餐厨废弃油脂全程管理实现途径研究

餐饮服务、食品生产及食品加工等环节产生的餐厨废弃油脂,其管理工作事关民生大计,紧系食品安全、生态环境和公众身体健康.为确保餐厨废弃油脂从源头到收运和处置流向的全程控制管理,结合上海实际,对餐厨废弃油脂全程管理的实现途径进行了研究和探讨.     

北京餐厨废弃油将全部规范收运

近日,北京市出台加快推进再生资源回收体系建设的新举措。其中提出,到2015年,餐饮服务单位餐厨废弃油脂回收处理实现规范化运行,规范收运率达到100％。在产生源头处,北京市要求餐饮服务单位按照相关标准配建或配置油水分离器、专用收集容器等设施设备,提高餐厨废气油脂回收专业化水平。在收运环节,对餐厨废弃油脂收集运输处理,北京市将实行属地特许经营服务制度,划定特许经营服务区域,明确收集运输和处理企业的经营服务范围、期限、服务标准等内容,向社会公布。在处置环节,北京市将引导餐厨废弃油脂收运处理企业与生物柴油等化工企业建立相对稳定的产业链接,实现废弃油脂的定点处置。     

餐厨废弃物管理探讨

污染环境和威胁人们健康的地沟油问题亟待解决,餐厨废弃物的管理被广泛关注。介绍了餐厨废弃物不当处理的危害,对典型城市经验进行了分析总结,并就餐厨废弃物的管理提出了若干建议。     

县级餐厨垃圾协同处置的工程应用

随着国家垃圾分类政策及制度逐渐完善,生活垃圾焚烧厂原物料中餐厨垃圾部分亟需配套处理设施。某县级市建设的垃圾综合处理发电项目,集生活垃圾焚烧、污泥干化、餐厨垃圾和粪便处理为一体,工艺系统联通,实现多种垃圾的协同处置。其中餐厨垃圾以“固液分离+油水分离”为核心的工艺路线,经处理后实现固、液、油分离,固相废弃物输送至焚烧系统进行协同焚烧处理;液相废弃物油脂分离后,初级油脂作为生物柴油原料外销;废水输送至渗沥液处理系统协同处理。相较于独立设厂,建设造价及运营成本明显降低,实现经济效益与环境保护共赢。     

餐厨废弃物的环境昆虫处理途径及资源化利用探讨

餐厨废弃物的不当处理,不但直接影响城市容貌、污染地下水、食品安全及人们身体健康,同时造成巨大的资源浪费.餐厨废弃物的处理已经成为政府及社会广为关注的重大问题.介绍了餐厨废弃物处置管理的意义,分析了目前几种生物处理技术的现状,提出了利用环境昆虫进行餐厨废弃物资源化利用的有关建议.     

发达国家餐厨垃圾回收利用经验及借鉴

介绍了发达国家回收处理和再利用餐厨垃圾的管理和技术,提出我国应借鉴发达国家经验,从技术、政策、法规等方面加强餐厨垃圾的再利用工作。     

城市餐厨垃圾资源化技术应用现状与展望

介绍了餐厨垃圾的主要特点,列举了国内外城市餐厨垃圾的处理现状和主要资源化利用技术,分析主要技术的优势和劣势,对主要技术综合环境效益、经济效益和能耗等方面进行比较,得出厌氧消化等综合处理工艺较适合用于处理城市餐厨垃圾的结论,最后就餐厨垃圾处理设施规划中3个关键问题,即技术设计、产品销路和物流供应作了相应讨论。     

餐厨垃圾脱液预处理技术及装备设计

餐厨垃圾脱液预处理对餐厨垃圾的有效处置具有重要作用。利用螺旋挤压固-液分离技术对餐厨垃圾进行脱液处理研究,分析螺旋挤压过程中的影响因素对脱液过程的影响。对研究结果进行总结,设计一台用于处理餐厨垃圾的综合处理装备,并在样机设备上对实际餐厨垃圾进行螺旋挤压脱液处理,对比分析不同螺旋转速和物料状态对脱水过程的影响。实验研究结果和实际使用状况用于评价设备的使用效果。     

