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1.
    
Hydrolysis of a model nonionic surfactant, [1‐14C]methyl palmitate, was compared between porcine esterase and lipase using a new hydrolase assay. The assay incorporates acyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase to convert the hydrolytic product of methyl palmitate, palmitic acid, to its acyl CoA derivative; palmitoyl CoA is separated from unreacted substrate for quantitation by a highly efficient extraction. The assay achieves quantitative separation between product and substrate due to the high water solubility of the acyl CoA derivative, eliminating the need for time‐consuming chromatographic separations. After 60 min under optimal conditions, only 20 U/mL porcine hepatic esterase hydrolyzed 93.6+0.9% of 20μM methyl palmitate, while 100U/mL porcine pancreatic lipase was required to hydrolyze only 82.3 ±0.7% of the same substrate. While both enzymes detoxified the surfactant, esterase was more efficient, possibly indicating preferential specificity for simple monoesters; generally selective for endogenous triacylglycerols, lipase may be less specific for surfactants. However, together both enzymes may enable mammals to hydrolyze ingested nonionic surfactants from oil spill dispersants, reducing their toxicity.  相似文献   

2.
两株联合降解甲基一六○五菌的分离及其特性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从农药厂污泥中分离得到一个降解甲基一六○五的混合菌群,该菌群由两种菌 M6 和 P3 组成,初步鉴定均为假单胞菌属( pseudmonas .sp) . M6 菌具有一硫代磷酸酯键水解酶,能够催化甲基一六○五水解为对硝基酚, P3 具有对硝基酚降解能力. M6 和 P3 各自均不能彻底矿化甲基一六○五. M6 与 P3 混和可以彻底降解甲基一六○五.质粒消除实验表明, S D S、吖啶橙( O A) 、丝裂霉素及几种消除剂混和处理均不能使 M6 和 P3 丧失一六○五水解和对硝基酚降解能力,质粒检测发现在 M6 中检测到质粒条带,而 P3 中未检测到质粒条带  相似文献   

3.
一种由质粒编码的葡萄球菌素的特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从58株具不同质粒谱的抗生素抗药性金黄色葡萄球菌中经筛选得菌株85041.它所产生的抗菌活性物质能抗热75~80℃1h;对蛋白分解酶敏感,包括胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶E、蛋白酶B.P,抗DNase及RNase;抗菌谱显示,在4株葡萄球菌类中只对金黄色葡萄球菌209P有抗菌活性,而对4株肠道菌及枯草芽胞杆菌无作用.据此认为,该抗菌物质属细菌素(葡萄球菌素).用SDS及43℃处理产细菌素菌株,进行质粒消除试验及其质粒DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳,证明菌株85041有一个Mr≈24.4×106的产细菌素质检.  相似文献   

4.
以湖北洪湖公离的快生型大豆根瘤菌为材料,考察了它们的内源质粒在培养过程及共生过程中的稳定性.结果表明,所有供试菌株的质粒在培养条件下比较稳定,传代50次后没有明显变异.对其中2个菌株与4种不同的大豆宿主共生过程中质粒的稳定性研究,发现HA12-1-12的共生质粒和隐性质粒高度构定,HA7-2-2的质粒却发生了不同程度的变异.质粒检测的结果及RFLP分析表明,HA7-2-2共生质粒的稳定性高于隐性质粒,而且共生质粒上携带的nodDABC和nifHDK基因相当保守,不易受宿主的影响而产生变异.盆栽试验的结果也说明,虽然HA7-2-2的内源质粒在共生过程中发生了遗传重排,但它的共生性状没有明显的变异.  相似文献   

5.
苯甲酸类化合物的微生物降解研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
用富集培养法从工业污水中分离到5个能以苯甲酸为唯一碳源和能源而生长的细苗菌株:不动杆菌(Acinetobactersp.)BJ1,无色杆菌(Achromobactersp.)BY1,假单胞苗(Pseudomonasspp.)SJ1、SY1和SH1、测定了这5个菌株的底物特异性和抗菌素抗性其中BJ1菌株含有1个大质粒和2个小质位在最适培养条件下BJ1菌株对苯甲酸的降解率达98%以上.  相似文献   

