红阳猕猴桃质量体系研究-果园建立

建园是红阳猕猴桃果果品生长的前提和发展红阳猕猴桃产业的基础.开展质量体系研究应从建园抓起,从园地自然条件、园地规划、架材架式、苗木定植后至上架前的管理等基础开展研究入手,从而实现优质高产.     

红阳猕猴桃和葛根配方的急性毒性研究

探讨红阳猕猴桃和葛根配方组合物的急性毒性。采用最大可给药量法,观察红阳猕猴桃和葛根配方组合物对小鼠、大鼠急性毒性的影响。结果表明,红阳猕猴桃和葛根配方组合物每日3次分别按最大体积40mL/kg·BW给小鼠灌胃,30mL/kg.BW给大鼠灌胃后,给药动物的摄食、排便、自由活动均正常,体重增加,未见死亡,表明在实验剂量下红阳猕猴桃和葛根配方组合物对机体无毒。     

红阳猕猴桃优良雄株选择初报

通过对优良雄性猕猴桃株系M1、M2、M3、M4、M5、M6、M7、M8的萌芽率、花期、花大小、花粉生活力以及授粉后对红阳猕猴桃果实品质的影响分析,认为M8是红阳猕猴桃的最适优良雄株.     

红阳猕猴桃果提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

探讨了红阳猕猴桃果提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响,采用冷冻干燥法制备红阳猕猴桃果提取物,观察其对小鼠碳粒廓清功能和环磷酰胺致免疫低下小鼠迟发型皮肤过敏反应的影响.结果表明,红阳猕猴桃果提取物高剂量灌胃可提高小鼠对碳粒的廓清指数和校正吞噬指数,可提高免疫低下小鼠的胸腺指数,增加耳肿胀程度.红阳猕猴桃果提取物对正常机体的非特异性免疫具有一定的促进作用,在一定程度上改善由环磷酰胺导致的免疫抑制,提高机体的特异性免疫功能.     

冻干对红阳猕猴桃果浆还原型抗坏血酸的影响

以还原型抗坏血酸保存率为指标,采用正交试验方法研究了冻干中红阳(Hongyang)猕猴桃果浆料的预冻方式、相对比表面积、放置位置因素等的影响.结果表明,在冻干加工处理中,果浆料的预冻方式、相对比表面积因素等冻干工艺参数对红阳猕猴桃果浆还原型抗坏血酸的保存率影响极显著(p<0.01),但是果浆料放置位置因素对抗坏血酸保存率的影响不显著(p>0.05),在优化冻干工艺条件下获得的红阳猕猴桃果浆干制品的还原型抗坏血酸保存率超过98%.此外,从理化指标(主要为抗坏血酸的保存率)与感官指标方面比较了冻干制品与热风干燥制品的差异,红阳猕猴桃果浆冻干加工制品的指标值均大大优于热风干制加工制品的指标值.     

红肉猕猴桃可持续育种研究

通过20多年的育种研究,已培育出经济价值高、经济性状各异的红肉猕猴桃系列品种,即红阳猕猴桃、红华猕猴桃和红美猕猴桃,提出了几点有关可持续育种研究的建议。     

四川省自然资源科学研究院——猕猴桃研究所

正四川省自然资源科学研究院于1979年秋开展猕猴桃科研工作,1997年成立猕猴桃研究中心,2001年改名为猕猴桃研究所,成为西南地区专业从事猕猴桃资源开发与利用研究的科研部门。经过20多年的发展,猕猴桃研究所建立了资源与育种、绿色防控等7个科研创新团队,选育出世界上第一个商业化红肉猕猴桃新品种——红阳,建立了全球最     

红阳猕猴桃和葛根配方的解酒保肝与抗氧化作用研究

研究红阳猕猴桃、葛根及其配方组合物的解酒保肝与抗氧化作用。采用乙醇所致小鼠自主活动减少和小鼠共济失调实验评价解酒作用;采用小鼠酒精性肝损伤模型评价保肝作用,采用ELISA测定大鼠尿液中8-羟基脱氧鸟苷酸（8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine,8-OHdG）和乙酰—赖氨酸加合物（hexanoyl-lysine adduct,HEL）,以了解配方组合物对DNA过氧化和脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明,红阳猕猴桃—葛根配方可减轻酒精所致小鼠行为抑制和共济失调,提示具有解酒作用;对酒精所致小鼠肝脏MDA、TG水平升高和GSH水平降低有明显改善,提示具有保护化学性肝损伤作用;降低正常和酒精损伤大鼠尿液中过氧化生物标志物水平,提示具有较好的抗氧化作用。红阳猕猴桃—葛根配方具有快速解酒作用,且可持续2—4h;对酒精性肝损伤有一定的保护作用,其机制与抗氧化有关。     

