厌氧附着膜膨胀床工艺处理石油化工废水的研究

对厌氧附着膜膨胀床（ＡＡＦＥＢ）反应器处理石油化工废不进行研究,结果表明,在中温条件下（３５℃）ＡＡＦＥＢ稳定运行的适宜工艺参数为ＨＲＴ３２ｈ,容积有机负荷０．５２３ｋｇＣＯＤ／ｍ＾３．ｄ,ＣＯＤ去除率达８０．８％,升高温度可以提高ＡＡＦＥＢ反应器的处理效果,ＡＡＦＥＢ反应器在高温条件下（５５℃）运行耐冲击负荷成于中温条件（３５℃）。     

工程材料的环境影响定量评价研究

本文系统讨论了工程材料对可持续发展社会的影响和作用。归纳和提出了材料三角形,即材料的功能性、环境性和经济性的相互关系。以可持续发展思想为核心,阐述了环境材料与教育的关系。另一方面,明确定义了等效环境指数（Ｉｉ）、环境因子（ＥＦｋ）、环境负荷（ＥＬＶ）三个术语,从而给出具体材料的环境影响定量评价值。最后计算了某些工程材料的环境负荷值。     

开展战略环境评价的探讨

战略环境评价是环境影响评价在政策，计划和规划等战略层次的应用，是在战略层次上及早协调环境与发展关系的决策和规划手段。ＳＥＡ与项目ＥＩＡ形成了完整有层次的ＥＩＡ体系，提供了一个环境与发展的综合决策框架，可作为贯彻可持续发展的可操作工具。通过借鉴和引入国外ＳＥＡ理论与经验，尽快建立了有中国特色的ＳＥＡ理论和制度成为当前一项重要而紧迫的工作。在回顾ＳＥＡ国内外开展现状的基础上，对在我国开展ＳＥＡ的目标，     

活性硅酸混凝剂PFASSC处理造纸废水

利用硅酸钠、硫酸铝、三氯化铁和硫酸为主要原料制备了复合型活性硅酸混凝剂ＰＦＡＳＳＣ并对造纸废水进行了处理，得到活性硅酸混凝剂ＰＦＡＳＳＣ最佳配方为：ＰＨ＝２．０（Ｆｅ＾３＋＋Ａｌ＾２）／ＳｉＯ２（摩尔比）＝１．５，Ｆｅ＾３＋／Ａｌ＾３＋（摩尔比）＝１．０，与常用混凝剂相比，ＰＦＡＳＳＣ混凝剂处理造纸废水对除浊、脱色和去除ＣＤＤＣｒ有更加优良的性能。     

厌氧浮动生物膜反应器与厌氧折流板反应器处理高浓度有机废水工艺 …

研究了厌氧浮动生物反应器（ＡＦＢＢＲ）与厌氧折流板反应器（ＡＢＲ）处理高浓度有机废水的运行特点,与ＡＢＲ相比,ＡＦＢＢＲ具有较经的抗冲击负荷能力,适合处理２有机废水,ＡＢＲ处理中等强度的有机废水有很强的优势。     

锐颈特与马拉硫磷交替使用对麦穗鱼脑乙酰胆碱酯酶活性恢复的 …

研究了５％锐颈特县浮剂与９５％马拉硫磷文替使用对麦穗鱼（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｒａｓｂｏｒａ ｐａｒｏａ）乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡＣｈＥ,ＥＣ３．１．１．７）活性的影响。结果表明,０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ,锐颈物与２ｍｇ／Ｌ马拉硫磷交替使用均影响被抑制的ＡＣｈＥ活性恢复。文中还探讨了研究农药影响对于合理评价农药环境毒性的意义。     

共存离子对硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）处理含铬废水的影响研究

报道了用硫酸盐还原菌（ＳＲＢ）处理含铬（ＶＩ）废水时，共存离子Ｓｒ＾２＋，Ｃｄ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋，ＵＯ＾２＋２，Ａｇ＾＋和Ｃｌ＾－，ＳＯ２－４，ＣＯ＾２－３，ＳｉＦ＾２－６，ＥＤＴＡ柠檬酸根等存在的时的影响，在铬（ＶＩ）为５０μｇ／ｍＬ，菌量一定的条件下，铬的去除率可达８５％以上，共存离子与铬（ＶＩ）的摩尔比为４时影响较为显著，Ｃｄ＾２＋和Ａｇ＾＋使铬的去除量降低，ＵＯ＾２＋２，Ｓｒ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾     

水俣氧化铁对废水中某些放射性核素的吸附研究

研究了水合氧化物对＾１０６Ｒｕ，＾９０Ｓｒ－＾９０Ｙ，＾１３７ＣＳ及＾１５３－１５４Ｅｕ的吸附规律。结果表明，水合氧化物对Ｒｕ、Ｓｒ、Ｙ及Ｅｕ有良好的吸附性能，对Ｃｓ有一定的吸附性。Ｆｅ／Ｚｎ混合氧化物对Ｃｓ和Ｓｒ－Ｖ的吸附能力比水合氧化铁高一个数量级。     