6.
rol基因的表达能诱导被感染植物产生发根,再培养后所形成的植株具有一系列的如矮化,生根力强等表现型,国内外学者对rol基因这一特性作了深入的研究.对rol基因产生的矮化性状及表达进行了综述,并探讨了rol基因矮化性状研究面临的问题和可能的解决途径.  相似文献   

7.
Indigenous bacteria that are resistant to high concentrations of Cr(VI) were isolated from a Cr-contaminated sediment. Sand column experiments were conducted using the isolated bacteria to investigate microbial effects on Cr(VI) reduction in open systems that simulated subsurface conditions. The indigenous Cr-resistant bacteria appeared to reduce Cr(VI) in the column experiments. When 12 mg/L of Cr(VI) was injected into the columns, the removal efficiencies of Cr(VI) by the isolated bacteria were 39.1%, 62.5%, and 63.6% at 24, 48, and 72 h retention times of Cr(VI) solution, respectively. These results imply that the linear velocity of groundwater or pore water should be less than 0.63 cm/h for effective removal of Cr(VI) in subsurface conditions. In comparison, the noninoculated control column did not show a significant variation in dissolved Cr(VI) concentration. The results indicated that reduction of Cr(VI) was occurring in the column due to the activity of the indigenous bacteria.  相似文献   

8.
    
A possible contamination of water resources by the application of pesticides is a problem confronting many irrigated areas in arid and semi-arid areas. The best management practices have to be adopted to minimize pesticide transport and leaching under irrigated conditions. Atrazine dissipation in loam and sandy loam soils has been tested in the laboratory using disturbed soil columns under saturated flooding conditions. All the experiments were performed in replicates. The chloride transport was also studied to test its behavior as an inert tracer in both the soils. Atrazine and chloride breakthrough curves were analyzed with the parameter optimization program CXTFIT to determine transport parameters including pore-water velocity (v), retardation coefficient (R), hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (D), and pulse duration (t o ). The pore-water velocity and pulse duration of the solute were estimated from the experimental conditions and kept constant during the optimization procedure. The results indicated that the R of chloride was not significantly different from 1, indicating that chloride is an inert tracer for the types of soil tested in this study. The average R of atrazine was 4.56 and 3.15 for sandy loam and loam soils, respectively. Results also showed that the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient was much higher in the case of sandy loam soil compared to the loam soil for the two solutes, thus indicating non-equilibrium transport conditions. In the case of chloride, D increased from 0.4 for the loam soil to 16.2?cm2/min for the sandy loam soil. Similar results were observed in the case of atrazine in which D for the sandy loam soil was 60% higher than that for the loam soil. More atrazine leaching is expected under field conditions due to the presence of soil cracks and macropores.  相似文献   

9.
Surfactants may alter the interaction between engineered nanoparticles (ENP) and coexisting pollutants, and further influence the ecotoxicity of these pollutants. This research aimed to evaluate the impacts of the surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDS) on the ecotoxicological effects of TiO2-NP and Cd combined contamination in freshwater sediments by deposit-feeding gastropoda Bellamya aeroginosa. We investigated the effects of TiO2-NP and/or Cd contamination in the presence of different concentrations of SDS on DNA damage, Na+, K+-ATPase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels in the hepatopancreas of B. aeroginosa following 21-d chronic sediment bioassay. The results showed that low concentration (5 μg g-1) of Cd had no toxicity to B. aeroginosa, while relatively high concentration (25 μg g-1) displayed obvious toxicity, and that SDS could significantly enhance the toxicity of Cd to B. aeroginosa. TiO2-NP with nontoxic concentration could enhance the toxicity of Cd with low concentration to B. aeroginosa, but had no effects on the toxicity of Cd with high concentration. SDS could significantly enhance the toxicity of TiO2-NP and Cd combined contamination to B. aeroginosa in a SDS-concentration-dependent manner. When assessing the potential environmental risk of ENP, we should not only focus on the toxicity of ENP itself, or the interaction between ENP and coexisting contaminants, but also should consider the potential impacts of surfactants and other environmental factors.  相似文献   

10.
质粒DNA小量提取法的改进   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
介绍了一种改进的小量提取质粒DNA的方法,该方法用NH4Ac和LiCl代替常规方法中苯酚和氯仿的抽提,有效去除了样品中RNA和蛋白质;用95%乙醇代替无水乙醇沉淀质粒DNA,降低了终产物中盐和多糖等杂质的含量,获得的质粒DNA质量好,产率高,能满足常规分子生物学实验的要求,如PCR、酶切、转化大肠杆菌以及植物遗传转化.图4表1参7  相似文献   

