Variables influencing growth and morphology of colonies of cells from human amniotic fluid

Growth of cells from amniotic fluid was studied with respect to cell concentration in the inoculum, blood contamination of the fluid, fluid colour, fluid clarity, gestational age of the pregnancy, and growth factors. Dependent variables measured were colony formation, colony size, and colony morphology after 7, 11, and 14 days of culture. The following conclusions were established from these studies: small sample volumes are the most efficient for producing colonies; cells from very bloody or dark brown fluids have a slower rate of growth; growth of cells from cloudy (noncontaminated) fluids is better than growth of cells from clear fluids; the proportion of colonies that are epithelioid varies with gestational age; the stimulating effect of 100 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor on cells from amniotic fluid was confirmed.     

气态甲醛暴露对神经生长因子表达影响的体内实验

为了探讨气态甲醛对小鼠组织中NGF表达的诱导作用,以小鼠肺和脑作为实验材料,应用RT-PCR方法检测甲醛染毒后小鼠肺和脑中NGF-mRNA的表达量.结果显示,小鼠脑中NGF表达量随着染毒时间的增加而增加;而肺中NGF在甲醛染毒1d后就达到最大,但随着时间的增加NGF表达量反而下降;故NGF在小鼠这2种组织中呈现不同的表达效应.为了进一步研究甲醛、NGF和哮喘之间的联系,构建了大鼠的哮喘模型,应用RT-PCR方法检测哮喘模型鼠肺中NGF的表达趋势.结果显示,在大鼠哮喘模型中,低浓度甲醛组(1.0mg·m-3)NGF表达量显著上调(p<0.01),而高浓度甲醛组(3.0mg·m-3)NGF表达量反而下降,仅略高于空白对照组(p>0.05).     

城市化与国民经济发展之关系的理论分析

城市化水平与人均国民生产总值的统计关系在８０年代被建立,从理论上分析这个统计关系能加深对城市与经济发展之关系的理解。从经济学的要素替代和需求收入弹性原理概括了城市化的发展机制,认为任何一个国家或地区的城市化都遵从它。并构造了全国人均国民生产总值与城市人均国民生产总值、乡村人均国民生产总值、城市化水平的关系,它是普适的。如果假设城市、乡村人均国民生产总值的增长分别引起的全国人均国民生产总值的增长总是占据了一个不变的份额,同时,城市人均国民生产总值与乡村人均国民生产总值之差与全国人均国民生产总值成正比,那么,就可以据此演绎出这个统计关系。第二个前提暗示了一个城乡发展差距的倒“Ｕ”字型过程     

A comparison on the phytoremediation ability of triazophos by different macrophytes

The strategy of choosing suitable plants should receive great performance in phytoremediation of surface water polluted by triazophos(O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP), which is an organophosphorus pesticide widespread applied for agriculture in China and moderately toxic to higher animal and fish. The tolerance, uptake, transformation and removal of TAP by twelve species of macrophytes were examined in a hydroponic system and a comprehensive score(CS) of five parameters(relative growth rate(RGR), biomass, root/shoot ratio, removal capacity(RC), and bio-concentration factor(BCF)) by factor analysis was employed to screen the potential macrophyte species for TAP phytoremediation. The results showed that Thalia dealbata, Cyperus alternifolius, Canna indica and Acorus calamus had higher RGR values, indicating these four species having stronger growth capacity under TAP stress. The higher RC loading in Iris pseudacorus and Cyperus rotundus were 42.11 and 24.63 μg/(g fw·day), respectively. The highest values of BCF occurred in A. calamus(1.17), and TF occurred in Eichhornia crassipes(2.14). Biomass and root/shoot ratio of plant showed significant positive correlation with first-order kinetic constant of TAP removal in the hydroponic system, indicating that plant biomass and root system play important roles in remediation of TAP. Five plant species including C. alternifolius, A. calamus, T. dealbata, C. indica and Typha orientalis, which owned higher CS, would be potential species for TAP phytoremediation of contaminated water bodies.     

嗜热硫酸盐还原菌的分离及生长影响因素研究

从油田污水中分离得到一株嗜热硫酸盐还原菌,并研究了该菌株的形态生理特性,探讨了碳源、还原剂、pH和温度对该菌株的生长和硫酸盐还原能力影响。结果表明:该菌株为革兰氏阳性杆菌,最适合碳源为柠檬酸钠,在加入了硫代硫酸钠作为还原剂的培养基中生长较好,最适合生长pH为中性,最适生长温度为60℃。在最适条件下培养,2d后培养基变黑,菌株的生长在3d后达到最大值,硫化氢的生成在4d后达到最大值。     

