UASB工艺啤酒废水处理中颗粒污泥的培养

本文阐述了啤酒废水处理工艺的重点在于厌氧中颗粒污泥的培养，并从UASB设计、接种污泥、进出水指标控制等方面，就如何培养UASB反应器颗粒污泥进行了讨论。     

SBR中好氧颗粒污泥的培养

采用竖式SBR作为反应器,利用城市污水处理厂剩余污泥作为接种污泥,通过不间断运行培养出好氧颗粒污泥。实验结果表明,采用非限量曝气模式好氧颗粒污泥降解模拟污水的效果较好,其COD去除率可达98％以上。曝气量对好氧颗粒污泥的形成和稳定具有重要影响,当气速为26．5m／h时,好氧颗粒污泥的性状和处理有机废水效果最佳。同时好氧颗粒污泥对pH值的变化不明显,当pH为5—8范围内,其COD去除率都可达到85％以上。但是未经驯化的好氧颗粒污泥对对硝基苯酚和对氯苯酚两种芳香类有机物较敏感,而对硝基苯酚对其毒性更大。当对硝基苯酚和。对氯苯酚浓度为10mg／L时,其COD去除率仅为42．5％和52％。     

UASB反应器系统中颗粒污泥的研究进展

本文综述了上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器系统中颗粒污泥的形态特征;化学组成;微生物学组成以及颗粒结构;颗粒污泥的形成机理;颗粒污泥的培养条件以及污泥颗粒化的影响因素等方面的最新研究进展。     

UASB反应器启动的实验研究

研究流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)的快速启动过程。结果显示:在中温条件下,接种普通厌氧污泥,通过厌氧消化器中的COD去除率和甲烷含量的监控,逐步增加反应器的有机负荷,经过23天的运行,有机负荷17.61 kg COD/(m~3·d),甲烷含量达到62.4%,COD去除率达到80%以上,UASB反应器成功启动。     

反硝化细菌抑制石油集输系统硫化氢治理技术

文章研究了采用DNB(反硝化细菌)抑制硫酸盐还原工艺,降低石油集输系统中H2S浓度的本源微生物治理H2S模式。该工艺在实验中采用两级UASB(上流式厌氧污泥床)反应器串联来实现。实验表明:在一级反应器成功启动后,其水中的S2-浓度达到120mg/L,SO42-的浓度为200mg/L,硫酸盐转化率可达75%以上;二级UASB启动以后,出水S2-降低至20mg/L以下,去除率约83%。进一步实验表明SO42-/NO2-质量浓度比、ORP(氧化还原电位)均会对SRB产生抑制作用。研究结果对石油集输系统中H2S气体的控制具有参考价值,该技术在长庆油田现场实验,能使油井H2S浓度平均降幅达到87%,有效降低了长庆油田安全风险。     

一种厌氧颗粒污泥的微生物与化学组成研究初探

本文研究UASB反应器处理石灰法制浆的草浆蒸煮黑液,在较短时间内培养出首育良好沉淀性能和较高活性的厌氧颗粒污泥。并对其形态、结构和化学组份及不同生理类群的厌氧微生物特性等进行了观察和测试,结果表明厌氧颗粒污泥高活性的原因。为进一步探索厌氧颗粒污泥的形成机理提供了依据。     

传统活性污泥法与膜生物反应器污泥沉降性能的比较

针对污泥沉降性能,在运行条件相同的情况下对膜生物反应器(MBR)与传统活性污泥法(CAS)进行比较。结果表明：CAS工艺污泥沉降性能优于MBR工艺;CAS工艺出水水质受污泥沉降性能影响大;MBR工艺污泥沉降性能主要由反应器中累积的高浓度胞外聚合物(EPS)含量所影响,当EPS浓度大于100mg／g时,污泥沉降性能开始恶化;CAS工艺曝气池中EPS浓度没有累积;MBR工艺污泥颗粒平均粒径小于CAS工艺中污泥颗粒。     

荷兰废水厌氧处理技术与科研进展考察

本文在简要地报道了赴西欧荷兰考察废水厌氧处理技术和科研进展概况后,重点介绍高效厌氧工艺UASB(上流式厌氧污泥床)的设计特点、研究进展和在(?)水厌氧处理中生产规模虚用情况与UASB反应器相匹配的关键生物枝术—高活性厌氧污泥颗粒化研究应用进展,有关颗粒污泥形状、类型、微生物组成、形成机理及厌氧活性污泥颗粒化的主要影响因素等,希望能借鉴国外先进厌氧工艺UASB及其厌氧颗粒化污泥培养技术应用于我国废水厌氧处理中,为提高我国废水厌氧消化技术水平提供参考。     

硫化物对厌氧生化作用的影响及解救措施

本文介绍了厌氧生化的两个过程及其特征,分析了S~(2-)对厌氧生化的影响过程,重点研究了影响厌氧微生物活性环境中S~(2-)浓度,强调了环境中S~(2-)浓度与进水中S~(2-)浓度的区别。研究结果表明:厌氧生化过程中,S~(2-)的安全环境浓度为80mg/L,当环境中S~(2-)浓度大于80mg/L时,对厌氧生化有明显的抑制作用。将此研究结果在UASB反应器上进行了试验,取得了良好效果。同时,分析了S~(2-)使UASB反应器中污泥失活的过程,提出厌氧生化S~(2-)中毒的解救方法。     

