共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jin GUO Feng SHENG Jianhua GUO Xiong YANG Mintao MA Yongzhen PENG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(2):280-287
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation in sequence batch reactor (SBR) fed with carbon sources of different biodegradability was investigated. During the biologic degradation process, the low molecular weight (MW) fraction (< 1 kDa) gradually decreased, while the refractory compounds with higher aromaticity were aggregated. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and fluorescence of excitation emission matrices (EEM) demonstrated that more biopolymers (polysaccharides or proteins) and humic-like substances were presented in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) extracted from the SBR fed with sodium acetate or glucose, while the EPS from SBR fed with slowly biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (DOC) substratestarch had relatively less biopolymers. Comparing the EfOM in sewage effluent of three SBRs, the effluent from SBR fed with starch is more aromatic. Organic carbon with MW>1 kDa as well as the hydrophobic fraction in DOM gradually increased with the carbon sources changing from sodium acetate to glucose and starch. The DOC fractionation and the EEM all demonstrated that EfOM from the effluent of the SBR fed with starch contained more fulvic acid-like substances comparing with the SBR fed with sodium acetate and glucose. 相似文献
2.
废水处理系统中生物聚集体胞外多聚物研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
胞外多聚物(Extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)是废水生物处理系统中生物聚集体(包括絮体污泥、生物膜、颗粒污泥等)的重要组成部分,直接包裹于微生物细胞壁外,其理化性质及所处的特殊位置决定了它在生物聚集体中的重要作用.综述了EPS对废水生物处理系统污泥沉降性能、脱水性以及膜生物反应器膜污染影响的相关研究,分析认为EPS组成与结构特性改变污泥表面电位、疏水性等,进而影响污泥沉降与脱水性能、膜污染程度;以好氧颗粒污泥为典型的生物聚集体代表,总结了EPS组分含量与分布对颗粒污泥的形成与结构稳定性的影响,并在EPS提取方法标准化、现代理化技术与分子生物学技术综合分析等方面进行了展望,进一步的研究有望揭示生物絮凝体形成过程EPS的产生与调控机制. 相似文献
3.
A novel extracellular bioflocculant from Bacillus mucilaginosus MY6-2 was obtained by alcohol precipitation, dialysis and lyophilisation. The chemical analysis indicated that the bioflocculant was mainly composed of extracellular polysaccharide (named EPS MY6-2). Monosacchride composition result analysed by Gas chromatography indicated that EPS MY6-2 was mainly composed of Man, Glc, Gal, GlcA and GalA. The result of flocculating characteristics indicated that pH, EPS dosage and cation supplement had evident effect on flocculating activity of EPS MY6-2. The biosorption of iron ions from aqueous solution was tested with respect to pH, initial metal ion concentration and EPS dosage. The optimum biosorption conditions were as follows: pH 5.0, initial ion concentration from 200 to 800 mg/L and EPS dosage of 60 mg/L ion solution. The adsorption rates are maintained above 95% under these conditions. The adsorption data provided an excellent fit to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, implying that the binding of the iron ions took place as a monolayer on the surface of the EPS. 相似文献
4.
以饮用水管网生物膜样品中一株强成膜能力的菌株Pleomorphomonas oryzae作为研究对象,考察了8种方法(高速离心法、超声法、加热法、EDTA法、H2SO4法、NaOH法、SDS法、甲醛法)对菌株胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取效果,并结合三维荧光光谱(EEM)和傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)对提取的EPS进行成分分析.结果表明,EDTA法和H2SO4法既能提高EPS的提取效率,提取量分别为64.77 mg·g-1 SS和74.43 mg·g-1 SS,是离心方法提取量的1.62倍和1.86倍,又不会在提取过程中对菌株细胞造成破坏,是较为理想的EPS提取方法.EEM分析进一步证实,NaOH法对菌株细胞破坏严重,造成EPS成分变化较大.FTIR分析则说明,化学提取方法相较于物理提取方法会引入杂质对组分测定造成干扰. 相似文献
5.