Altered levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein proteases in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE) are leading causes of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Many studies have found association between low levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) proteases in the first trimester maternal circulation and the risk of subsequent development of PE and/or IUGR. These results are generally interpreted to reflect decreased production of the proteases by the placenta, leading to reduced proteolysis of IGFBPs and lower free levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF), resulting in diminished feto-placental development. However, the association between low circulating levels of placental proteins early in pregnancy and the subsequent development of IUGR and/or PE could be due to low exchange in the placenta and not due to reduced production. In contrast, late in pregnancy, the circulating levels of these proteins and their expression in the placenta are often elevated in PE, which may reflect upregulation to compensate for abnormal placental development, that is an adaptive mechanism to increase IGFBP proteolysis, increase local IGF levels and promote feto-placental growth. Further research into the biological mechanisms underlying these associations will aid the identification of high-risk pregnancies and the development of therapeutic targets for diseases for which there are presently no preventative measures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of extracellular matrix on the proliferation of human amniotic fluid cells in vitro

Factors which influence the proliferation of human amniotic fluid cells in vitro have potential importance in reducing the time for prenatal diagnosis. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) has been shown to be mitogenic for human amniotic fluid cells. The observation that cells which respond to FGF in vitro produce their own extracellular matrix (ECM), led to the use of an ECM as a substrate to assess proliferation. Pooled amniotic fluid cells maintained on an ECM prepared from bovine corneal endothelial cells demonstrated a significant increase in proliferation when compared with cells maintained on plastic substrate in the presence or absence of FGF. If FGF was added to cultures of amniotic fluid cells maintained on ECM, further increases in proliferation were noted compared with cells maintained on ECM in the absence of FGF. These results indicate that the substrate upon which amniotic fluid cells are maintained can have a profound influence on their proliferation.     

Fetal urinary insulin-like growth factor I and binding protein 3 in bilateral obstructive uropathies

Fetal urinary concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (UIGF-I) and binding protein 3 (UIGFBP-3) were determined in patients with prenatal diagnosis of bilateral obstructive uropathy. Patients were retrospectively assigned to three groups, on the basis of outcome: group 1, termination of pregnancies (n = 11) with sonographic evidence of severe oligohydramnios or renal dysplasia, confirmed at histological examination; group 2, patients (n = 10) with postnatal plasma creatinine > 50 μmol/1 at the age of 1 year (1 yr-pCreat); and group 3, patients (n = 16) with 1 yr-pCreat ≤ μmol/1. The results show a significant increase in UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 in groups 1 (18 159 ± 9083 pg/ml; 2657 ± 669 ng/ml) and 2 (1574 ± 847 pg/ml; 176 ± 50 ng/ml) in comparison with group 3 (35 ± 6 pg/ml; 21 ± 2 ng/ml). UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 were significantly correlated with postnatal plasma creatinine, and were both sensitive (90 per cent; 80 per cent) and specific (88 per cent; 88 per cent) for prediction of elevated 1 yr-pCreat (>50 μmol/1). Fetal urinary IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are increased in severe fetal bilateral obstructive uropathy, possibly reflecting tubular dysfunction or/and increased synthesis consequent upon fetal kidney injury. Their predictive value for postnatal renal function needs further assessment.     

煤燃烧超细颗粒物的粒径分布及数浓度排放特征试验

利用快速迁移率粒径谱仪(fast mobility particle sizer,FMPS)对煤燃烧排放的超细颗粒物粒径分布特征进行测量研究,并对单位质量煤粉燃烧产生的超细颗粒物数量排放因子进行分析.结果表明,煤燃烧超细颗粒物数浓度粒径谱呈对数双峰分布,颗粒几何平均粒径(the geometry mean diameter,GMD)约为23.1 nm.在燃烧阶段,煤燃烧超细颗粒物数浓度随时间呈指数增长,各模态颗粒物数浓度与煤粉量呈线性相关关系,单位质量煤粉燃烧产生的核模态颗粒物数量排放因子为(1.50±0.64)×1010个·mg-1,爱根核模态颗粒为(1.18±0.56)×1010个·mg-1,积聚模态颗粒物为(0.19±0.06)×1010个·mg-1,总颗粒物为(2.87±1.09)×1010个·mg-1.在扩散过程中,颗粒粒径随时间呈线性增长,粒径增长速率与煤粉量呈线性相关关系.单位质量煤粉燃烧排放的颗粒粒径平均增长速率为7.5 nm·h-1·mg-1.     

基于观测的大气气溶胶散射吸湿增长因子模型研究 ——以2006 CAREBeijing加强观测为例

在2006年北京加强观测期间,以颗粒物－液体转换采集系统(PILS)测量的气溶胶各可溶性离子组分的质量浓度、颗粒物分级采样器(MOUDI)测量的各可溶性离子组分及有机碳(OC)、碳黑(EC)的分级质量谱分布为基础,对离子组分的可能存在形态进行判断,计算了化学组分质量浓度及各化学物种的粒径数谱浓度;利用Mie模型及各化学物种的密度、折射率、吸湿粒径增长因子等参数计算得到外混、内混的粒子群在干燥状态、不同相对湿度下的散射系数,最终计算得到不同化学组分外混、内混状态下的散射吸湿增长因子;将模型模拟的气溶胶散射吸湿增长因子与观测得到的该因子进行对比,发现模拟值与观测值能够在一定误差范围内吻合,实现了该因子的闭合实验.     