大港羊三木油田外排水处理技术升级应用

羊三木油田外排采出水处理系统采用高效节能过滤器+微絮凝处理系统+FSBR活性污泥处理系统+高效节能过滤器处理工艺,处理效果无法达到最新指标要求,需要进行升级改造。通过生产情况分析和国内外处理技术调研,优选"高效节能过滤+微絮凝处理+降温+UASB厌氧处理+一级接触氧化+水解池+二级接触氧化+活性炭过滤吸附"相结合的处理工艺,并根据室内试验和现场中试结果,对已建FSBR池维修改造成一级、二级接触氧化池、水解池,并新建冷却塔、UASB反应器、活性炭吸附塔,实现过滤、沉降、厌氧反应、水解、接触氧化、吸附的外排水处理工艺,处理后的外排水满足COD≤50 mg/L,石油类≤1 mg/L,氨氮≤5 mg/L的技术指标。     

Aerobic treatment of palm oil mill effluent

In this study treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was investigated using aerobic oxidation based on an activated sludge process. The effects of sludge volume index, scum index and mixed liquor suspended solids during the acclimatizing phase and biomass build-up phase were investigated in order to ascertain the reactor stability. The efficiency of the activated sludge process was evaluated by treating anaerobically digested and diluted raw POME obtained from Golden Hope Plantations, Malaysia. The treatment of POME was carried out at a fixed biomass concentration of 3900+/-200mg/L, whereas the corresponding sludge volume index was found to be around 105+/-5mL/g. The initial studies on the efficiency of the activated sludge reactor were carried out using diluted raw POME for varying the hydraulic retention time, viz: 18, 24, 30 and 36h and influent COD concentration, viz: 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000mg/L, respectively. The results showed that at the end of 36h of hydraulic retention time for the above said influent COD, the COD removal efficiencies were found to be 83%, 72%, 64%, 54% and 42% whereas at 24h hydraulic retention time they were 57%, 45%, 38%, 30% and 27%, respectively. The effectiveness of aerobic oxidation was also compared between anaerobically digested and diluted raw POME having corresponding CODs of 3908 and 3925mg/L, for varying hydraulic retention time, viz: 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54 and 60h. The dissolved oxygen concentration and pH in the activated sludge reactor were found to be 1.8-2.2mg/L and 7-8.5, respectively. The scum index was found to rise from 0.5% to 1.9% during the acclimatizing phase and biomass build-up phase.     

The formation of aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of real landfill leachate using a granular sequencing batch reactor at a constant volume

Leachate generated in a landfill may not be treated by conventional biological treatment due to its nature and complexity. The process of forming aerobic granules in batch sequencing reactors having features such as; reducing the settling process time and saving energy consumption and high decomposition rate have been noticed by researchers. In the present study, the structure of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) was evaluated for the formation of granules, which were subsequently utilized for the treatment of landfill leachate. The experiment was initiated by using the GSBR, containing 1200 ml with different apparatuses, to develop granular sludge, and synthetic wastewater was added to reinforcement. The selected parameters for the operational hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the wastewater (6-h cycles) included feeding, idle, aeration, settling, and discharge. Furthermore, the controlled conditions were the dissolved oxygen (DO) range of 2–2.2 mg/L, temperature range of 20–23℃, and pH of 7.5–8.3. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and sludge volume index (SVI) daily were measured at the influent and effluent of GSBR reactor. The main properties of aerobic granular sludge were identified during the research procedures, and the remarkable settling and potent, high-density microbial structure of the granules were confirmed. The mean size of the formulated granules was estimated at 7.46 ± 1.8 mm, and the volume of the biomass also increased from approximately 1607 to 4137 mg/L through the granulation process. Moreover, 98% of the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be removed by the formulated granular sludge, and the final-stage organic loading rate was estimated at 5.65 COD/m³/day. According to the results, GSBRs could be employed for the formulation of aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of landfill leachate.     

污泥接种量对好氧污泥颗粒化的影响研究

考察了污泥接种体积分别为25％、50％和75％的反应器有效容积情况下的污泥颗粒化特征。结果发现，25％体积的污泥接种量利于颗粒污泥的形成和成长，其颗粒化程度高、平均粒径大且粒径分布范围广，而50％和75％体积的污泥接种量只能形成少量细小的颗粒污泥。分析认为，悬浮分散污泥是颗粒化的一个较大障碍，较少的接种量能够提供较大的自由沉淀空间，使污泥能够实现重力分层，进而排除与颗粒污泥竞争底物的悬浮不沉降污泥，从而利于颗粒化。污泥颗粒化的直接影响因素不是沉淀时间而是自由沉淀空间。沉淀时间的缩短使自由沉淀空间增加，从而影响了污泥颗粒化进程。     