Ling-Ling Wang Shan Chen Hai-Ting Zheng Guo-Qing Sheng Zhi-Jun Wang Wen-Wei Li Han-Qing Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(1):131-139
Since the living microorganisms in activated sludge continuously change, it is difficult to conduct controlled experiments and achieve reproducible results for evaluating sludge characteristics. Synthetic sludge, as a chemical surrogate to activated sludge, could be used to investigate the sludge physicochemical properties, and it is desirable to prepare synthetic sludge with similar structure and properties to real activated sludge to explore the flocculation and settlement processes in activated sludge systems. In this work, a high-strength synthetic sludge was prepared with functional polystyrene latex particles as the framework and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to modify its surface. The flocculation and settling characteristics of the microspheres and the prepared synthetic sludge were tested. Compared with other three functional polystyrene latex microspheres, the synthetic sludge prepared with EPS-modified polystyrene latex microspheres showed good settling characteristics and a significantly higher strength. They could be used for studying the physicochemical properties of activated sludge. 相似文献
6.
在间歇培养条件下,研究了低浓度Ce3+对启动驯化、稳定培养和酸化等不同状态对厌氧颗粒污泥比产甲烷活性的影响.结果表明,低浓度Ce3+可促进厌氧颗粒污泥的比产甲烷活性;0.05mg·l-1Ce3+对稳定培养中的厌氧颗粒污泥比产甲烷活性促进作用最大,提高了14.29%,对酸化污泥促进作用较弱,低于5%,对启动驯化和再启动污泥有所抑制,抑制程度分别为7.67%和1.64%;驯化培养过程有利于污泥对稀土的适应.Ce3+的加入降低了启动驯化、稳定培养、严重酸化和再启动污泥的胞外多糖含量,有利于颗粒污泥的稳定性.Ce3+使驯化、稳定培养和再启动状态污泥的胞外核酸含量降低,而酸化污泥的胞外核酸含量升高,可用细胞膜通透性的改变解释. 相似文献
7.
采用高速离心法、EDTA法、阳离子交换树脂法(CER)、甲醛法和甲醛+NaOH法提取普通活性污泥和好氧颗粒污泥的胞外多聚物(EPS), 结合三维荧光光谱对五种方法进行评价, 并对EPS中的成分进行分析.结果表明, 5个EPS的三维荧光光谱峰值中, 2个是类蛋白峰, 2个是类富里酸峰, 1个是类腐殖酸峰.匀浆对好氧颗粒污泥EPS的提取必不可少.甲醛严重干扰核酸的化学测定.透析前后的EPS提取液均应作为分析对象.单纯高速离心法无法有效提取EPS.CER法不容易造成细胞破壁, 是一种比较有效的方法.虽然甲醛+NaOH法对EPS的提取量最大, 但对细胞的破壁程度也最大.EDTA会导致溶胞, 并严重污染EPS.甲醛+NaOH法和EDTA法都会严重干扰胞外蛋白的三维荧光光谱分析. 相似文献
8.
从使用再生水的某电厂冷却塔粘泥中分离出一株具有硫酸盐还原功能的弗氏柠檬酸杆菌.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对再生水中HSn70-1A和BFe30-1-1两种合金表面弗氏柠檬酸杆菌生物膜结构和成分进行表征,结果表明HSn70-1A成膜特性好于BFe30-1-1,两种合金表面生物膜中C、O等无机元素含量较大、基体金属元素含量下降较为明显.对不同时刻合金表面生物膜胞外聚合物(EPS)组分进行分析,多糖与蛋白质含量之比揭示出,在第3天和第7天两个关键期EPS的疏水性能对微生物膜的致密性和完整性产生重要影响,实验结果表明在两个关键期内HSn70-1A显示较好的疏水性能,使其比BFe30-1-1表现出较强的耐微生物腐蚀性能. 相似文献
9.
Yanqing Duan Aijuan Zhou Xiuping Yue Zhichun Zhang Yanjuan Gao Yanhong Luo Xiao Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(1):12
10.
本文应用生物化学和电化学分析方法研究了发电厂循环水系统常用杀菌剂NaClO和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)脱氢酶活性,胞外聚合物(EPS)以及对不锈钢SS316L表面生物膜电化学行为的影响.结果表明,2种杀菌剂均有效地降低了细菌脱氢酶活性和细菌代谢产物EPS中多糖和蛋白质的含量.其中NaClO和1227对多糖削减水平相当,平均降幅均为72 mass%;NaClO对蛋白质削减效果较为明显,平均降幅为60 mass%,而1227对蛋白质的平均降幅为48 mass%.添加2种杀菌剂后,SS316电极表面溶解电流随时间缓慢下降,表明这两种杀菌剂在一定程度上能够减缓SRB生物膜对SS316L表面的电化学腐蚀.1227能够维持SS316电极表面较为稳定的溶解电流和钝化区间. 相似文献
11.