累积环境影响评价研究

为了响应综合的环境管理和可持续发展对环境影响评价（ＥＩＡ）的要求，有必要进行累积环境影响评价研究。本文介绍了累积环境影响的概念模型、分类和特点，并探讨了累积环境影响评价的方法。     

有机金属化合物形态分析

本文对有机金属化合物形态分析的发展做了简单介绍,从本学科出发提出了有机金属化合物形态分析的概念和任务。分析了有机金属化合物形态分析常用的几种方法,包括ＧＣ－ＡＡＳ,ＧＣ－ＭＩＰ－ＡＥＳ,ＧＣ－ＦＰＤ和ＧＣ－ＭＳ等的特点,对样品的采集,贮存和预处理方法以及形态分析中的质量控制进行了讨论。     

适于环境容量初始配置的两步削减模型及应用

在由目标总量控制向容量总量控制的过渡时期,现有排污量往往超过区域的环境容量.因此,确定企业排污削减的比例,成为该时期环境容量初始配置的核心任务.以公平与效率为基本原则,构建了由法定削减与公平削减组成的两步削减模型,并联合应用模糊聚类分析法和层次分析法对模型参数进行求解,在太仓经济开发区环境容量的初始分配中进行了运用.模型的建构思路与求解方法可为相关的环境管理者提供参考.     

Reducing Indoor Air Formaldehyde Concentrations

Urea-formaldehyde resin bonded partlcleboard, medium density fiberboard and plywood paneling are used as flooring, wall paneling, for cabinet work and in furniture, and are present In almost every office, home and public building. If large quantities of these products are used In poorly ventilated spaces, high manufacturing quality control is necessary to avoid problems of latent formaldehyde release. Indoor air formaldehyde concentrations depend on the nature of the product, the product surface to air volume (loading) factor, temperature, humidity, age and product emission rates. Standard test methods are now available for measuring product emission rates that make It possible to predict the performance of UF-bonded pressed wood materials If use conditions and environmental parameters are known. Recent modifications In adhesive and board manufacturing parameters have made It possible to reduce formaldehyde emission significantly, and UF-bonded wood products are now capable of meeting indoor air quality standard levels of 0.1 ppm under almost all customary loading conditions.     

Macro kinetic studies for photocatalytic degradation of benzoic acid in immobilized systems

Semiconductor photocatalytic process has been studied extensively in recent years due to its intriguing advantages in environmental remediation. In this study, a two-phase swirl-flow monolithic-type reactor is used to study the kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of benzoic acid in immobilized systems. Transport contributions into the observed degradation rates were determined when catalyst is immobilized. Intrinsic kinetic rate constants and its dependence on light intensity and catalyst layer thickness, values of adsorption equilibrium constant, internal as well as external mass transfer parameters were determined. The simultaneous effect of catalyst loading and light intensity and optimum catalyst layer thickness were also determined experimentally. Reaction rate constants and overall observed degradation rates were compared with slurry systems.     

Management of marine cage aquaculture

Goal, Scope and Background Marine cage aquaculture produces a large amount of waste that is released directly into the environment. To effectively manage the mariculture environment, it is important to determine the carrying capacity of an aquaculture area. In many Asian countries trash fish is dominantly used in marine cage aquaculture, which contains more water than pellet feed. The traditional nutrient loading analysis is for pellet feed not for trash fish feed. So, a more critical analysis is necessary in trash fish feed culturing areas. Methods Corresponding to FCR (feed conversion rate), dry feed conversion rate (DFCR) was used to analyze the nutrient loadings from marine cage aquaculture where trash fish is used. Based on the hydrodynamic model and the mass transport model in Xiangshan Harbor, the relationship between the water quality and the waste discharged from cage aquaculture has been determined. The environmental carrying capacity of the aquaculture sea area was calculated by applying the models noted above. Results Nitrogen and phosphorus are the water quality parameters considered in this study. The simulated results show that the maximum nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were 0.216 mg/L and 0.039 mg/L, respectively. In most of the sea area, the nutrient concentrations were higher than the water quality standard. The calculated environmental carrying capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus in Xiangshan Harbor were 1,107.37 t/yr and 134.35 t/yr, respectively. The waste generated from cage culturing in 2000 has already exceeded the environmental carrying capacity. Discussion Unconsumed feed has been identified as the most important origin of all pollutants in cage culturing systems. It suggests the importance of increasing the feed utilization and improving the feed composition on the basis of nutrient requirement. For the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry, it is an effective management measure to keep the stocking density and pollution loadings below the environmental carrying capacity. Conclusions The DFCR-based nutrient loadings analysis indicates, in trash fish feed culturing areas, that it is more critical and has been proved to be a valuable loading calculation method. The modeling approach for Xiangshan Harbor presented in this paper is a cost-effective method for assessing the environmental impact and determining the capacity. Carrying capacity information can give scientific suggestions for the sustainable management of aquaculture environments. Recommendations and Perspectives It has been proved that numerical models were convenient tools to predict the environmental carrying capacity. The development of models coupled with dynamic and aquaculture ecology is a requirement of further research. Such models can also be useful in monitoring the ecological impacts caused by mariculture activities. ESS-Submission Editor: Hailong Wang (hailong.wang@ensisjv.com)     

