安全文化对企业安全绩效影响的元分析

为探究安全文化对企业安全绩效的作用机制，分析安全文化在不同维度对安全绩效的影响程度，通过元分析整合56项实证研究，包括59个独立样本，剖析安全文化、安全氛围、安全动机、安全绩效之间的作用关系。研究结果表明：1)安全文化正向影响安全绩效，安全制度文化对安全绩效的影响作用最大；2)安全氛围、安全动机在安全文化与安全绩效之间起中介作用；3)在高风险型企业或发达国家中安全文化对安全绩效的影响更为显著。     

安全变革型领导、安全效能感与安全绩效的关系——基于焦化企业的实证研究

为了提高焦化企业员工的安全绩效,探讨了安全变革型领导对员工安全绩效的影响机制。基于文献分析和社会认知理论,引入安全效能感作为安全变革型领导行为与安全绩效间关系的中介变量,构建安全变革型领导、安全效能感与安全绩效的假设模型。以焦化企业一线员工为对象进行问卷调查,运用Mplus建立结构方程模型分析数据、验证假设。结果表明,安全变革型领导行为显著正向影响安全效能感、安全遵守和安全参与,且安全效能感在安全变革型领导与安全遵守、安全参与之间起到中介作用。结果验证了安全变革型领导行为的有效性,并进一步揭示了安全生产工作中安全聚焦的领导行为影响安全绩效的作用机制。     

安全管理者领导风格构念及对安全绩效影响研究

为了提高员工安全绩效,利用实证研究方法,通过分析3阶段共397份有效问卷数据,辨析高危行业安全管理者领导风格构念,并明确构念中各维度的内涵,最后利用形成的测量量表验证领导风格对安全绩效的影响。结果表明:高危行业安全管理者领导风格是包含独裁、辱虐、仁慈、交易和放任的一阶五维度构念。领导风格各维度对安全绩效均有显著影响,其中独裁、辱虐型领导风格均对安全遵守有正向作用,对安全参与有负向作用;仁慈、交易型领导风格对安全遵守和安全参与均有显著的正向作用;放任型领导风格对安全遵守有负向作用,对安全参与有正向作用。     

安全领导力对员工安全行为影响的元分析

为更系统地总结归纳安全领导力对员工安全行为的影响机制,运用元分析的方法,整合55项实证研究的62个独立样本,剖析安全领导力、安全氛围与员工安全行为之间的作用关系,探讨文化差异和企业规模的调节作用。结果表明:安全氛围在变革型安全领导力和员工安全行为各维度之间均起部分中介作用,在交易型安全领导力和安全遵守行为之间起部分中介作用,而在交易型安全领导力和安全参与行为之间起完全中介作用;相较于交易型领导力,变革型安全领导力对员工安全参与行为影响更大,而相较于变革型领导力,交易型安全领导力对员工安全遵守行为的影响更大;安全领导力在东方文化情景下或在大型企业中对员工安全行为的影响更为显著。     

领导行为、安全文化与矿工安全行为的结构方程模型

为了提高矿工的安全行为,在相关研究基础上,提出领导行为、安全文化与矿工安全行为之间的理论假设模型。依据436份来自矿工的有效问卷,利用结构方程模型方法验证假设。结果表明:领导行为、安全文化对于安全行为具有一定的预测力和影响力,领导行为不仅对安全文化有直接影响,也通过安全文化间接影响安全行为;交易型领导对安全行为的整体影响强度高于变革型领导;变革型领导和交易型领导对安全文化各维度均有显著的正向影响关系;安全文化中除安全规程和安全培训对安全参与行为预测力不足外,其余维度均对安全遵守行为和安全参与行为有显著的正向影响关系。     

基于优势的心理氛围对员工安全绩效的影响机制

为探究安全绩效的影响因素,提升员工安全绩效,设定工作沉浸和组织自尊作为中介变量,中庸思维作为调节变量,构建基于优势的心理氛围对安全绩效影响机制的概念模型,采用来自高危行业从事生产管理工作的543名员工的有效调查问卷,运用结构方程模型检验其作用机制。研究结果表明:基于优势的心理氛围对安全绩效具有显著的正向影响;工作沉浸、组织自尊均在员工基于优势的心理氛围与安全绩效之间起着部分中介作用;中庸思维正向调节工作沉浸及组织自尊在基于优势的心理氛围与安全绩效之间发挥着中介作用。     

