地下金属矿山安全标准化系统信息平台的构建与应用

以金属非金属地下矿山安全标准化系统的管理思想为理论指导和主要目标,按照安全标准化14个要素的运行要求,构建地下矿山安全标准化系统信息平台,对安全标准化的具体建设内容进行相应的信息化管理.针对地下矿山的特点,开发采场安全管理和尾矿库安全管理2个特色模块.结合矿山企业的实际需求,将信息平台划分为工作管理、图形统计、报表分析、公共事务和系统管理等5个模块,并详细探讨各模块所实现的功能.信息平台的应用保障了地下矿山安全标准化系统的有效实施与运行.     

矿井主运输巷道供风管突然垮塌所引发的一起伤亡事故分析

对某矿山所发生的一起矿井主运输巷道供风管突然垮塌所引发的伤亡事故进行了分析,说明了工程质量与安全管理的关系。指出在矿山建设中,一定要重视质量管理。     

矿山企业环境目标管理探索

随着矿山企业环境保护工作的深入发展,环境管理亦由过去的定性和经验型管理开始向定量化和科学化管理转变,环境目标管理就是这种转变的具体表现。近几年,冶金部制定了一系列矿山环境保护法规、环境质量标准和采矿业污染治理的技术对策等,形成了一个有效的宏观控制体系。但在整个矿山环境保护管理工作链中,即宏观控制——目标管理——微观水平三者之间,目标管理依然十分薄弱,所以,强化矿山环境目标管理已成为搞好矿山环境保护工作的重要课题。本文就矿山环境目标管理进行一些探索。所谓矿山的环境目标管理,主要指矿山的环境质量目标管理。是指一定时空条件下,为实现定量化的环境目标所进行的以责任制为基础的环境管理过程。矿山环境目标管理的实质是从改善矿区     

磷矿矿山顶板稳定性分级方法

冒顶片帮事故是地下矿山危害最为严重的事故,矿山地压管理是地下开采矿山安全管理的重要任务.顶板稳定性分析是地压管理的重要方法.提出了顶板稳定性分级的指标和分级方法.首次指出风化作用对顶板稳定性的影响,并就地下水对顶板稳定性的影响进行了分析.     

煤矿灾害及安全管理综合评价

通过分析煤矿灾害事故,针对目前煤矿安全生产中存在的突出问题以及安全评价和安全管理中显现的深层次矛盾,运用层次分析法对矿山灾害进行分析.对矿山安全管理系统进行模糊评价,为矿山安全管理和科学决策提供了依据.     

模糊评价在矿山安全管理中的应用

对矿山安全管理状况进行综合评价,有利于更好地了解矿山的安全管理现状.采用层次分析法建立层次结构模型,确定各指标相对权重及其等级隶属度,在此基础上建立模糊评价模型,并将该评价方法应用于某矿安全管理实例中.评价结果表明,应用此法对矿山安全管理综合评价时更直观、更科学.     

矿山生产安全检查闭环管理模式及其信息化技术

结合矿山生产安全的基本内容和特点,以巡回检查、例行检查、专业检查和综合检查4种安全检查为基础,提出了矿山生产安全检查闭环管理模式.该模式能够保证检查信息的完整性,有利于高层节点对底层信息的总体把握,并引入信息化技术开发出了基于J2EE的B-S模式的安全检查闭环管理模块.通过固定选项管理功能,提高了系统对不同类型矿山的适应性.系统分权限管理,可基本满足不同用户的要求.该模块是矿山安全标准化信息管理系统的重要组成部分.     

矿山安全管理信息系统的研究与开发

在分析安全管理信息系统的特点和发展状况的基础上,论述了矿山安全管理信息系统所包括的内容：安全信息,系统安全分析,事故预测,安全评价。开发了矿山安全管理信息系统软件。     

规模化、规范化开采是矿山安全生产的基本保证

近年,小型矿山数量剧增.这些矿山受自身及有关条件的影响,片面追求眼前利益,违规开采,造成矿山事故不断发生.矿山只有形成一定的生产规模,才有可能从人力、物力、财力等方面保证开采作业的规范进行,安全才有保障.矿山生产规模化是作业规范化的基础.矿山的规模化、规范化开采工作,应通过加大宣传、管理力度,加强宏观调控来实现.小型矿山通过规模化整合,实现规范化开采必将为国民经济的发展作出更大贡献.     