Prediction of overall persistence and long-range transport potential with multimedia fate models: robustness and sensitivity of results

The hazard indicators persistence (P) and long-range transport potential (LRTP) are used in chemicals assessment to characterize chemicals with regard to the temporal and spatial extent of their environmental exposure. They are often calculated based on the results of multimedia fate models. The environmental and substance-specific input parameters of such models are subject to a range of methodological uncertainties and also influenced by natural variability. We employed probabilistic uncertainty analysis to quantify variance in P and LRTP predictions for chemicals with different partitioning and transport behavior. Variance found in the results is so large that it prevents a clear distinction between chemicals. Additionally, only small improvements are observed when evaluating the results relative to a benchmark chemical. This can be explained by the dominance of substance-specific parameters and the only small direct influence of environmental parameters on P and LRTP as model outcomes. The findings underline the importance of learning how environmental conditions cause variability in substance behavior for improved substance ranking and classification.     

双极膜电渗析法处理谷氨酸水溶液的过程性能研究

对利用双极膜水解离技术处理谷氨酸水溶液的各种工艺参数进行了探索。讨论了电流效率、转化率及能耗等因素对双极膜水解离技术应用的影响。根据实验研究结果 ,提出了双极膜法处理谷氨酸水溶液的最佳工艺流程     

上海市青浦区农业非点源污染的流域分配研究

根据遥感技术得到的土地利用类型、河网、道路、圩区等信息,结合地理信息系统(GIS)的空间分析功能,建立了在多种空间因素影响下确定农业非点源污染负荷的流域分配方法。在此基础上,以上海市青浦区为例,得到了该区各河段中的污染负荷量．从而为寻求流域内合理的土地利用模式和农业非点源污染排放总量的控制方法提供决策依据。     

A potential sanitary sewer overflow treatment technology: fixed-media bioreactors

Under certain conditions, sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) containing raw wastewater may be discharged to public land and can contribute to environmental and public health issues. Although this problem has attracted the attention of local, state, and federal government and regulators, relatively little SSO abatement research has been published. This study used fixed-media bioreactors, a proven onsite technology in rural areas, to treat wet weather SSO wastewater and reduce its effects on the receiving water environment. The results of this 32-month laboratory study showed that fixed-media bioreactors, especially sand bioreactors, efficiently removed organic matter, solids, and nutrients during six-hour simulated SSO peak flows. Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BODs) of the simulated SSO varied between 40 and 125 mg/L. The average effluent concentration of BOD5 was 13 mg/L in sand bioreactors at a hydraulic loading rate of 20.4 cm/h. In addition to having high hydraulic loadings, SSO events occur infrequently. This irregularity requires that treatment systems quickly start up and effectively treat wastewater after a period of no flow. This research found that an interval up to six months between two SSO peak flows did not affect the bioreactor performance. Based on this work, fixed-media bioreactors have the potential to reduce the effects of SSOs on the water environment by following proper design parameters and operation strategies. The pollution loading of approximately 18 g BODs/m2 x h is recommended for the efficient performance of sand bioreactors in the SSO treatment.     

Environmental chamber test methodology for characterizing organic vapors from solid emission sources

Environmental test chambers are an important tool in the characterization of organic emissions from solid consumer and construction products and in the evaluation of their potential impact on indoor air quality. The results of extensive research concerning formaldehyde (CH₂O) emissions from such products strongly support this application of environmental chambers to measure product emissions and provide useful input for the design of environmental chamber studies. The physical design and test methodology for environmental chambers are strongly influenced by several elements in a comprehensive project plan for source characterization, including the selection process for test samples and the mathematical models used to interpret the organic emissions data. The protocol for environmental chamber testing extends broadly from the acquisition, preparation and conditioning of test specimens, to the selection and control of environmental test conditions, and to the calibration and measurement of system parameters and organic emissions. The requirements for environmental control inside the test chamber can be estimated from the sensitivity of the organic emission rates of the test products (e.g. CH₂O emissions from pressed-wood products) to variation in environmental parameters. The cost of the numerous, multiple-organic analyses required for environmental chamber testing of solid emitters is seen as a strong limitation to product selection strategies and modeling efforts. The modeling of organic emissions from solid emitters can be both a planning tool for development of chamber test methodology and a means to interpret test chamber results.     

加压生物氧化法处理印染废水的动力学研究

加压生化法与其他处理印染废水的方法相比．具有工艺简单,耐冲击能力强、投资低、操作参数仪表控制、剩余污泥量少等优点。探讨了在加压曝气条件下处理印染废水的生化反应机理．测定其动力学参数．建立加压生物氧化法处理印染废水的生物氧化反应动力学模型,为印染废水的加压生化处理提供了可靠的设计与运行参数。