非金属材料的氙灯曝露试验概述

氙灯曝露试验是非金属材料的耐候性和耐光性测试的主要方法之一,本文着重介绍了氙灯曝露试验的原理、试验条件在当前的氙灯曝露试验设备上的物理实现、主要的氙灯试验标准以及氙灯曝露试验应考虑的因素.     

氙灯曝露试验中标准物质的用途及使用方法

本文介绍了氙灯曝露试验中应用的主要标准物质,它们的用途及使用方法,着重介绍了蓝色羊毛标准、聚苯乙烯标准塑料片的应用.     

非盒属材料的荧光紫外灯曝露试验概述

荧光紫外灯曝露试验是非金属材料的人工气候老化试验的常用方法,本文着重介绍了荧光紫外灯曝露试验的原理、荧光紫外灯曝露试验设备的要求、主要的荧光紫外灯试验标准以及荧光紫外灯曝露试验应考虑的因素.     

机电产品高原环境曝露试验特殊技术要求及方法的探讨

探讨并阐述了机电产品及材料高原自然环境和高原模拟环境曝露试验原理、试验方式、特殊的技术要求和试验方法。     

国外天然环境曝露试验概述

回顾国外天然环境曝露试验的历史,介绍各国的曝露试验场,并摘报近年一些国家进行天然环境曝露试验的情况。     

机电产品高原环境暴露试验特殊技术要求及方法的探讨

探讨并阐述了机电产品及材料高原自然环境和高原模拟环境曝露试验原理,试验方式,特殊的技术要求和试验方法。     

氙灯暴露试验良好再现性的保证

本文针对氙灯暴露试验方法,重点分析了在样品准备和氙灯暴露试验过程两方面影响试验结果再现性的因素,结合当前的设备技术水平,介绍了在这两方面保证试验结果良好再现性的措施,并进一步提出了未来在氙灯暴露试验标准完善以及设备设计改进方面的设想和建议.     

试样投试时间对高原环境大气曝露试验结果影响的初探

本文根据高原气候特点,通过对比试验,分析了试样投放时间对高原环境大气曝露试验结果的影响,并对高原环境下的投放时间提出了建议,对进行产品及材料的高原环境大气曝露试验有一定的参考价值。     

机电产品自然大气曝露试验方法初探

提出机电产品自然大气曝露试验方法需考虑的问题:曝露试验条件和方式、试样,试验场地和试验装置,试验期限及投试时间,检测周期,测试注意事项。     

聚苯乙烯材料的氙灯与海南自然老化的相关性和加速性研究

为考查聚苯乙烯材料(PS)的在人工和自然老化之间相关性和加速性,在海南湿热环境的5个站点开展自然暴露试验,基于色差变化数据,PS在琼海和临高的老化速率最大。通过开展3种不同条件的氙灯老化试验,比较自然和加速老化的相关性,选出最适合模拟海南湿热环境的氙灯试验条件。再对氙灯老化相对5个站点的自然老化的加速性进行了探讨,结果显示氙灯老化方法 1对海口自然老化的加速性最大,加速因子为7.87。     

RELATIVE RATES OF EVAPORATIVE WATER LOSSES FROM OPEN AND VEGETATION COVERED WATER BODIES1

ABSTRACT: A review of literature pertaining to the relative rates of evaporation from vegetation covered and open water bodies is presented. The review indicates that the only reliable experiments capable of correctly addressing this question are those conducted in situ. Experiments of this nature show the ratio of vegetation covered (swamp) evaporation to open water evaporation to generally be less than unity over extensive surfaces and to only approach unity for vegetation that is young and vigorous. Recent experimental evidence presented within a theoretical context, however, indicates that even in the latter situation the ratio may never reach unity. Consequently, over large lakes and reservoirs, the presence of vegetation may actually be a water conservation mechanism, with the eradication of the vegetation leading to significantly increased evaporative water losses.     

