Electronic version of the encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety as a source of definitions

PROBLEM: Continuous progress in the occupational safety and health field, as well as social-economic development, generates a need for access to definitions. Definitions are usually scattered in many sources and not easy to find. Electronic documents give new opportunity to information access. METHOD: As an experiment, the feasibility of automatic full-text searching of definitions was examined using the Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, edited by the International Labour Organization (ILO), on CD-ROM. DISCUSSION: The results were compared with the traditional index search by subject, using the paper version of the encyclopedia. The automatic search appeared successful; about 100 definitions were excerpted the automatic way. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: As in most industries, finding accurate information is a necessity in the safety industry. The electronic document seems to be a powerful instrument as a source of definitions and can be quite easy to use by specialists as well as safety personnel in information processing.     

石门揭煤高角度断层围岩注浆加固理论研究与应用

石门揭煤时,断层的存在会增大发生灾害的危险性,尤其是高角度断层对煤层和瓦斯赋存特征影响较大.做好石门揭煤过程中高角度断层加固工作可以有效防范灾害的发生.从理论上分析了注浆加固对高角度断层围岩力学性能的影响,视浆液为宾汉流体,基于平板渗流模型,考虑浆液自重,建立了高角度断层内浆射流模型,推导出浆液的扩散半径表达式.将该理论应用于鹤煤八矿-655 m水平轨道石门揭煤点处30F4高角度断层注浆加固.结果表明,通过注浆加固提高了断层围岩的整体性和稳定性,有效预防了断层可能引发的灾害事故,实现了石门安全揭煤.     

Safety in construction – a comprehensive description of the characteristics of high safety standards in construction work, from the combined perspective of supervisors and experienced workers

Introduction

The often applied engineering approach to safety management in the construction industry needs to be supplemented by organizational measures and measures based on how people conceive and react to their social environment. This requires in-depth knowledge of the broad preconditions for high safety standards in construction. The aim of the study was to comprehensively describe the preconditions and components of high safety standards in the construction industry from the perspective of both experienced construction workers and first-line managers.

Method

Five worker safety representatives and 19 first-line managers were interviewed, all strategically selected from within a large Swedish construction project. Phenomenographic methodology was used for data acquisition and analysis and to categorize the information. Nine informants verified the results.

Results

The study identified four main categories of work safety preconditions and components: (1) Project characteristics and nature of the work, which set the limits of safety management; (2) Organization and structures, with the subcategories planning, work roles, procedures, and resources; (3) Collective values, norms, and behaviors, with the subcategories climate and culture, and interaction and cooperation; and (4) Individual competence and attitudes, with the subcategories knowledge, ability and experience, and individual attitudes.

Discussion

The results comprehensively describe high safety standards in construction, incorporating organizational, group, individual, and technical aspects. High-quality interaction between different organizational functions and hierarchical levels stood out as important aspects of safety. The results are discussed in relation to previous research into safety and into the social-psychological preconditions for other desired outcomes in occupational settings.

Impact on Industry

The results can guide construction companies in planning and executing construction projects to a high safety standard.     

泄爆导管对球形容器内气体爆炸泄放过程影响的试验

设计了球形容器内气体爆炸通过导管泄爆的试验系统,选用体积分数为10%(特殊说明除外)的甲烷和空气预混气体开展试验,研究了泄爆导管长度、容器容积、点火位置、气体体积分数、破膜压力等因素的影响。结果表明:泄爆导管越长,容器内的正压力峰值和负压力峰值越大;密闭爆炸时,球形容器的容积对爆炸压力峰值几乎无影响;不同容积球形容器内气体爆炸通过相同导管泄爆时(导管长度均为6 m,直径均为0.06 m),容积大的容器内的压力锋值为小容器压力值的3.3倍,且大容器内的压力上升速率也明显高于密闭爆炸的情况;有泄爆导管存在时,尾部点火容器内的压力峰值高于中心点火;泄爆导管的存在使得容器内的压力峰值高于直接泄爆时的压力峰值;无论有、无泄爆导管,容器内的压力峰值均随破膜压力增加而增加,但差值越来越小,说明导管的存在对容器爆炸泄爆过程的影响趋向缓和,但导管的存在总是阻碍了泄爆过程,增加了爆炸的严重程度,因此,在泄爆设计时要充分考虑导管的影响,适当提高容器自身的耐压强度。     

球接管容器气体爆炸尺寸效应的试验研究与数值分析

为了解尺寸对球形容器连接管道甲烷-空气混合物爆炸的影响规律,利用Fluent软件,采用κ-ε湍流模型、涡耗散模型(简称EDC模型)、壁面热耗散、热辐射模型及SIMPLE算法,建立了球形容器连接管道内甲烷-空气混合物爆炸的数值模型,对容器与管道内甲烷-空气预混气体爆炸的尺寸效应进行了数值模拟。结果表明:随管道内径增大,球形容器内最大爆炸压力逐渐增大,管道末端最大爆炸压力变化无明显规律;而随管道长度增加,球形容器内最大爆炸压力逐渐减小;改变管道内径,较大体积球形容器内最大爆炸压力均大于较小体积球形容器内最大爆炸压力,最大爆炸压力上升速率的规律则相反,容器体积对管道末端最大爆炸压力的影响无明显规律。     

基于斜坡单元的浅层滑坡风险区划——以华南松岗河小流域为例

针对华南丘陵山区浅层滑坡灾害的形成机理及特征,对滑坡风险影响因素进行重点研究和筛选,提出了丘陵山区浅层滑坡灾害风险分析指标体系及其区划方法。从浅层滑坡的发生机理出发,选用斜坡单元作为山区滑坡灾害风险区划的基本单元,并利用DEM完成单元的划分。将影响滑坡灾害形成的地形起伏度、坡度、坡向、岩土结构面特征、地层岩性、风化层厚度、开垦切坡强度、居民点切坡强度、道路切坡强度九项因子作为小流域山区滑坡灾害的危险性指标,以道路密度、建设强度和开垦强度指数作为易损性指标,建立浅层滑坡灾害风险评价指标体系。最后,通过风险评价模型进行风险评价和区划。