云南某矿山清洁生产影响因素分析

综述了云南省某矿山清洁生产现状,分析了影响矿山清洁生产的因素.使用技术包括废水处理、土地复垦技术以及矿石废石的综合利用,同时分析了经济、管理、产业政策因素对该矿山清洁生产的影响.并对提高矿山清洁生产提出了相应的建议.对矿山企业推行清洁生产具有一定的指导意义.     

Application of a predictive safety model in a combustion testing environment

A predictive safety model for accident prevention and system failure, called Continuous Hazard Tracking and Failure Prediction Methodology, is applied at the Marshall Space Flight Center's promoted combustion test chamber. It combines the underlying principles of work sampling, control charts, and multivariate analysis. The sampling is performed to observe the occurrence of conditions which may be becoming hazardous in a given system. These building blocks of hazards, which we have called dendritics, could result in an accident, system malfunction, or unacceptable risk conditions. The data collected is plotted to generate the appropriate control chart, which depends on the characteristics of the given system and the protection desired. Based on the pattern of the control chart, a system ‘under control’ is not disturbed whereas a system ‘out of control’ is investigated for potential conditions becoming hazardous. Then appropriate steps are taken to eliminate or control these conditions in order to maintain a desired safety status of the system. The continuously running characteristic of this model allows for the verification that the corrective measures taken to ameliorate the ‘out of control’ conditions were satisfactory or whether more proactive action is required. The results provided by the predictive model were validated with historical safety data.     

Smoke control of a fire in a tunnel with vertical shaft

The aim of this research is to find the optimum smoke extraction rate through the ventilation shaft in case of a fire in a long road tunnel. Furthermore, it is also investigated whether the current emergency ventilation design practice using a vertical shaft can limit the smoke propagation from a fully loaded gasoline tank lorry fire. For this research, scaled model experiments were carried out using a 20 m- long model tunnel with a vertical shaft. A CFD modeling tool was also extensively utilized to investigate the extremely dangerous situation in which a fully loaded gasoline tank lorry is burning inside a long road tunnel.     

A simple model for predicting the release of a liquid-vapor mixture from a large break in a pressurized container

This paper presents a simple, accurate model for determining the amount and composition of a liquid-vapor release from a pressurized tank that develops a large break above the level of the liquid. Most models commonly used by the chemical industry assume that there is thermal- and mechanical-equilibrium between the liquid- and the vapor-phase (homogeneous equilibrium models, HEM). While this assumption is valid for releases though long pipes and nozzles, we found that it overestimates the total amount released during rapid discharges through large breaks in a vessel when there is insufficient time for the mixture to become homogeneous. We derived an analytical non-homogeneous, thermal equilibrium model that accurately determines the void fraction of the mixture at the time of the release, and the quantity of a release from a pressurized container. Our model is based on equations describing the transfer of interfacial momentum between the liquid- and the vapor- phases that develop during the quick depressurization of a vessel. The model’s predictions are verified by comparing them with actual measurements of the void fraction, and with the results of the RELAP5 model. Also, our model is used to determine emissions of nitrogen oxides and nitric acid in an actual rupture of a railcar tank. The results agreed with actual observations, whereas a homogeneous equilibrium model gave erroneous predictions.     

Development of a risk-based maintenance (RBM) strategy for a power-generating plant

The unexpected failures, the down time associated with such failures, the loss of production and, the higher maintenance costs are major problems in any process plant. Risk-based maintenance (RBM) approach helps in designing an alternative strategy to minimize the risk resulting from breakdowns or failures. Adapting a risk-based maintenance strategy is essential in developing cost-effective maintenance policies.The RBM methodology is comprised of four modules: identification of the scope, risk assessment, risk evaluation, and maintenance planning. Using this methodology, one is able to estimate risk caused by the unexpected failure as a function of the probability and the consequence of failure. Critical equipment can be identified based on the level of risk and a pre-selected acceptable level of risk. Maintenance of equipment is prioritized based on the risk, which helps in reducing the overall risk of the plant.The case study of a power-generating unit in the Holyrood thermal power generation plant is used to illustrate the methodology. Results indicate that the methodology is successful in identifying the critical equipment and in reducing the risk of resulting from the failure of the equipment. Risk reduction is achieved through the adoption of a maintenance plan which not only increases the reliability of the equipment but also reduces the cost of maintenance including the cost of failure.     

