体废物的生态毒理学(评估指标)研究.比较研究了国外毒性物质和危险废物的生态毒性鉴别指标及其制定的方法学,分析了中国的研究现状,对中国危险废物生态毒性鉴别指标制定的方法学提出了建议. 相似文献
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介绍了高浓度硫酸盐废水的厌氧生物处理的研究情况。探讨了硫酸盐废水处理中的两种可能抑制机理——H2S对微生物毒性抑制作用和过度硫积累.对目前实验研究中H2S的控制途径、方法原理进行了分析,并介绍了目前已用于工程实践的THIOPAQ技术的基本原理.分析了高浓度硫酸盐废水研究中待解决的问题。 相似文献
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锅炉烟尘测试中锅炉负荷率的计算方法探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
GB5468 -91规定 ,锅炉烟尘测试时 ,必须对锅炉的运行负荷进行测试 ,而实际监测过程中 ,许多锅炉房不具备测试的计量条件 ,为了解决这一问题 ,文章提出利用烟气量和空气过剩系数计算锅炉负荷率。在实际监测工作中 ,该方法方便、易于操作 ,所得结果和标准规定方法所得结果有很好的一致性 相似文献
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介绍了世界上一些发达国家的空气污染预报的做法和采取的措施,阐述了我国开展空气质量预报的方针和方法,指出了周报是预报的基础工作。叙述了我国空气质量周报的污染参数的选取、污染指数的分级及其浓度限值和污染指数计算及确定,分析并总结了开展城市空气质量周报所发挥的效用是提高公众的环保意识,加大了治理污染的力度,转变了环境监测的职能,促进了环境监测事业的发展 相似文献
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贵州黔东南州三板溪水库春季拟多甲藻水华特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2011年3月13日对贵州省黔东南州三板溪水库进行春季浮游植物调查的结果表明,三板溪水库Ⅱ号采样点(下革东)发生以佩纳形拟多甲藻为优势种的拟多甲藻水华,细胞密度高达1.15×107cell/L;板溪水库总氮的最低值为2.09 mg/L,总磷的最低值为0.95 mg/L,三板溪水库的总氮、总磷含量较丰富,不存在总氮或总磷是限制性因子;通过SPSS16.0统计软件分别进行Pearson 积距相关系数分析表明,氮磷比是三板溪水库发生拟多甲藻水华的主要影响原因。 相似文献
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This study was carried out in response to suggestions that the measurement of NO(2) by Palmes-type passive diffusion tubes (PDT) is affected by the method of preparation of the triethanolamine (TEA) absorbent coating on the grids. The following combinations of factors were investigated: TEA solvent (acetone or water), volume composition of TEA in solvent (50% or 20%), and grid coating method (dipping in solution prior to assembly or pipetting solution on after assembly). Duplicate PDTs prepared by each of the 8 methods were exposed in parallel, in urban air, for a total of 80 separate 1 week exposures. NO(2) concentrations derived from PDTs prepared by pipetting methods were significantly less precise than concentrations from dipping methods, with mean RSDs for duplicate measurements of 13.8% and 8.5%, respectively (n= 316 each category). Pipetting methods using solutions of 50% TEA composition were particularly imprecise (mean RSD 17.2%). Data from PDTs prepared by pipetting methods were systematically more poorly correlated with each other and with data from co-located chemiluminescence analysers, than corresponding data from PDTs prepared by dipping methods, indicating that more consistent accuracy was also obtained by the latter PDTs. The statistical evidence suggested that PDTs prepared by pipetting 50% TEA in water generally gave lower NO(2) concentrations. Although this is in agreement with a previous study, it is also possible that such an observation here may be a statistical artefact given the demonstrably poorer precision of this method. The general tendency of PDTs to show positive bias in NO(2) measurement in urban air in 1 week exposures was again evident in this study (mean biases at roadside and urban centre locations of +35% (n= 475) and +18% (n= 112), respectively) consistent with augmentation of within-tube NO(2) flux by chemical reaction between co-diffusing NO and O(3). Overall, it is recommended that the pipetting method of PDT grid preparation is avoided, or at least investigated further, because of the apparent degradation in precision and accuracy of NO(2) measurement. Potential reasons for the effect are discussed. 相似文献
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实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在实施GB/T15481-2000 idt ISO/IEC17025:1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》的过程中,通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析,识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节,提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法,对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Alexis Lugo-fernández Pasquale F. Roscigno 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,55(2):319-346
Substantial amounts of NOx (146 000 t/y) and total hydrocarbons (294 000 t/y) are released to the marine atmosphere by the large number of oil and gas operations over Federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Under appropriate meteorological conditions these emissions react to form ozone (0–54 g/m3 over-water) which can affect the marine environment. Using a dry deposition model, this work examines the amount of ozone derived from oil and gas offshore operations and deposited in the sea surface of the Gulf of Mexico, and assesses its impact on the neuston of the sea-surface microlayer. Surface integrated estimates of ozone deposited from oil and gas operations over the sea surface ranges from 400 kg to 1800 kg which results in sea surface concentrations of 15 g/m3. This estimate and the actual toxic ozone levels suggest no acute, toxic impacts to the neuston. However, indirect effects may occur through changes to the pelagic foodwebs and organic carbon pathways. Another potential pathway for ozone impacting the environment is through the production of bromate. Based on the concentrations and time scales (11–139 days) only sublethal effects appear to occur, but uncertainties associated with this assessment need to be further studied. From an ecological perspective, the environmental impacts and risks of NOx and VOC discharges from offshore platforms need to be assessed for neuston and other components of the marine ecosystem. 相似文献
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Luis Fernando Cáceres Choque Oswaldo E. Ramos Ramos Sulema N. Valdez Castro Rigoberto R. Choque Aspiazu Rocío G. Choque Mamani Samuel G. Fernández Alcazar Ondra Sracek Prosun Bhattacharya 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):9979-9994
Chemical weathering is one of the major geochemical processes that control the mobilization of heavy metals. The present study provides the first report on heavy metal fractionation in sediments (8–156 m) of Lake Titicaca (3,820 m a.s.l.), which is shared by the Republic of Peru and the Plurinational State of Bolivia. Both contents of total Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Zn and also the fractionation of these heavy metals associated with four different fractions have been determined following the BCR scheme. The principal component analysis suggests that Co, Ni, and Cd can be attributed to natural sources related to the mineralized geological formations. Moreover, the sources of Cu, Fe, and Mn are effluents and wastes generated from mining activities, while Pb and Zn also suggest that their common source is associated to mining activities. According to the Risk Assessment Code, there is a moderate to high risk related to Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, Co, and Ni mobilization and/or remobilization from the bottom sediment to the water column. Furthermore, the Geoaccumulation Index and the Enrichment Factor reveal that Zn, Pb, and Cd are enriched in the sediments. The results suggest that the effluents from various traditional mining waste sites in both countries are the main source of heavy metal contamination in the sediments of Lake Titicaca. 相似文献
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用简单合成了二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银试剂,并比较了自制和市售的二乙氨基二硫人 银对测砷的影响。结果表明,采用自制的二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银能大大降低试剂空白,提高方法的灵敏度和降低检出限,试剂质量明显优于市售产品。 相似文献