海军航材仓库中曲霉属的耐药性研究

黄曲霉是航材仓库中常见的霉菌之一,其适应性强易变异,容易产生耐药性,在航材仓库中很难防治;通过分析其特性和几种药物对其防治效果以及同一种药剂对几种霉菌防治效果的比较,初步确定了黄曲霉的耐药性并给出了初步的治理建议。     

农药的环境问题及发展动向

本文综述了农药对环境的污染,以及昆虫对农药产生的抗性。报道了农药最近的研究动向。     

脉冲袋式除尘器的阻力分析

分析了脉冲袋式除尘器阻力的构成及分布,提出了降低袋式除尘器阻力的途径和要点,并阐述了袋式除尘器节能的根本措施。     

石油烃降解菌在高温高盐环境中的生理特性及应用潜力

分析了石油烃降解菌的生理特性及耐温、耐盐机制,介绍了国内外在高温高盐含油污水生物处理以及在高温高盐油藏的微生物采油方面应用石油烃降解菌方面的研究进展。国内外的研究结果表明,微生物在高温(地温120℃)、高矿化度(10×104mg／L)的油藏条件下,仍能保持较高的存活率,增油效果较好。     

Between resistance and resilience: a study of flood risk management in the Don catchment area (UK)

The river Don catchment area in Sheffield and Rotherham offers a good place for a case study of flood risk management, given the impact of a flooding event in 2007 and the way in which local events have become entwined with national and international policy shifts. To interpret local policy, a combination of systems-based and socio-cultural theory is used. Both the theories and the case study serve to disentangle the multiple meanings of resilience. Understood in opposition to flood resistance, resilience has only limited applicability in an area such as the case study where engineering works protect employment and infrastructure. Resilience as a policy discourse also lacks political transparency and a recognition of socio-cultural influences. Underlying the shift towards resilient styles of management is an appreciation of the importance of capacity, to learn and to act. The case study identifies blockages to the realisation of that capacity.     

Ethics, Science, and Antimicrobial Resistance

The issue of regularly feeding low levels of antibiotics to farm animals in order to increase productivity is often portrayed as a dilemma. On the one hand, such antibiotic use is depicted as a necessary condition for producing cheap and plentiful food, such that were such use to stop, food prices would rise significantly and our ability to feed people in developing nations would decrease. On the other hand, such antibiotic use seems to breed antibiotic resistance into pathogens affecting human health. Resolving this dilemma, it is alleged, will require great amounts of research into risk/benefit assessment. Contrary to this claim, we will argue that society has all the data it needs to make a reasonable ethical decision, which would be curtailing such use. Such curtailment will not harm consumers significantly, will not harm developing nations' evolving agriculture, and could produce hitherto unnoticed benefits, namely restoring the possibility of a more husbandry-based, sustainable agriculture to replace the high-tech agriculture that has hurt animals, the environment, small farms, and sustainability.     

Heat transfer of vapor chamber with different types of microchannels

Two 40-mm × 35-mm × 1.525-mm micro vapor chambers were fabricated by inductively coupled plasma etching on silicon substrates and tested in this study. One vapor chamber exhibited convergent microchannels, whose widest and narrowest width were 0.3 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively, and the other exhibited discontinuous microchannels having width of 0.3 mm. Those micro vapor chambers that were filled with deionized water in a filling ratio of approximately 48% were tested with various titled angles and input powers. The results showed that the thermal performance of the vapor chamber having discontinuous microchannels was inferior because the spacing between microchannelend and the micropostin both condensing and evaporating sections was too far to return the condensed fluid from condensing section to the evaporating section of the vapor chamber. On the contrary, the convergent microchannel in the other vapor chamber enhanced capillary force, so that the condensed liquid could be successfully forced from the condensing section to the evaporating section even with top heating mode (–90°). The thermal resistance of the vapor chamber having convergent micro channels with top heating mode was 2.08°C/W at 22 W, while the thermal resistance of the vapor chamber with horizontal heating mode was 1.46°C/W at 28 W.     

Regulatory resistance to environmental law in rural Australia: land clearing,murder and the media

ABSTRACT

In 2014 an Australia public servant was killed in a confrontation over illegal land clearing. The perpetrator was a land holder with a history of non-compliance with environmental regulations and had been subject to a series of prosecutions. Political suggestions that the crime was somehow justified drew attention to the growing prevalence of law breaking linked to environmental law and policy in rural Australia. This paper investigated the social construction of both the crime and the community response through a qualitative media content analysis. Utilising the “Recipe for Criminalisation” framework developed by Amnesty International, the analysis identified a contest between media discourses of legitimacy in regards to the actions taken by the perpetrator, the public servant and ultimately, the regulatory framework itself. The analysis revealed that the link between media references to illegitimate legislation, excessive regulation, over-zealous compliance and strong social norms of rural independence and economic survival created a persuasive story of justified resistance to unwelcome environmental legislation in this case. Understanding how affected communities respond to instances of policy failure, civil and criminal law breaking and environmental compliance is a crucial factor in designing more legitimate and effective governance regimes. How media narratives are constructed, by whom and in whose interests remains an important analytic question for the study of resistance to environmental law and policy around the world.