建筑火灾区域模拟竖孔流动的计算

本文根据建筑火灾双层区域模拟思想，给出其常微分控制方程组，并分析了其压力求解方法，然后，运用伯努力利方程推导了相邻房间通过矩形竖孔（门或窗）的质量流率计算公式，还讨论了竖孔流动中性面产生条件。在此基础上，结合一两房间、两孔建筑中烟气运动实例，运用Ｃ．Ｗ．Ｇｅａｒ刚性稳定算法对火灾发展及烟气流动过程进行了数值模拟；给出各竖孔中性面位置、数量和各主环境之间通过竖孔的质量流率；还给出各房间气体平均温升、     

光电探测器微变信号放大电路的设计和分析

针对火灾探测过程中的光电探测器输出的微弱信号设计了一个微变信号提取放大电路。将探测器内阻分解为微变内阻和不变内阻,采用两路取样信号方法进行差模放大。经过计算选择了特定的电路参数,使得电路输出和探测器微变内阻成正比关系,从而实现了微变信号的放大。用斩波方法进行了电路输出性能的实验。对电路参数的选择以及温漂问题进行了详细分析。     

The Airline Lifesaver: a 17-year analysis of a technique to prompt the delivery of a safety message

INTRODUCTION: The Airline Lifesaver (AL) is a 13.3 cm x 9.8 cm card any passenger can deliver to the attendant of a commercial airline in order to prompt the delivery of an important safety message. In particular, the AL requests the following safety--belt reminder be added to the regular announcements given at the end of the flight-"Now that you have worn a seat belt for the safest part of your trip, the flight crew would like to remind you to buckle-up during your ground transportation." METHOD: The AL card was handed to 1,258 flight attendants over a 17-year period and compliance with the request for the safety message was systematically tracked. Slightly more than one-third of the AL cards (n=460) included an incentive for making the announcement. RESULTS: Without the incentive, compliance to give the buckle-up reminder was 35.5% of 798 flights. With the incentive, compliance was significantly higher (i.e., 53.3%). IMPACT: The validity of the AL intervention is discussed with regard to its: (a) relevance to cognitive dissonance and consistency theory, and (b) broad-based applicability as a component of community-wide efforts to facilitate a safety-focused culture. The 17-year study also demonstrated a practical and cost-effective application of a behavior-based incentive program.     

Development of a risk-based maintenance strategy using FMEA for a continuous catalytic reforming plant

Petrochemical facilities and plants require essential ongoing maintenance to ensure high levels of reliability and safety. A risk-based maintenance (RBM) strategy is a useful tool to design a cost-effective maintenance schedule; its objective is to reduce overall risk in the operating facility. In risk assessment of a failure scenario, consequences often have three key features: personnel safety effect, environmental threat and economic loss. In this paper, to quantify the severity of personnel injury and environmental pollution, a failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) method is developed using subjective information derived from domain experts. On the basis of failure probability and consequence analysis, the risk is calculated and compared against the known acceptable risk criteria. To facilitate the comparison, a risk index is introduced, and weight factors are determined by an analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the appropriate maintenance tasks are scheduled under the risk constraints. A case study of a continuous catalytic reforming plant is used to illustrate the proposed approach. The results indicate that FMEA is helpful to identify critical facilities; the RBM strategy can increase the reliability of high-risk facilities, and corrective maintenance is the preferred approach for low-risk facilities to reduce maintenance expenditure.     

某滑坡事故的诱因分析

从爆破地震安全距离、爆破振动速度及对边坡的影响、空气冲击波安全距离等角度对某滑坡事故的诱因进行分析,得出爆破过程对事故有一定的影响作用,认为事故的产生是边坡开挖、爆破及大降暴雨综合作用的结果。     

Development of a FRAM-based framework to identify hazards in a complex system

System-based approaches such as Functional Resonance Analysis Model (FRAM) are developed to model the complex interactions of system variables and their performance variabilities that may lead to a hazardous scenario in a complex system. However, they have limitations to be applied in process industries for hazard identification since they are heavily based on qualitative analysis and expert elicitations. To overcome the limitations of the system-based hazard identification, the study developed a FRAM-based framework to integrate a human performance model, an equipment performance model, and a first-principle based chemical process model into a hybrid simulator, which will be able to aid hazard analysis in the process industries. The simulator is capable of simulating the performance variabilities of the functions through the aggregation of mathematical models within a complex system, which can be used to simulate potential hazard situations and identify the corresponding interactions. Interaction analysis is conducted by applying association rule mining to the simulated data. The impact of the interactions among upstream functions on the performance of downstream functions can be identified by interpreting the rules, whose antecedents contain upstream functions and consequents contain downstream functions.