Yuhan Zheng Zhiguo Su Tianjiao Dai Feifei Li Bei Huang Qinglin Mu Chuanping Feng Donghui Wen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(6):90
12.
Aoshuang Jing Tao Liu Xie Quan Shuo Chen Yaobin Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(5):69
13.
微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及相关废水絮凝效果试验 总被引:52,自引:1,他引:52
用常规的细菌分高纯化方法从废水、土壤、活性污泥中分离出42株细菌,将单株菌培养于特殊的产絮凝剂液体培养基中,培养物离心后上液对高岭土县液絮凝效果作为指标衡量其絮凝活性及产絮凝剂能力,由此初步获得6株微生物絮凝剂产生菌:Ⅰ-23,Ⅰ-24,Ⅱ-4,Ⅲ-2,Ⅲ-8,Ⅲ-12.其发酵离心上液对造纸黑液、皮革废水、偶氮染料废水、硫化染料废水、电镀废水、彩印制板废水、石油化工废水、造币废水及蓝墨水、碳素墨水等进行的絮凝试验表明,废水固液分离效果良好,CODCr去除率55%~98%,悬浮物、色度、浊度去除率90%以上. 相似文献
14.
Liu P.Wang Y.Su K. 《应用与环境生物学报》2018,(3):557-562
In order to solve the problem of poor treatment of phosphorus in membrane bioreactor (MBR) with long sludge retention time (SRT), a ferric salt was added to enhance phosphorus removal; FeCl36H2O (Fe/P = 2.0) was added to the reactor. The removal efficiency of nitrogen, organic matters, and phosphorus in the MBR was investigated systematically. Moreover, this study focused on the membrane performance, the change of active sludge flora, and the effect of adding a ferric salt on membrane fouling before and after the addition. It was seen that adding the ferric salt could not affect the removal of COD and NH4 +-N and the removal rate of COD and NH4 +-N reached over 90%. However, the average removal rate of phosphorus was 52%, while the removal rate increased by nearly 40% after adding the ferric salt. The effects of adding ferric salts on the dominant bacteria and biological phosphorus removal of activated sludge were further studied. The results showed that the addition of ferric salt (Fe/P = 2.0) decreased the diversity of active sludge flora and relative abundance of some phosphorusaccumulating organisms and had a negative effect on biological phosphorus removal. The analysis of transmembrane pressure difference (TMP) recording revealed that the concentration of iron salts did not exacerbate membrane fouling. The results showed that the concentration of iron salts entering the membrane bioreactor would reduce the relative abundance and phosphorus removal efficiency of the activated sludge in the system to a certain extent, but it had no obvious effect on membrane fouling. It allowed the effluent to attain acceptable standards, especially with respect to phosphorus removal efficiency. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
15.
全氟和多氟烷基化合物(per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFASs)作为一种环境新污染物被广泛关注。PFASs的生物毒性及生态健康风险成为生态毒理领域研究的一个热点。PFASs不仅对环境中的微生物个体产生毒性效应,长期暴露可以对环境微生物群落的组成、结构和酶活性产生影响,从而干扰生态系统中正常的物质循环和能量流动。本文阐述了PFASs对不同环境介质(淡水环境、海洋环境、污泥和土壤)中微生物群落结构和多样性的影响,总结了PFASs存在条件下酶活性和功能的响应,在此基础上对PFASs生态风险评价的研究方向进行展望,以期为客观评价PFASs的环境生态风险提供理论依据和支撑。 相似文献
16.
Hongxun HOU Shuying WANG Yongzhen PENG Zhiguo YUAN Fangfang YIN Wang GAN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2009,3(1):106-111
The anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch (A2/O OD) process is popularly used to eliminate nutrients from domestic wastewater. In order to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB), evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal, and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in the A2/O OD process, a pilot-scale A2/O OD plant (375 L) was conducted. At the same time batch tests using sequence batch reactors (12 L and 4 L) were operated to reveal the significance of anoxic phosphorus removal. The results indicated that: The average removal efficiency of COD, N H 4 + , P O 4 3 - , and TN were 88.2%, 92.6%, 87.8%, and 73.1%, respectively, when the steady state of the pilot-scale A2/O OD plant was reached during 31-73 d, demonstrating a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance. Phosphorus uptake took place in the anoxic zone by poly-phosphorus accumulating organisms N O 2 - could be used as electron receptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal, and the phosphorus uptake rate with N O 2 - as the electron receptor was higher than that with N O 3 - when the initial concentration of either N O 2 - or N O 3 - was 40 mg/L. 相似文献
17.