循环经济模式下重庆市餐厨垃圾回收体系构建研究

随着人民生活水平的提高,生活节奏的加快,城市餐厨垃圾产生量也日益巨增,作为城市生活垃圾的重要组成部分,其餐厨垃圾的回收处置已经成为当前国内城市生活垃圾管理的重要课题。首先从餐厨垃圾的产生现状、收集现状、运输现状三方面分析重庆市餐厨垃圾处理存在的问题,其次,结合循环经济的理念及国内外餐厨垃圾的处理经验,构建政府建设—企业经营—产权转让的新型BOT餐厨垃圾回收模式,最后,对这种模式可能导致的经济行为进行情景假设分析,得出重庆市政府在BOT餐厨垃圾回收模式情景下,将更有利于美丽城市建设的结论。     

国务院办公厅关于进一步加强“地沟油”治理工作的意见

正国办发[2017]30号各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构:"地沟油"一般是指用餐厨废弃物、肉类加工废弃物和检验检疫不合格畜禽产品等非食品原料生产、加工的油脂。近年来,各地区、各有关部门按照《国务院办公厅关于加强地沟油整治和餐厨废弃物管理的意见》(国办发[2010]36号)要求,不断加大打     

厨余垃圾-蔬菜废物协同生产液肥项目技术经济分析

厨余垃圾-蔬菜废物协同生产液肥项目,需要建立科学、高效的运行管理机制和投入产出机制,以提高其经济效益。系统研究银川市某液肥项目的设备投资和运行费用等情况,目前该项目处理规模约为10.6 t/d,运行负荷率为35.3%,导致处理成本高达337.9元/t。因此,提高运行负荷率,是降低处理成本的关键。     

发挥供销系统网络优势 延伸餐厨废弃物资源利用的思考

对处于国家中心城市地位的广州来说,随着城市人口、经济社会不断发展,尤其随着餐饮行业的蓬勃发展,日产餐厨废弃物近1万t,如不妥善合理处理,将对城市环境和城市管理造成极大压力。无论是焚烧、填埋、还是生化处理模式,餐厨废弃物资源化处理后产品的出路都没有得到有效解决。广州供销社系统在产业链后端延伸方面具有我国任何社会组织无法比拟的优势,是解决餐厨废弃物资源化产品深加工出路的重要力量。除了发挥供销社网络优势外,仍需要政府在政策、土地、资金等方面的大力支持,共同推进,才能实现餐厨废弃物"由餐桌中来,加工调制后再到农田中去,生产出来的有机食品再回到餐桌"的真正循环。     

天津市餐厨垃圾回收现状与对策

餐厨垃圾是一种具有较高再生利用价值的资源,但是处置不当会给社会造成危害。天津市餐厨垃圾的回收包括规范化的再生资源回收企业回收、以养猪和炼制餐厨再生食用油为目的的非法回收商贩回收、城市普通生活垃圾收集处理系统回收等三种形式。以源头单独集中、清洁化单独收运、无害化处理和资源化利用为指导原则,开展城市餐厨垃圾的规范化回收符合发展循环经济的根本要求。从加强宣传教育、加大食用油监管力度、健全行政监管体系、完善餐厨垃圾规范化收集网络等角度,提出推动天津市餐厨垃圾回收规范化发展的对策。     

家用厨余垃圾处理机关键零部件结构设计及有限元分析

在现有厨余垃圾粉碎直排工艺上进行改进,变为将日常餐厨垃圾粉碎、脱水、收集的处理流程,达到避免环境污染和资源二次利用的目的.基于厨余垃圾各个组分的特性分析,以模塑螺旋挤出压缩和压榨固液分离的原理为指导,对变螺距变轴径特制螺杆的结构进行设计.基于有限元方法对变径变距螺杆进行了刚度、强度、循环寿命以及模态振动分析,仿真结果表...     

