磁性有序介孔碳的制备及其对水中双酚A的吸附

采用水热法成功制备了磁性有序介孔碳（Fe-OMC）,用于吸附水中双酚A （BPA）.采用高倍投射电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、比表面积分析仪和振动样品磁强计对Fe-OMC进行表征.结果表明,该吸附剂具备较大的比表面积、独特的有序介孔孔道结构、丰富的含氧官能团以及较强的超顺磁性.Fe-OMC能够高效地吸附去除水中的BPA,平衡吸附量可达72.62mg/g,经过外加磁场分离回收后依旧具备较好的吸附性能.随着BPA浓度从1mg/L提高到20mg/L,其平衡吸附量由8.33mg/g增至91.78mg/g.随着pH值的升高呈现出先降低后升高再降低的趋势,最高吸附量出现在pH=8（75.34mg/g）.Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型进行描述.计算的热力学参数表明,Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程是自发进行的放热过程.     

磁性有序介孔碳的制备及其对水中双酚A的吸附

采用水热法成功制备了磁性有序介孔碳（Fe-OMC）,用于吸附水中双酚A （BPA）.采用高倍投射电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、比表面积分析仪和振动样品磁强计对Fe-OMC进行表征.结果表明,该吸附剂具备较大的比表面积、独特的有序介孔孔道结构、丰富的含氧官能团以及较强的超顺磁性.Fe-OMC能够高效地吸附去除水中的BPA,平衡吸附量可达72.62mg/g,经过外加磁场分离回收后依旧具备较好的吸附性能.随着BPA浓度从1mg/L提高到20mg/L,其平衡吸附量由8.33mg/g增至91.78mg/g.随着pH值的升高呈现出先降低后升高再降低的趋势,最高吸附量出现在pH=8（75.34mg/g）.Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型进行描述.计算的热力学参数表明,Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程是自发进行的放热过程.     

城市污水处理厂内分泌干扰物浓度分布和去除规律

采集南方某城市3个污水处理厂进出水及各工艺单元的水样,通过固相萃取-衍生化过程对水样进行预处理,并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪定量检测水样中的17α-雌二醇(17α-E2)、雌酮(E1)、雌二醇(E2)、雌炔醇(EE2)、雌三醇(E3)、辛基酚(OP)、正壬基酚(NP)和双酚A(BPA)等8种内分泌干扰物(EDCs).连续4个季度的分析结果显示,3个污水厂进出水及各工艺单元中均有EDCs检出,EE2和BPA是含量最高的两种EDCs,出水中最高浓度分别达到498.9ng.L-1和2652.5ng.L-1,其他6种EDCs浓度均不超过100ng.L-1;生物处理工艺对EE2、E3、NP、OP和BPA有较高的去除率,平均去除率约为57%～85%,但对于E1、E2和17α-E2的去除率较低且不稳定;一级处理工艺对EDCs仅有低于18%的去除率;紫外辐照消毒工艺对EDCs的去除没有明显效果;EDCs浓度季节差异显著,由于雨水的稀释作用,旱季浓度约为雨季的2.5～7.8倍.本文对于了解我国南方地区污水处理工艺中EDCs类物质的分布和转化特点有一定的参考意义.     

Functionalized CMK-3 mesoporous carbon with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole for Hg(II) removal from aqueous media

Ordered mesoporous carbon（CMK-3） was synthesized and functionalized with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole groups（AMT-OCMK-3） for Hg（Ⅱ） removal from aqueous solution. The modified CMK-3 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2adsorption-desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of solution pH, contact time, initial Hg（Ⅱ） concentration and matrix effect were studied. The adsorption data were successfully fitted with the Langmuir model, exhibiting high adsorption capacity of 450.45 mg/g of AMT-OCMK-3. In the solid-phase extraction system a series of experimental parameters such as sample flow rate, sample volume,eluent volume and concentration of the eluent solution have been investigated and established for preconcentration of Hg（Ⅱ） in aqueous solution. The results showed that the enrichment factor for Hg（Ⅱ） was 250, the precision（relative standard deviation（RSD）, %） for six replicate measurements was 2.05% and the limit of detection for Hg（Ⅱ） was achieved at0.17 μg/L.     

夏季渤海表层沉积物中壬基酚和双酚A的分布特征与潜在生态风险

分析了渤海表层沉积物中壬基酚和双酚A的分布特征。结果表明,壬基酚的含量介于(3.16～13.6)×10-9(dw),高值区出现在渤海湾近岸,其次为辽东半岛近岸和莱州湾近岸,其它海区的含量均低于7.50×10-9(dw),且变化幅度较小。渤海沉积物中的双酚A含量普遍较低,介于(ND～1.44)×10-9(dw),高值区出现在辽东湾近岸。壬基酚和双酚A的含量分布受到陆源输入、环流体系及沉积环境等因素的共同影响。本文还讨论了渤海中壬基酚和双酚A的潜在生态风险。     

3D介孔TiO_2微米球的制备及其光催化降解双酚A的研究

利用水热方法,无需模板一步合成3D介孔TiO2光催化剂.然后采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、高分辨电子显微镜（HRTEM）和N2吸附-解吸BET技术对其组织结构进行表征,以双酚A为目标物对比介孔TiO2光催化剂和市售P25的光催化性能,并研究了不同温度下TiO2的相变及热重分析（TGA）.结果表明,...     