南湖富营养化主要控制因子分析

全面分析了南湖湖泊系统中营养物之间、营养物与藻类生长之间的相互关系,探讨了各种环境因子对南湖富营养化的影响,结合藻类增长潜力试验结果确定南湖富营养化的主要控制因子。结果表明,光、温度、碳、氮不能成为南湖富营养化的主要控制因子,控制南湖富营养化的关键在于控制磷。      

Prenatal diagnosis of Apert syndrome: report of two cases

Two de novo cases with Apert Syndrome detected prenatally are presented herein. In the first, fetal ultrasound findings of syndactyly of the hands, craniosynostosis and proptosis resulted in a prenatal diagnosis in the nineteenth week of gestation. This is the earliest prenatal diagnosis of this syndrome in a not-at-risk case. Following counseling, this pregnancy was terminated and subsequent pathological examination and DNA analysis confirmed the diagnosis of Apert Syndrome and coarctation of the aorta. In the second case, fetal ultrasound at 21 weeks' gestation revealed a hypoplastic left heart and clover-leaf skull. Following counseling, this pregnancy was also terminated. Further examination of the fetus and DNA analysis led to a diagnosis of Apert Syndrome. These cases emphasize the need to complete a thorough fetal ultrasound in cases with potentially lethal cardiac abnormality and the importance of incorporating a fetal pathologist, as well as a medical geneticist, in the investigations performed after delivery or pregnancy termination when a fetal abnormality is detected on ultrasound. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天津市冬季气溶胶吸湿因子的粒径分布特征

气溶胶粒径吸湿增长因子［g（RH）］是影响气溶胶消光和气溶胶辐射强迫的重要因素.利用吸湿性串联差分电迁移率分析仪（HTDMA）观测了天津市冬季不同污染状态下气溶胶粒子g_m（RH）的粒径分布.同时基于水溶性离子的粒径分布,利用κ-Köhler理论获取了较宽粒径范围内（60 nm~9.8 μm）的g_κ（RH）,为环境状态下气溶胶光学参数和直接辐射强迫的模拟提供基础.结果表明,清洁状态下大气光化学反应较为活跃,超细粒子（<100 nm）的g_m（RH）较高,g_m（RH=80%）在1.30以上.重度污染天,气溶胶中水溶性离子的质量分数随粒子粒径增大而增加,导致g_m（RH）随着粒子粒径增大而增大,300 nm粒子的g_m（RH=80%）和g_m（RH=85%）分别可达1.39和1.46.在较宽粒径范围（60 nm~9.8 μm）内,不同模态气溶胶的吸湿性强弱表现为积聚模态>爱根模态>粗模态.大气重污染过程中气溶胶粒径明显增大,积聚模态气溶胶中NO₃^-和SO₄^2-含量较清洁天明显增加,受此影响,污染状态下积聚模态气溶胶的吸湿性较清洁天明显增强,g_κ（RH）达到1.3~1.4,具有强吸湿性的气溶胶粒径范围也同时扩大,在0.18~3.1 μm粒径段均较高,对能见度恶化有重要的贡献.     

Environmental impact of China''s village and township industry(1988-1992): a comparison with urban industry

This paper starts by a comparitive study of economic-pollutional coefficients between China's village and township industry(VTI) and urban industry, and pointed out that they share a common pattern of pollution discharge growth. An computable method was then proposed for estimating VTI's pollution discharges of the objective year, based on the base-year pollution data, the production growth factor, the abating-pollution-techni que-progress factor. The estimates of VTI's pollution discharges for year 1992 were worked out according to three scenarioes of selecting abating-pollution -technique- progress factor, and the acceptability of results were analyzed and identified. Finally, the VTI's importance for China's environmental management were interpreted in terms of the conservative estimate of VTI's pollution discharges.     

耦合气溶胶双参数化方案的大气能见度数值改进算法

将气溶胶复折射率（Aerosol Complex Refractive Index,ACRI）和气溶胶粒径吸湿增长因子（Growth Factor,Gf（RH））参数化方案进行耦合,提出了一种基于Mie散射模型的大气能见度数值改进算法.并利用成都市2017年10~12月WS600一体式气象站、AURORA-3000积分浊度计、AE-31黑碳仪以及GRIMM180环境颗粒物监测仪分别观测获得的相对湿度（RH）,干气溶胶散射系数（b_sp）,干气溶胶吸收系数（b_sp）,气溶胶质量浓度（PM₁₀,PM_2.5,PM₁）及其数浓度粒径分布（N[r（RH）]）的地面逐时观测资料,通过与两种能见度计算模型（经验参数的Mie散射模型和统计模型）在不同能见度区间（<2km,2~5km,5~10km,>10km）模拟结果的对比分析,评估了该改进算法的适用性.结果表明：三种能见度计算方法均能较好地模拟出能见度的变化特征;改进算法通过本地化参数化方案更准确地估计出DACRI和Gf（RH）,从而可更准确地模拟出四类能见度区间,对应模拟值与实测值的相关系数（R）分别为0.62,0.90,0.89,0.93,平均相对误差（MRE）分别为9.86%,10.39%,9.94%,14.06%.