海洋巨藻(Durvilaea potatorum)生物吸附剂对Hg~(2 )的吸附动力学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对经特殊的稳定化预处理所得的海洋巨藻 (Durvillaeapotatorum)生物吸附剂对Hg2 的吸附动力学进行了研究 ,报导了不同Hg2 初始浓度、温度以及生物吸附剂平均粒径下动态吸附量与时间的关系 .结果显示 ,各吸附动力学曲线呈优惠型 ;当生物吸附剂平均粒径为 0 .45mm时 ,Hg2 的半饱和时间tS均不超过 6 0min ;Hg2 初始浓度和生物吸附剂粒径越小 ,吸附温度越大 ,达到吸附平衡所需的时间越短 .在测试范围内 ,生物吸附剂的平衡吸附容量与粒径和温度无关 .同时考察了吸附过程中的传质效应并对液膜传质系数kL进行了关联 ,结果表明 :当吸附时间t≤tS时 ,Hg2 的吸附速率为液膜传质控制 ;在测试范围内 ,kL为 0 .0 40 7~ 0 .112cm/s.本研究结果为利用海洋巨藻 (Durvillaeapotatorum)生物吸附剂处理含汞废水的规模化应用提供了一定的依据 .图 5表 2参 11 相似文献
18.
污水处理厂后置反硝化工艺中外加碳源的投加量会影响出水溶解性有机质(DOM)的特性,从而影响后置反硝化的处理效率和出水水质. 本研究以实际污水中DOM为研究对象,利用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT ICR-MS)开展了不同碳氮比(C/N=3、4、5、6)下后置反硝化工艺中DOM的分子特征及其转化机理研究. 结果表明,在4种C/N下,C/N=5的反应器出水芳香性DOM分子(AImod >0.5)和不饱和程度高的分子(DBE ≥ 4)占比最高,分别为24.72%和97.6%,说明C/N=5时,出水难生物降解程度较高. 通过分子转化分析可知,C/N=5的反应器产生的DOM分子占比(58.35%)最高且不饱和程度较高,去除的分子占比(2.80%)低且不饱和程度较低,再次证实C/N=5的反应器出水相较于C/N=3、4、6的反应器出水DOM分子惰性高,排放至受纳水体环境风险较低. 此外,微生物群落结构及其与DOM的关联分析可知,Proteobacteria在C/N=5的反应器中相对丰度最高,其主导后置反硝化工艺中DOM分子的产生,Planctomycetota、Nitrospirota、Chloroflexi和Gemmatimonadota对DOM分子的去除和产生也具有重要作用. 综上所述,推荐C/N比为5作为后置反硝化工艺中外加碳源的适宜C/N比. 相似文献
19.
大玉竹低聚糖硫酸酯抗HSV-2病毒活性的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
从传统中药大玉竹中提取低聚糖Poos,用吡啶-氯磺酸法制备了它的硫酸酯衍生物S-Poos,产物经红外鉴定,证实Poos硫酸酯化后羟基连上硫酸基,硫含量为8.47%,取代度(Ds)为0.6体外实验研究了Poos、S-Poos对非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)的细胞毒怀和抗单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)活性。结果表明,Poos和S-Poos都无细胞毒性。Poos本身无抗病毒活性,对HSV-2引起的细胞病变和 相似文献
20.
化石燃料作为能源供应的主要来源,燃烧导致大量CO2的释放和温室效应,CO2的捕获和再利用越来越受到人们的关注.微生物电解池(MEC)作为一种新的CO2再利用技术,可通过将电活性微生物与电化学刺激相结合,将CO2通过生物电化学作用回收为低碳燃料(如CH4),从而实现CO2固定和能量回收.尽管近年来MEC领域有较多研究,但仍然存在许多问题阻碍了该技术的规模化和产业化.本文梳理了CO2电化学产甲烷的工作原理、性能影响的关键因素、生物阴极电活性功能微生物及其胞外电子传递机制、电催化耦合技术的最新研究进展,提出了MEC辅助CO2电甲烷化技术的未来研究需求和挑战. 相似文献