机械制造企业安全文化对员工安全行为的影响研究

为了探讨机械制造企业安全文化对员工安全行为的影响作用,选取安全物质文化、安全制度文化、安全精神文化作为安全文化的3个维度;安全遵守行为、安全参与行为作为安全行为的2个维度,并运用结构方程模型进行实证研究检验。结果表明,安全物质文化、安全制度文化对员工安全遵守行为有正向影响作用,对安全参与行为没有影响;安全精神文化对员工的安全遵守行为和安全参与行为都有正向影响作用。     

代际下破坏性领导对矿工安全绩效影响研究

为提高煤矿企业管理者的安全领导力和矿工安全绩效水平,引入调节焦点理论,构建破坏性领导对矿工安全绩效影响的理论模型,并考虑代际对模型的调节作用。以国有煤矿企业矿工为调研对象,在316份问卷的基础上,应用结构方程模型(SEM)和层次回归分析法对理论模型进行验证。结果表明,破坏性领导正向影响安全遵守,负向影响安全参与;促进型调节焦点在破坏性领导与安全绩效的影响关系中起着部分中介作用,防御型调节焦点在破坏性领导与安全遵守的影响关系中起着部分中介作用;代际调节作用显著。破坏性领导对安全绩效有一定积极作用,实践中管理者应注意矿工年龄和调节焦点倾向采用适当管理方式。     

安全知识对安全绩效的影响机制研究

为改善企业安全绩效,基于知信行(KAP)理论,构建安全知识对安全绩效的影响理论模型,将安全态度和安全遵守纳入到模型中。用问卷方式调研高危企业员工,获取有效问卷283份,运用结构方程模型(SEM)验证该理论模型。实证结果表明:安全知识正向影响安全绩效,安全知识对安全态度和安全遵守有正向作用,安全态度在安全知识和安全遵守间起到部分中介作用,安全遵守正向影响安全绩效。安全知识通过2条路径正向影响安全绩效:一是通过安全遵守影响安全绩效;二是通过安全态度及安全遵守影响安全绩效。     

民航飞行员自我效能感与安全绩效关系研究

为提高民航飞行的安全绩效,探讨民航飞行员自我效能感对安全绩效的影响机理。基于文献分析研究将安全绩效划分为3个维度,即安全参与、安全服从和安全结果,在自我效能感与安全绩效之间引入安全动机作为中介变量,构建民航飞行员自我效能感与安全绩效关系的假设模型。对国内航空公司的飞行员进行问卷调查,采用结构方程模型检验了理论假设模型。结果表明,自我效能感对安全参与和安全服从有直接的影响作用,而对安全结果的影响是完全通过安全动机实现的。在所有的影响关系中,安全动机对安全服从的影响程度是最大的,自我效能感对安全参与的影响程度最小。     

基于结构方程模型的地铁乘客安全行为影响因素分析

为了研究地铁乘客安全行为的影响因素,通过对北京、上海、广州、深圳等城市的地铁乘客的多项安全指标的抽样调查,建立了关于乘客安全行为的结构方程模型,研究了影响地铁乘客安全行为的主要因素。结果表明:良好的地铁安全氛围能有效提高乘客的安全知识水平、安全动机、安全心理水平、安全参与行为水平;安全参与行为水平同时受到乘客安全知识水平和乘客接受安全培训状况的影响,其中,乘客安全知识水平的高低取决于乘客接受安全培训状况;安全服从行为则与安全动机存在较强的正相关关系;乘客的安全心理水平只跟地铁安全氛围有关,安全氛围越好,乘客安全心理水平越高,安全知识作为中介变量同时影响着安全氛围与安全参与行为、安全培训与安全参与行为、安全氛围与安全动机以及安全培训与安全动机之间的关系,提高乘客安全知识水平是提高乘客安全行为水平的重要途径。     

Is there agreement between worker self and supervisor assessment of worker safety performance? An examination in the construction industry