Bioconversion of lawn waste amended with kitchen waste and buffalo dung in to value-added vermicompost using Eisenia foetida to alleviate landfill burden

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Enormous quantities of waste such as lawn waste (LW) and kitchen waste (KW) are generated in urban institutes, proper management of which is...     

Mechanical-biological waste treatment and the associated occupational hygiene in Finland

A special feature of waste management in Finland has been the emphasis on the source separation of kitchen biowaste (catering waste); more than two-thirds of the Finnish population participates in this separation. Source-separated biowaste is usually treated by composting. The biowaste of about 5% of the population is handled by mechanical-biological treatment. A waste treatment plant at Mustasaari is the only plant in Finland using digestion for kitchen biowaste. For the protection of their employees, the plant owners commissioned a study on environmental factors and occupational hygiene in the plant area. During 1998-2000 the concentrations of dust, microbes and endotoxins and noise levels were investigated to identify possible problems at the plant. Three different work areas were investigated: the pre-processing and crushing hall, the bioreactor hall and the drying hall. Employees were asked about work-related health problems. Some problems with occupational hygiene were identified: concentrations of microbes and endotoxins may increase to levels harmful to health during waste crushing and in the bioreactor hall. Because employees complained of symptoms such as dry cough and rash or itching appearing once or twice a month, it is advisable to use respirator masks (class P3) during dusty working phases. The noise level in the drying hall exceeded the Finnish threshold value of 85 dBA. Qualitatively harmful factors for the health of employees are similar in all closed waste treatment plants in Finland. Quantitatively, however, the situation at the Mustasaari treatment plant is better than at some Finnish dry waste treatment plants. Therefore is reasonable to conclude that mechanical sorting, which produces a dry waste fraction for combustion and a biowaste fraction for anaerobic treatment, is in terms of occupational hygiene better for employees than combined aerobic treatment and dry waste treatment.     

上海市餐厨垃圾管理处置现状及建议

结合日常管理工作,梳理了从餐厨垃圾的源头申报、中途收运到末端处置过程中存在的主要问题,如申报量不足、挂靠收运、执法难等,分析了这些问题影响管理推进的主要原因,并从政府管理资源、政策扶持、标准制定、规划布局等方面提出一些建议。     

Overview of waste disposal and landfills/dumps in Asian countries

Many cities in developing Asian countries face serious problems in managing solid wastes. The annual waste generation increases in proportion to the rises in population and urbanization. Asian countries with greater rural populations produce more organic waste, such as kitchen wastes, and fewer recyclable items, such as paper, metals, and plastics. Reliable data on solid waste compositions are difficult to obtain, and even if available, they are often not updated. We report the most recent waste composition data in some developing Asian countries. We suggest that a better classification system for landfills is needed to address inconsistencies in data for sanitary landfill sites versus waste dumps. We also discuss the information on waste disposal trends and problems associated with general solid waste management in developing Asian countries.     

Report: future industrial solid waste management in pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ), Iran.

The Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) is located in the south of Iran, on the northern coastline of the Persian Gulf. This area was established in 1998 for the utilization of south Pars field oil and gas resources. This field is one of the largest gas resources in the world and contains about 6% of the total fossil fuels known. Petrochemical industries, gas refineries and downstream industries are being constructed in this area. At present there are three gas refineries in operation and five more gas refineries are under construction. In this study, different types of solid waste including municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial wastes were investigated separately. The aim of the study was to focus on the management of the industrial wastes in order to minimize the environmental impact. In the first stage, the types and amounts of industrial waste in PSEEZ were evaluated by an inventory. The main types of industrial waste are oil products (fuel oil, light oil, lubricating oil), spent catalysts, adsorbents, resins, coke, wax and packaging materials. The waste management of PSEEZ is quite complex because of the different types of industry and the diversity of industrial residues. In some cases recycling/reuse of waste is the best option, but treatment and disposal are also necessary tools. Recently a design has been prepared for a disposal site in PSEEZ for the industrial waste that cannot be reused or recycled. The total surface area of this disposal site where the industrial waste should be tipped for the next 20 years was estimated to be about 42 000 m2.