"国六条"后众生相--我们离绿色地产还有多远

现象：一位王姓地产商称，2002年，他在某区金开大道拿下200多亩地，当时出让价为40多万元／亩，由于缺乏启动资金，至今未开发。按新政策要求，这些土地将被无偿收回。     

Sown species richness and realized diversity can influence functioning of plant communities differently

Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments (BEF) typically manipulate sown species richness and composition of experimental communities to study ecosystem functioning as a response to changes in diversity. If sown species richness is taken as a measure of diversity and aboveground biomass production as a measure of community functioning, then this relationship is usually found to be positive. The sown species richness can be considered the equivalent of a local species pool in natural communities. However, in addition to species richness, realized diversity is also an important community diversity component. Realized diversity is affected by environmental filtering and biotic interactions operating within a community. As both sown species richness and the realized diversity in BEF studies (as well as local species pool vs observed realized richness in natural communities) can differ markedly, so can their effects on the community functioning. We tested this assumption using two data sets: data from a short-term pot experiment and data from the long-term Jena biodiversity plot experiment. We considered three possible predictors of community functioning (aboveground biomass production): sown species richness, realized diversity (defined as inverse of Simpson dominance index), and survivor species richness. Sown species richness affected biomass production positively in all cases. Realized diversity as well as survivor species richness had positive effects on biomass in approximately half of cases. When realized diversity or survivor species richness was tested together with sown species richness, their partial effects were none or negative. Our results suggest that we can expect positive diversity–productivity relationship when the local species pool size is the decisive factor determining realized observed diversity; in other cases, the shape of the diversity–functioning relationship may be quite opposite.     

Effects of biomass co-pyrolysis and herbaceous plant colonization on the transformation of tailings into soil like substrate

Enhancing soil organic matter characteristics,ameliorating physical structure,mitigating heavy metal toxicity,and hastening mineral weathering processes are crucial approaches to accomplish the transition of tailings substrate to a soil-like substrate.The incorporation of biomass co-pyrolysis and plant colonization has been established to be a significant factor in soil substrate formation and soil pollutant remediation.Despite this,there is presently an absence of research efforts aimed at synergistically utilizing these two technologies to expedite the process of mining tailings soil substrate formation.The current study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of geochemical changes and rapid mineral weather-ing during the process of transforming tailings substrate into a soil-like substrate,under the combined effects of biomass co-smoldering pyrolysis and plant colonization.The findings of this study suggest that the incorporation of smoldering pyrolysis and plant coloniza-tion induces a high-temperature effect and biological effects,which enhance the physical and chemical properties of tailings,while simultaneously accelerating the rate of mineral weathering.Notable improvements include the amelioration of extreme pH levels,nutrient enrichment,the formation of aggregates,and an increase in enzyme activity,all of which collectively demonstrate the successful attainment of tailings substrate reconstruction.Evi-dence of the accelerated weathering was verified by phase and surface morphology analysis using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.Discovered corrosion and frag-mentation on the surface of minerals.The weathering resulted in corrosion and fragmenta-tion of the surface of the treated mineral.This study confirms that co-smoldering pyrolysis of biomass,combined with plant colonization,can effectively promote the transformation of tailings into soil-like substrates.This method has can effectively address the key chal-lenges that have previously hindered sustainable development of the mining industry and provides a novel approach for ecological restoration of tailings deposits.     

Effects of biomass co-pyrolysis and herbaceous plant colonization on the transformation of tailings into soil like substrate

Enhancing soil organic matter characteristics,ameliorating physical structure,mitigating heavy metal toxicity,and hastening mineral weathering processes are crucial approaches to accomplish the transition of tailings substrate to a soil-like substrate.The incorporation of biomass co-pyrolysis and plant colonization has been established to be a significant factor in soil substrate formation and soil pollutant remediation.Despite this,there is presently an absence of research efforts aimed at synergistically utilizing these two technologies to expedite the process of mining tailings soil substrate formation.The current study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of geochemical changes and rapid mineral weather-ing during the process of transforming tailings substrate into a soil-like substrate,under the combined effects of biomass co-smoldering pyrolysis and plant colonization.The findings of this study suggest that the incorporation of smoldering pyrolysis and plant coloniza-tion induces a high-temperature effect and biological effects,which enhance the physical and chemical properties of tailings,while simultaneously accelerating the rate of mineral weathering.Notable improvements include the amelioration of extreme pH levels,nutrient enrichment,the formation of aggregates,and an increase in enzyme activity,all of which collectively demonstrate the successful attainment of tailings substrate reconstruction.Evi-dence of the accelerated weathering was verified by phase and surface morphology analysis using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.Discovered corrosion and frag-mentation on the surface of minerals.The weathering resulted in corrosion and fragmenta-tion of the surface of the treated mineral.This study confirms that co-smoldering pyrolysis of biomass,combined with plant colonization,can effectively promote the transformation of tailings into soil-like substrates.This method has can effectively address the key chal-lenges that have previously hindered sustainable development of the mining industry and provides a novel approach for ecological restoration of tailings deposits.     

新河涌:像花一样盛开

每条河涌都有故事,都是一段活着的历史……     

Variations in land requirements for meat production

Production of meat requires substantial amounts of feed grains which in turn require vast amounts of land. Future population growth and increase in consumption will raise the demand for meat and with it the land required for meat production. This paper analyses the various factors that affect land requirements for meat production. Meat production by Dutch broilers, pigs and beef cattle on their current feeds are compared and options for change are evaluated with respect to their nutritional needs. Differences in land requirements of a factor of 3 were found between different agricultural production systems and feeds as well as between types of livestock. It is shown that broilers have the lowest land requirement while beef cattle have the highest. The variation in feed crop yields between agricultural systems is discussed. It is concluded that due to the large variation within the system there is potential for reduction in the land requirements for meat production.     

环境审计之花静悄悄地开

环境审计作为一种环境管理手段，是环境管理系统的重要组成部分。然而，比之这一环境管理手段必将给保护环境和可持续发展带来利好的环境治理远景而言，这一手段在我国的运用和普及尚停留干较浅层次，某种程度上说，它处于实验产品阶段的属性更浓烈得多。