Introduction: Individual safety performance (behavior) critically influences safety outcomes in high-risk workplaces. Compared to the study of generic work performance on different measurements, few studies have investigated different measurements of safety performance, typically relying on employees' self-reflection of their safety behavior. This research aims to address this limitation by including worker self-reflection and other (i.e., supervisor) assessment of two worker safety performance dimensions, safety compliance and safety participation. Method: A sample of 105 workers and 17 supervisors in 17 groups in the Chinese construction industry participated in this study. Comparisons were made between worker compliance and participation in each measurement, and between workers' and supervisors' assessment of workers' compliance and participation. Multilevel modeling was adopted to test the moderating effects on the worker self-reflection and supervisor-assessment relationship by group safety climate and the work experience of supervisors. Results: Higher levels of safety compliance than participation were found for self-reflection and supervisor assessment. The discrepancy between the two measurements in each safety performance dimension was significant. The work experience of supervisors attenuated the discrepancy between self- and supervisor-assessment of compliance. Contrary to our expectations, the moderating effect of group safety climate was not supported. Conclusions: The discrepancy between worker self- and supervisor-assessment of worker safety performance, thus, suggests the importance of including alternative measurements of safety performance in addition to self-reflection. Lower levels of participation behavior in both raters suggest more research on the motivators of participatory behavior. Practical applications The discrepancy between different raters can lead to negative reactions of ratees, suggesting that managers should be aware of that difference. Assigning experienced supervisors as raters can be effective at mitigating interrater discrepancy and conflicts in the assessment of compliance behavior.     

Exploring patterns of multiple climates and their effects on safety performance at the department level

Introduction: This paper represents a first attempt to fill a gap in research about different specific climates and safety outcomes, by empirically identifying patterns of climates and exploring the possible effect of different climates at the department level on some specific safety outcomes. The first objective was to explore how different specific climates (safety, communication, diversity and inclusion) can be associated to each other, considering the department level of analysis. The second objective was to examine the relationships between those patterns of climates with safety performance (compliance and participation behaviors). Method: A total of 429 blue-collar workers in 35 departments answered a questionnaire covering safety, diversity, inclusion, and communication climate measures. Cluster analysis was performed to identify clusters of departments with different climate patterns and their impact on safety compliance and safety participation behaviors. Subsequently, a hierarchical multiple linear regression was conducted at the individual-level to test the effect of climate patterns, by controlling for some sociodemographic variables. Results: Results showed the existence of four differentiated clusters of departments. Three of those clusters showed homogenous patterns (coherent association among perceptions of low, medium and high climates) and one heterogeneous (low and medium perceptions). The findings also revealed that the higher the climates perceptions, the higher the levels of safety participation and safety compliance, with safety participation being more affected than compliance. Conclusions: The present research showed the associated effects of some organizational climate factors, such as fair treatment, inclusion, safety and communication within the organization, which had not been previously studied in their combined relationships, on safety behaviors. Practical applications: Several other organizational climate factors, such as fair treatment, inclusiveness and communication, may play an important role in safety, showing the importance of broadening the focus on safety climate as one of the main predictors of safety behaviors.     

煤炭企业差序格局下员工安全行为路径研究*

为促进煤炭企业员工安全行为,减少生产安全事故,基于差序格局理论、资源保存理论和自我决定理论,构建差序式领导、组织认同、安全动机和员工安全行为的链式中介模型。通过路径检验和Bootstrap方法,对367名煤炭企业基层员工的有效问卷数据进行统计分析,探讨激发员工安全行为的有效路径。研究结果表明:煤炭企业中的差序式领导可正向影响员工安全遵从行为和安全参与行为,且对安全参与行为的促进作用更强;组织认同和安全动机在差序式领导与员工安全遵从行为、安全参与行为的关系中存在独立中介和链式中介作用,且相较于组织认同,安全动机的独立中介作用更强。研究结果可为建立合理的差序标准、采取适度偏私手段提供参考。     

矿工工作压力对心理社会安全行为的影响机理及实证研究

为研究工作压力对矿工心理社会安全行为的影响机理,探讨安全心理资本的中介作用以及心理社会安全氛围的调节作用,从积极心理学视角出发,对203名一线矿工进行实证分析。研究结果表明:矿工的安全心理资本在其工作压力与心理社会安全行为的负向关系中起中介作用;心理社会安全氛围能调节工作压力与安全心理资本之间的关系;心理社会安全氛围能够调节安全心理资本在工作压力与心理社会安全行为关系间的中介作用。     

