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单质铁是地球上分布较广的金属,价格低廉容易获得。概述了单质铁在厌氧生化处理系统中的强化作用和特性,包括铁的氢腐蚀作用、还原作用和催化内电解作用。概述了单质铁以催化内电解的作用在难降解的工业废水处理方面的应用,以及包括铁屑和铁刨花的单质铁对城市污泥和餐厨垃圾的厌氧发酵产甲烷方面的应用。分析和展望了单质铁应用的发展趋势。 相似文献
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耦合光催化与生物处理4-氯酚废水 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
采用三相内循环式流化床光反应器和固定床生物反应器耦合处理4-氯酚(4-CP)废水。光反应器中采用粗孔硅胶负载的具有高活性和长寿命的TiO2为催化剂,处理效率高。废水的BOD5/COD及固定床生物反应器处理效果表明,4-CP为难生物降解物,光催化预处理能显著增强废水的可生化性。在单级耦合处理中,光催化预处理4h后进行生物处理,能达到最佳效率,但要完全矿化COD则需要延长预处理时间。光催化预处理为生物处理提供可降解性COD,后者却没有机会作用于前者。在多级耦合处理中,两者之间存在协同作用,使多级耦合处理效率大大提高。 相似文献
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微电解-催化氧化-生化法处理酚醛树脂生产废水 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍某一酚醛树脂厂采用微电解-催化氧化-生化技术处理高浓度有机废水,给出了工艺流程、主要设备及构筑物设计参数.该工程治理费用低、出水达标、有显著的环境效益. 相似文献
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一、前言由于回收生产中排放的尾气与节约能源及防止对大气污染密切相关,因此也促进了催化燃烧技术的迅速发展。特别是70年代以来,催化燃烧技术在欧洲、美国、日本和苏联等国均有发展,各种催化剂以及不同类型的催化燃烧装置相继出现。该技术广泛运用于有机尾气的处理。 相似文献
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改性粉煤灰吸附-高级氧化法处理奥里油废水 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
将氯化铁改性粉煤灰(简称改性粉煤灰)吸附处理与高级氧化和生物处理等技术进行优化组合,以期得到简便而有效的处理奥里油废水(简称废水)的组合工艺。研究结果表明:在废水COD平均为4600mg/L、改性粉煤灰加入量为50g/L、废水pH为7~9、吸附时间为1h的条件下,COD去除率达30%。采用“改性粉煤灰一次吸附-湿式均相催化氧化-厌氧生物过程-改性粉煤灰二次吸附”组合工艺处理废水时,改性粉煤灰不但具有较好的预处理效果,且还有较好的后处理能力;湿式均相催化氧化的催化剂用量少(Cu(NO3)2为2.0g/L)、操作条件温和(2.5MPa,180℃,pH5—7,1h);厌氧生物过程中不需特殊筛选的菌种,易操作控制;经该组合工艺处理后,废水COD从4600mg/L降至55mg/L,COD去除率为98.4%,达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》的一级排放标准。 相似文献
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Surfactants and cosolvents are useful for enhancing the apparent solubility of dense nonaqueous‐phase liquid (DNAPL) compounds during surfactant‐enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR). In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with permanganate, persulfate, and catalyzed hydrogen peroxide has proven to be a cost‐effective and viable remediation technology for the treatment of a wide range of organic contaminants. Coupling compatible remedial technologies either concurrently or sequentially in a treatment train is an emerging concept for more effective cleanup of DNAPL‐contaminated sites. Surfactants are effective for DNAPL mass removal but not useful for dissolved plume treatment. ISCO is effective for plume control and treatment but can be less effective in areas where large masses of DNAPL are present. Therefore, coupling SEAR with ISCO is a logical next step for source‐zone treatment. This article provides a critical review of peer‐reviewed scientific literature, nonreviewed professional journals, and conference proceedings where surfactants/cosolvents and oxidants have been utilized, either concurrently or sequentially, for DNAPL mass removal. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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曝气催化铁内电解法预处理混合化工废水 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用曝气催化铁内电解法对上海某工业污水场的进水进行预处理,降低了后续生化处理中难降解有机物的负荷,并较大程度地去除了正磷酸盐。废水中的有机物及正磷酸盐在两周的稳定运行中平均去除率分别达到52%和70%。废水经预处理后,pH平均上升0.5。 相似文献
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A pilot‐scale study was performed using a palladium‐catalyzed and polymer‐coated nanoscale zero‐valent iron (ZVI) particle suspension at the Naval Air Station in Jacksonville, Florida. A total of 300 pounds of nanoscale ZVI particle suspension was injected via a gravity feed and recirculated through a source area containing chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The recirculation created favorable mixing and distribution of the iron suspension and enhanced the mass transfer of sorbed and nonaqueous constituents into the aqueous phase, where the contaminants could be reduced. Between 65 and 99 percent aqueous‐phase VOC concentration reduction occurred, due to abiotic degradation, within five weeks of the injection. The rapid abiotic degradation processes then yielded to slower biological degradation as subsequent decreases in ‐elimination parameters were observed—yet favorable redox conditions were maintained as a result of the ZVI treatment. Post‐treatment analyses revealed cumulative reduction of soil contaminant concentrations between 8 and 92 percent. Aqueous‐phase VOC concentrations in wells side gradient and downgradient of the source were reduced up to 99 percent and were near or below applicable regulatory criteria. These reductions, coupled with the generation of innocuous by‐products, indicate that nanoscale ZVI effectively degraded contamination and reduced the mass flux from the source, a critical metric identified for source treatment. A summary of this project was recently presented at the US EPA Workshop on Nanotechnology for Site Remediation in Washington, D.C., on October 21–22, 2005. This case study supplied evidence that nanoscale zero valent iron, an emerging remediation technology, has been implemented successfully in the field. More information about this workshop and this presentation can be found at www.frtr.gov/nano/index.htm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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电镀污泥处理技术的研究进展 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
电镀污泥中含有大量的铬、镉、镍、锌等重金属,是一种典型的危险废物。综述了近年来国内外对电镀污泥处理技术的研究进展,包括固化/稳定化技术、热化学处理技术、有价金属回收技术和材料化技术等。对主要处理技术的应用前景进行了分析,认为热化学处理技术将成为未来电镀污泥处理领域内的一个重要研究方向。 相似文献