11.
多环芳烃降解菌ZL5分离鉴定及其降解质粒   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
通过选择性富集培养,从辽河油田石油污染土壤中分离到一株多环芳烃(PAHs)降解菌ZL5.它能以菲和芘为唯一碳源生长,但是不能利用萘.16S rDNA核苷酸序列分析结果表明,ZL5属于变形细菌α亚类中的鞘氨醇单胞菌属.该菌株含有一个大小约为60kb的质粒.丝裂霉素C消除实验表明,随着质粒的丢失,菌株利用菲和芘的能力也丧失.用电转化和氯化铷转化法分别将菌株ZL5的质粒导人大肠杆菌JM109和DH5α中,随着质粒的获得,这些转化子获得了降解菲和芘的能力.本研究结果表明,鞘氨醇单胞菌ZL5降解PAHs的功能和质粒有关。  相似文献   

12.
研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、鼠李糖脂(rhamnolipids)和皂角苷(saponins)等不同离子类型的表面活性剂对矿渣中重金属Pb和Zn的解吸效果,并采用盆栽实验研究了上述3种表面活性剂对Pb和Zn超富集植物小花南芥(Arabis alpina L.var.parviflora Franch)的生物量、吸收和富集重金属的影响。结果表明:3种表面活性剂对Pb的解吸效率是鼠李糖脂〉皂角苷〉CTAB,对Zn的解吸效率随处理质量浓度增加而增加,解吸率介于2.84%~10.84%之间;3种表面活性剂都能促进小花南芥叶长、根长、冠幅、地上部生物量及地下部生物量增加,与对照相比增加了1.06~1.92倍,除了表面活性剂CTAB处理质量浓度为7.5g.L^-1时,小花南芥叶长、冠幅、根长及地下部和地上部生物量都下降,分别为对照的0.61~0.88倍。添加三种表面活性剂都能显著促进小花南芥地下部和地上部累积Pb和Zn,并且位移系数和富集系数都大于1。这说明3种表面活性剂对小花南芥修复重金属铅和锌污染的土壤有促进作用。  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

This paper highlights the colonized perspective, and aims to reflect on the consequences of a predominant perspective of land control and use for Amazonian indigenous people. The demarcation of indigenous territories has been presented by external public actors, the ‘Others’ to explicitly support indigenous people defend their territories. However, demarcation effectively creates a frontier and enclosure which contribute to alienate indigenous people within their new territories. Amazonian groups normally maintain that they belong to the Land, and their historical use of a determined land has been asserted by anthropological studies. But they belong to Land. In contrast, occupying a territory to generate profit allows the exploitation of everything inside it. Every form of extraction helps to reproduce the colonial logic. A key question we need to address is, therefore: Why do the ‘others’ not feel that belonging?  相似文献   

14.
一株焦化废水降酚菌的质粒初步研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
从处理焦化废水的活性污泥池中,分离得到了一株具有降酚能力的细菌, J A. J A 可以在含酚的 H P 复杂培养基中生长,也可以在以酚为唯一碳源的 A B P 培养基中生长,且具有产黑色素的特点.用碱裂解提取质粒的方法发现它含有一个质粒,定名为p X H1 ,并测定了这个质粒的大小约为2 .6 kb .用限制性内切酶 Bgl I和 Rsa I进行双酶切,作出了初步的物理图谱.p X H1 经过20 次没有酚作为选择压传代培养后仍然能100 % 保留,同时, J A菌仍具有降酚能力,表明其具有很高的遗传稳定性  相似文献   

15.
人们通常认为抗生素的选择压力是造成抗生素抗性基因快速扩散的原因,但是越来越多的研究表明环境中非抗生素类新污染物也能够造成抗生素抗性基因快速扩散。本文对非抗生素类新污染物影响质粒携带抗性基因水平转移规律和机制研究进展进行了归纳总结。目前的研究大多集中在内分泌干扰物、药品及个人护理产品以及纳米材料影响R质粒携带抗生素抗性基因水平转移,相关机制主要关注非抗生素类新污染物对活性氧、应激反应以及细胞膜通透性的影响。持久性有机污染物影响质粒携带抗性基因水平转移规律以及非抗生素类新污染物对其他质粒携带的抗生素抗性基因水平转移规律和其他类型的机制可以作为未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