领导风格与员工安全行为关系的元分析*

为更好地比较不同领导风格对员工安全行为的影响,采用元分析方法,基于34篇独立实证研究的15 032个样本,对常见的领导风格与员工安全行为关系进行定量分析。结果表明:对于安全遵守,相关系数从低到高分别为伦理型领导、变革型领导、领导-成员交换以及交易型领导;对于安全参与,相关系数从低到高分别为伦理型领导、变革型领导、交易型领导、领导-成员交换;年龄、经济发展水平、行业以及研究设计调节了领导风格与员工安全行为之间的关系。     

Exposure to fall hazards and safety climate in the aircraft maintenance industry

PROBLEM: Falls represent a significant occupational hazard, particularly in industries with dynamic work environments. This paper describes rates of noncompliance with fall hazard prevention requirements, perceived safety climate and worker knowledge and beliefs, and the association between fall exposure and safety climate measures in commercial aircraft maintenance activities. METHODS: Walkthrough observations were conducted on aircraft mechanics at two participating facilities (Sites A and B) to ascertain the degree of noncompliance. Mechanics at each site completed questionnaires concerning fall hazard knowledge, personal safety beliefs, and safety climate. Questionnaire results were summarized into safety climate and belief scores by workgroup and site. Noncompliance rates observed during walkthroughs were compared to the climate-belief scores, and were expected to be inversely associated. RESULTS: Important differences were seen in fall safety performance between the sites. The study provided a characterization of aircraft maintenance fall hazards, and also demonstrated the effectiveness of an objective hazard assessment methodology. Noncompliance varied by height, equipment used, location of work on the aircraft, shift, and by safety system. DISCUSSION: Although the expected relationship between safety climate and noncompliance was seen for site-average climate scores, workgroups with higher safety climate scores had greater observed noncompliance within Site A. Overall, use of engineered safety systems had a significant impact on working safely, while safety beliefs and climate also contributed, though inconsistently. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The results of this study indicate that safety systems are very important in reducing noncompliance with fall protection requirements in aircraft maintenance facilities. Site-level fall safety compliance was found to be related to safety climate, although an unexpected relationship between compliance and safety climate was seen at the workgroup level within site. Finally, observed fall safety compliance was found to differ from self-reported compliance.     

露天矿区突发地质灾害公众应急安全疏散行为研究——以抚顺西露天矿区为例

为探究露天矿区突发地质灾害公众应急安全疏散行为影响因素,基于社会认知理论视角,引入中介变量个人规范,将应急安全疏散行为划分为应急安全疏散遵守行为和参与行为,构建露天矿区突发地质灾害公众应急安全疏散行为影响因素理论模型,并以抚顺西露天矿区周边居民为调查对象,依据272份有效样本进行结构方程实证检验.结果表明:露天矿区突发...     

飞行员记忆与安全绩效的关系研究

为了探究飞行员记忆与安全绩效的关系,提高优秀飞行员选拔的有效性和飞行排班的科学性,对飞行员记忆进行测试,结合其近6年的飞行品质(QAR)数据,系统分析了记忆与安全绩效的关系及各因素对飞行员记忆的影响情况。结果表明:飞行员形象记忆、情景记忆、运动记忆、语义记忆与安全绩效呈正相关关系,情绪记忆与安全绩效呈“n”型关系;情景记忆主要受不良情绪波动的影响,语义记忆主要受对大脑缺乏开发应用情况以及压力的影响,情绪记忆主要受不良嗜好和年龄的影响,形象记忆主要受睡眠和疾病的影响,运动记忆主要受用脑过度和年龄因素影响。     

The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior

Relatively little previous research has investigated the meechanisms by which safety climate affects safety behavior. The current study examined the effects of general organizational climate on safety climate and safety performance. As expected, general organizational climate exerted a significant impact on safety climate, and safety climate in turn was related to self-reports of compliance with safety regulations and procedures as well as participation in safety-related activities within the workplace. The effect of general organizational climate on safety performance was mediated by safety climate, while the effect of safety climate on safety performance was partially mediated by safety knowledge and motivation.