工业污水可生物降解性评价方法研究

针对生化系统经常遭受异常进水或毒性物质冲击的情况,提出了以耗氧速率(OUR)和相对耗氧速率(SOUR)快速评价污水可生物降解性的方法,以提高活性污泥系统的处理效率和运行管理水平。试验结果表明:OUR和SOUR对异常pH值水质条件以及苯酚、甲醛和甲醇等毒性物质的存在都非常敏感。对于大庆石化公司水气厂化工污水处理场的活性污泥来说,甲醛对微生物的毒性最强,甲醇次之,而苯酚则最弱。化工污水处理场活性污泥对三者的允许浓度分别为70、170、350 mg/L。     

黄浦江上游原水强化处理选炭试验研究

以黄浦江上游水源为原水,通过煤质炭、竹质炭、椰壳炭等炭种筛选小试和中试试验,研究了黄浦江上游原水中有机污染物强化去除的最佳炭种及其最佳投加量。结果表明黄浦江上游原水中投加PAC能够改善处理后水质,提高原水中有机物的去除效果;并且随着PAC投加量的增加,原水中有机物去除效果增强;综合性价比、碳源等因素确定竹质炭较为经济合理;当竹质炭投加量为10～15mg/L时,处理后出水CODMn可达到3mg/L或以下。     

Thermophilic adaptation of a mesophilic anaerobic sludge for food waste treatment

As opposed to mesophilic, thermophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste can increase the biogas output of reactors. To facilitate the transition of anaerobic digesters, this paper investigated the impact of adapting mesophilic sludge to thermophilic conditions. A 5L bench scale reactor was seeded with mesophilic granular sludge obtained from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket digester. After 13 days of operation at 35 degrees C, the reactor temperature was instantaneously increased to 55 degrees C and operated at this temperature until day 21. The biomass was then fed food waste on days 21, 42 and 63, each time with an F/M (Food/Microorganism) ratio increasing from 0.12 to 4.43 gVS/gVSS. Sludge samples were collected on days 0, 21, 42 and 63 to conduct substrate activity tests, and reactor biogas production was monitored during the full experimental period. The sludge collected on day 21 demonstrated that the abrupt temperature change had no pasteurization effect, but rather lead to a biomass with a fermentative activity of 3.58 g Glucose/gVSS/d and a methanogenic activity of 0.47 and 0.26 g Substrate/gVSS/d, related respectively, to acetoclastic and hydrogenophilic microorganisms. At 55 degrees C, an ultimate gas production (Go) and a biodegradation potential (Bo) of 0.2-1.4 L(STP)/gVS(fed) and of 0.1-0.84 L(STP) CH(4)/gVS(fed) were obtained, respectively. For the treatment of food waste, a fully adapted inoculum was developed by eliminating the initial time-consuming acclimatization stage from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions. The feeding stage was initiated within 20 days, but to increase the population of thermophilic methanogenic microorganisms, a substrate supply program must be carefully observed.     

油田高盐浓度废水对其生化处理的影响

根据油田压裂液废水中的盐浓度对生化处理系统的影响,对生化处理系统中活性污泥的生物学变化规律进行了实验研究。结果表明:当废水中盐浓度低于2.5×104mg/L时,废水生化处理系统对COD的去除率可稳定在92%左右,污泥活性良好;当废水中盐浓度达到2.5×104mg/L时,污泥活性开始受到抑制,COD去除率急剧下降(稳定在80%左右);当盐浓度达到3.5×104mg/L时,COD去除率下降到60%左右;当废水中盐浓度达到6.0×104mg/L时,污泥活性系统趋于崩溃。     

硫酸盐生物还原的限制性生态因子的影响研究

利用厌氧颗粒污泥对烟气中SO2吸收生成的硫酸盐或亚硫酸盐废水进行处理,考察起始SO4^2-质量浓度、初始COD／SO4^2-、初始pH、接种污泥质量、亚铁离子等限制性生态因子对硫酸盐还原的影响。结果表明：在起始SO4^2-质量浓度800mg／L,初始COD／SO4^2-为3．0,pH值为7．0,接种污泥质量为31．10gVSS／L,添加亚铁离子的条件下,进行半连续试验,硫酸根去除率可迭70％。表明在COD／SO4^2-较低的条件下,各生态因子综合作用下,硫酸盐还原可得较好效果。     

微生物菌剂在酿酒废水处理中的应用研究

采用厌氧－好氧工艺,结合微生物菌剂对酿酒废水进行了处理研究。进水CODCr浓度可达到8,456.3-22,442.0mg/L,BOD55,040.0-9.557.1mg/L,pH3-4,可不调pH,采用微生物菌剂接种可启动厌氧反应器,COD有机负荷最高达到10.2gCOD/Ld,COD去除率稳定在91－95％,BOD去除率90－94％,出水pH6.6-7.1,出水CODCr在2,000mg/L以下,BOD5800mg/L以下。厌氧污泥可全部颗粒化。好氧处理系统中接种微生物菌剂,曝气10－12小时,可保证出水中CODCr在230mg/L以下,甚至直接达到国家一级排放标准。微生物菌剂的应用是取得该处理效果的关键。