16.
用成团肠杆菌(Emterobacter agglomerans)T7(pEA9::Km)为供体菌,以E.a.339(pEA9^-)为受体菌在天然土壤中进行接合实验,测定各种营养物质对重组质粒pEA9::Km同源接合转移频率的影响。实验发现,如果在土壤中加入生理盐水或无机盐培养基,就观察不到细菌数量的增加和质粒的转移;只有加入碳源物质后才检测到细菌数量的增加和质粒的接合转移,接合转移频率的大小位于1  相似文献   

17.
假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)ND6菌株的萘降解基因位于102kb的质粒pND6-1上。以pUC18质粒为载体,制备了含有1.5-3.0kbpND6-1DNA随机片段的基因文库。通过DNA测序和DNA序列的同源性分析,从基因文库中筛选出含有萘趋化基因nahY的克隆。NahY基因的大小为1617bp,编码的萘趋化蛋白由538个氨基酸组成,与假单胞菌G7菌株的nahY基因相比,核苷酸序列的同源性是96.7%,编码的氨基酸序列的同源性是95%。图4参7  相似文献   

18.
九株染料脱色菌的脱色特性及其质粒与基因分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
对9株染料脱色菌的脱色特性及其质粒的携带情况进行初步的研究,测定和比较了这9株细菌的16SrDNA序列,并对其进行分子鉴定和分类,经检测的9株细菌均属于肠杆菌科,其中脱色能力较广谱的5株细菌均未检测到质粒的存在,它们在系统分类地位上基本上聚为一类,与埃希氏菌属的大肠埃希氏菌具有较高的同源性。而另外4株脱色能力单一、仅对三苯基甲烷类染料有较强脱色能力的菌株除一株以外,其它3株均携带有大分子量的质粒,在系统分类地位上也基本聚为另一类。  相似文献   

19.
将 parDE基因克隆到载有组成型表达nifA基因的质粒 pST10 2 1上 ,得到重组质粒pLM2 .将 pLM2 ,pST10 2 1分别转到玉米联合固氮菌Enteorbactergergoviae 5 7 7(E5 7 7) ,获得转化子E5 7 7(pLM2 ) ,E5 7 7(pST10 2 1) ,二者在c(NH+ 4 ) =5 0mmolL-1的Kp培养基中表达的固氮活性一致 .将pLM2 ,pST10 2 1分别转到E .coliDH5α(pMGFP2 .1) ,培养物用 4 88nm光激发后在 5 10nm均有相同的的荧光特征发射峰 .上述实验表明 ,重组质粒pLM2仍保留了原质粒pST10 2 1中nifA的功能 .但质粒 pLM2和 pST10 2 1在E5 7 7中的稳定性试验表明 ,E5 7 7(pST10 2 1)在无抗生素的LB中继代培养 70代后 ,质粒几乎全部丢失 (仅存 1% ) ;而E5 7 7(pLM2 )继代培养 10 0代后 ,质粒全部存在 (10 0 % ) .图 4表 1参 12  相似文献   

20.
紫云英根瘤分离菌株质粒多样性的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
从广东、广西、湖南、湖北、江西、浙江、江苏7省紫云英(AstragalussinicusL.)主要分布区46个采集点的紫云英根瘤中分离到101个菌株.检测发现有16种不同质粒类型,所含质粒1~4个不等,含两个质粒的菌株占绝大部分,质粒Mr为36×106~364×106.用克隆M.huakui7653R的nodDBC4.2kb片段为探针(α32pdCTP)进行的分子杂交结果表明,所有这些菌株均含有共生质粒,通常为第一大质粒,但C、L、M、N和O型为第二大质粒,共生质粒Mr在131×106~364×106之间.比较质粒类型与16S23SrDNAIGS(pHr,p23SR01)PCRRFLP分析结果表明,IGS类型不同,即使在同一植株分离所得的根瘤其质粒类型常不同,但在同一植株上分离菌株的质粒类型相同,则其IGS常表现相同.表明质粒的类型是细菌染色体背景和细菌外环境(如共生条件等)共同作用的结果  相似文献   

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