4种药剂对红阳猕猴桃根腐病的田间防治研究

以红阳猕猴桃根腐病病株为研究对象,采用大树环浇方法于4月和7月在田间各施用一次甲霜灵(1050mg a.i./L)、恶霉灵(330mg a.i./L)、木霉(5×109孢子/L)、亚磷酸盐(3000mg a.i./L)。结果表明,病株各处理间的株产量无显著差异,药剂各处理均有增产作用。以正常植株平均果重为指标,木霉处理平均果重95.89g、甲霜灵处理平均果重92.83g,与其他三个处理在0.05水平呈显著差异;恶霉灵(80.64g)和亚磷酸盐(80.54g)与对照(79.67g)无显著差异。8月份甲霜灵和木霉处理落叶率为25%,恶霉灵和亚磷酸盐落叶率分别为35.7%和39.9%,均与对照(67.11%)在0.05水平呈显著差异。综合分析,甲霜灵和木霉菌是防治红阳猕猴桃根腐病的最佳药剂。     

红阳猕猴桃叶斑病病原鉴定及室内药剂筛选

叶斑病是红阳猕猴桃出现的一种严重病害,成都平原地区6月下旬开始陆续发生,若7月份气候潮湿、降雨多,两周内叶子侵染率达20%—60%,植株开始落叶,严重影响到猕猴桃的产量和品质。从红阳猕猴桃4种叶斑症状分离出链格孢、炭疽病菌、拟茎点霉、棒孢霉4种真菌,其中棒孢霉具有强致病性,是红阳叶斑病的主要致病菌。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了11种杀菌剂对棒孢霉的毒力大小。结果表明:咪鲜胺锰盐、戊唑醇、氟硅唑、吡唑醚菌酯、丙环唑、异菌脲对菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,EC50分别为0.04881μg/m L、0.90914μg/m L、1.37901μg/m L、1.60798μg/m L、2.77784μg/m L、3.70938μg/m L;代森联、代森锰锌、多抗霉素、多菌灵对棒孢霉效果一般,EC50在19.3298—34.53023μg/m L之间;百菌清对棒孢霉EC50达483μg/m L,效果最差。在防治上应以农业防治为主,控制田间温湿度,及时清理落叶,6月喷施保护性杀菌剂预防,发病初期及时喷施咪鲜胺锰盐、三唑类、吡唑醚菌酯等药液,轮换用药,控制病害发展。     

从微生物指标中看我国肉类食品安全状况

从食品微生物指标：菌落总数、大肠菌群和致病菌三项入手,对我国肉类食品的微生物指标检测情况及其产品质量进行分析。在我国政府的有力监管下,肉类食品产品质量与安全有了大幅度提高。由此展望,21世纪,绿色肉类产品由于其健康、质量、安全、方便将成为消费主流和今后的发展趋势。     

Swiss Market for Meat from Animal-Friendly Production – Responses of Public and Private Actors in Switzerland

Animal welfare is an importantsocietal issue in Switzerland. Policy makershave responded with a strict legislation onanimal protection and with two programs topromote animal friendly husbandry. Alsoprivate actors in the meat industry initiatedprograms for animal friendly meat productionto meet consumers' expectations. Labeled meathas a market share of over 20%. Depending onthe stakeholders responsible for the labels,their objectives vary. While retailers want toattract consumers with meat produced in ananimal friendly and environmentally compatiblemanner and with products of consistently goodsensory quality, producers want to keep marketshares and increase their revenues.     

刺猬肉的营养成分及其品质评价

本文对野生动物刺猬的肉质营养成分及其品质进行了理化与感官检验。结果表明,刺猬肉的感官指标良好,其品质与营养成分可与常用动物媲美;油脂与常用动植物油脂相比,脂肪酸不饱和程度明显高于动物油脂,与多种植物油相当     

Stakeholders on Meat Production, Meat Consumption and Mitigation of Climate Change: Sweden as a Case

In this paper we analyse and discuss the views of Swedish stakeholders on how to mitigate climate change to the extent it is caused by meat production. The stakeholders include meat producer organisations, governmental agencies with direct influence on meat production, political parties as well as non-governmental organisations. Representatives of twelve organisations were interviewed. Several organisations argued against the mitigation option of reducing beef production despite the higher greenhouse gas intensity of beef compared to pork and chicken meat (according to life cycle analysis). Regarding feed production some organisations proposed use of the best available industrial fertilizers, others were against all use of such fertilizers. Several organizations suggested domestic production of more protein-rich fodder and use of manure for biogas production. Regarding meat consumption the focus was on throwing away less food as waste and on eating less meat but the best (most climate friendly) meat, which was considered to be Swedish meat in contrast to imported meat. There was agreement on many issues. Most disagreement was found regarding political steering. We find many of the stakeholders’ mitigation proposals regarding meat production and consumption acceptable. However, we are to some extent critical to their defence of Swedish beef production. We also point out certain problems with the suggestion to reduce consumption of imported meat but not of domestically produced meat.     

Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of meat processing wastewater

The meat processing industry is believed to produce highly polluted wastewater. Analysis of such wastewater indicated that the waste was highly contaminated with organic compounds as indicated by COD (1544mgO2l–1), BOD (646mgO2l–1), and TSS (1155 mgl–1). Moreover, oil and grease concentrations reached 144mgl–1 treatment of raw wastewater using Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) followed by Rotating Biological Contactors (RBC) was studied. Efficiency of the UASB for the removal of CODtotal, BODtotal, TSS, and oil and grease was 56%, 56%, 85%, and 58%, respectively. The quality of the UASB effluent barely complies with the regulatory standards for discharging wastewater into the sewerage network. UASB effluent was subjected for further treatment using a RBC unit to improve the quality of the treated effluent for reuse in irrigation purposes. Residual COD, BOD, TSS, and oil and grease, following RBC, was 132mgO2l–1, 40mgO2l–1, 44mgl–1, and 10mgl–1 respectively. The overall efficiency of the treatment units provided good quality effluent. The overall percentage removal of COD, BOD, TSS, and oil and grease was 91.5%, 94%, 96%, and 91%, respectively. Based on the quality of the treated effluent and guidelines recommended for wastewater reuse, it may be concluded that a slight to moderate restricted irrigation is applicable to reuse the treated effluent in the green belt around the factory. Disinfection should be applied to ensure the safety of such a process.     

The Fat of the Land: Linking American Food Overconsumption, Obesity, and Biodiversity Loss

Americans’ excessive consumption of food harms their health and quality of life and also causes direct and indirect environmental degradation, through habitat loss and increased pollution from agricultural fertilizers and pesticides. We show here that reducing food consumption (and eating less meat) could improve Americans’ health and well-being while facilitating environmental benefits ranging from establishing new national parks and protected areas to allowing more earth-friendly farming and ranching techniques. We conclude by considering various public policy initiatives to lower per capita caloric intake and excessive meat consumption, and to translate this temperate behavior into substantial environmental protection.     

Life cycle of meats: an opportunity to abate the greenhouse gas emission from meat industry in Japan

The food industry is one of the world's largest industrial sectors, hence a large contributor of greenhouse gases (GHG) which cause global warming. This study evaluates the life cycle of various types of meat to determine if the GHG emission from the meat industry in Japan could be reduced if the population makes different dietary choices. It was confirmed that the GHG emission of beef was greater than that of pork or chicken. The GHG emission from meat in general also depends on the per capita caloric intake (if meat supplies the recommended animal protein or contributes to it at the present rate). In a healthy and balanced diet (9.2 MJ i.e., 2200 kcal in total, where either mixed meat or chicken or pork or beef contributes 2.2%), the GHG emission is estimated to be 0.28 or 0.17 or 0.15 or 0.77 kg CO? eq/person/day, respectively. A change in consumption patterns (from beef to chicken or pork) and the adoption of a healthy and balanced diet would help to abate about 2.5-54.0 million tons (CO? eq) produced by the meat industry each year in Japan.     

Meeting Heterogeneity in Consumer Demand for Animal Welfare: A Reflection on Existing Knowledge and Implications for the Meat Sector

The legitimacy of the dominant intensive meat production system with respect to the issue of animal welfare is increasingly being questioned by stakeholders across the meat supply chain. The current meat supply is highly undifferentiated, catering only for the extremes of morality concerns (i.e., conventional vs. organic meat products). However, a latent need for compromise products has been identified. That is, consumer differences exist regarding the trade-offs they make between different aspects associated with meat consumption. The heterogeneity in consumer demand could function as a starting point for market segmentation, targeting and positioning regarding animal welfare concepts that are differentiated in terms of animal welfare and price levels. Despite this, stakeholders in the meat supply chain seem to be trapped in the dominant business model focused on low cost prices. This paper aims to identify conflicting interests that stakeholders in the meat supply chain experience in order to increase understanding of why heterogeneous consumer preferences are not met by a more differentiated supply of meat products produced at different levels of animal welfare standards. In addition, characteristics of the supply chain that contribute to the existence of high exit barriers and difficulty to shift to more animal-friendly production systems are identified. Following the analysis of conflicting interests among stakeholders and factors that contribute to difficulty to transform the existing dominant regime, different routes are discussed that may help and motivate stakeholders to overcome these barriers and stimulate the creation of new markets.     

新农村建设污水处理工程实例

山海关区新民居污水治理工程采用水解酸化+接触氧化+曝气生物滤池为主的工艺进行污水治理,实际运行结果表明:系统运行稳定,处理出水COD≤48 mg.L-1,BOD5≤9 mg.L-1,SS≤10 mg.L-1,NH3-N≤4.5 mg.L-1,TP≤0.47 mg.L-1,处理出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,出水用于农村绿化和农灌,经济效益和环境效益明显。     

调整产业结构,保护四川省境内的黄河流域区生态环境

四川境内的黄河流域区为一个高寒牧业区,单纯的牧业经济给区域的生态环境造成了很大破坏,特别是草场退化、沙化、沼泽干涸,致使区域内水源涵养功能及其它生态功能的下降,危及黄河流域及国家的生态安全。因此,必须调整区域的产业结构,改变单一的牧业经济,减轻对生态系统的压力。产业结构调整的关键在于提高草地畜牧业经济的“质” 而非“量”;一方面应加强牲畜优良品种的培育和推广,使牲畜的肉、皮、毛、绒、骨等经济价值得以高质量。高效益地转化;另一方面,要立体开发草原经济,实行多业并举,使区域经济与生态环境保护协调发展。