山东半岛典型海湾中烷基酚及双酚A的分布特征

烷基酚和双酚A是环境中最常见的内分泌干扰物。本研究对烟台四十里湾和套子湾以及青岛胶州湾表层海水中的壬/辛基酚(NP/OP)、壬/辛基酚单聚氧乙烯醚(NP1EO/OP1EO)以及双酚A(BPA)的浓度水平进行分析,结果显示:NP和NP1EO是最主要的污染物,河口和港口是海湾中污染物浓度最高的区域。总体而言,四十里湾中各污染物的浓度最高,其次为胶州湾,套子湾最低,与国内其他海湾区域相比,污染状况处于中等水平。相对于2005年,胶州湾水体中的烷基酚浓度明显降低。文章同时分析了几个湾的主要入海河流河水样品以及烟台污水处理厂出厂水样,发现污水处理厂出水是烟台四十里湾烷基酚的主要来源。在三个海湾中,烷基酚的分布主要受河流输入、生活污水排放和港口经济活动影响,同时,洋流和潮汐的稀释作用对污染物分布有明显影响。     

石墨相氮化碳同质结光催化处理水中双酚A

通过甲醇辅助溶剂热预处理,设计和制备了石墨相氮化碳同质结光催化剂(x％MeCN-CN).利用TEM、XRD、FTIR、XPS、UV-Vis DRS、PL、EIS等手段对所制备催化剂进行表征分析.以水中双酚A(BPA)为目标污染物,考察了所得催化剂的光催化降解性能,通过活性物种捕获实验探究反应机制.结果表明,在模拟太阳光...     

Adsorption of benzene,cyclohexane and hexane on ordered mesoporous carbon

Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) with high specific surface area and large pore volume was synthesized and tested for use as an adsorbent for volatile organic compound (VOC) disposal. Benzene, cyclohexane and hexane were selected as typical adsorbates due to their different molecular sizes and extensive utilization in industrial processes. In spite of their structural differences, high adsorption amounts were achieved for all three adsorbates, as the pore size of OMC is large enough for the access of these VOCs. In addition, the unusual bimodal-like pore size distribution gives the adsorbates a higher diffusion rate compared with conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve. Kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption barriers mainly originated from the difficulty of VOC vapor molecules entering the pore channels of adsorbents. Therefore, its superior adsorption ability toward VOCs, together with a high diffusion rate, makes the ordered mesoporous carbon a promising potential adsorbent for VOC disposal.     

Adsorption of benzene, cyclohexane and hexane on ordered mesoporous carbon

Ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC) with high specific surface area and large pore volume was synthesized and tested for use as an adsorbent for volatile organic compound(VOC)disposal. Benzene, cyclohexane and hexane were selected as typical adsorbates due to their different molecular sizes and extensive utilization in industrial processes. In spite of their structural differences, high adsorption amounts were achieved for all three adsorbates, as the pore size of OMC is large enough for the access of these VOCs. In addition, the unusual bimodal-like pore size distribution gives the adsorbates a higher diffusion rate compared with conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve. Kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption barriers mainly originated from the difficulty of VOC vapor molecules entering the pore channels of adsorbents. Therefore, its superior adsorption ability toward VOCs, together with a high diffusion rate, makes the ordered mesoporous carbon a promising potential adsorbent for VOC disposal.     

内分泌干扰物在城市污水处理厂中的行为和归趋：综述

内分泌干扰物作为一类新型污染物,由于其在环境水体中微量的浓度即可对野生动物产生内分泌干扰效应,因此引起了人们的广泛关注.本文以两类主要内分泌干扰物(即类固醇雌激素和酚类内分泌干扰物)作为研究对象,综述了它们在城市污水处理厂中的浓度水平以及相应的去除效率,并探讨了不同生物处理工艺、运行操作条件等对去除效率的影响.此外,通...     

介孔氮化碳对水中全氟辛烷磺酸的吸附去除研究

以SBA-15为模板、四氯化碳和乙二胺为前驱体,通过聚合反应制备了介孔氮化碳(Mesoporous Carbon Nitride,MCN).同时,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和元素分析等手段对MCN进行了表征分析,并考察了MCN对水中全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的吸附性能.结果表明,MCN吸附PFOS的过程符合准二级动力学模型,其吸附行为遵循Langmuir等温线模型;MCN吸附去除PFOS的效率受溶液pH值、溶液温度及共存离子等因素的影响,其中,溶液pH值的影响最为显著,当溶液pH值分别为2.2和10.6时,MCN对PFOS的去除率分别为98.15%和5.59%;吸附PFOS饱和后的MCN可以用0.1 mol·L-1NaOH溶液进行解吸,经5次循环/再生后的MCN对PFOS的去除率仍在95%以上.与介孔碳(CMK-3)和活性炭(AC)相比,MCN对PFOS显示出更优越的吸附能力.     

双酚A对昆明小鼠免疫毒性的研究

为了研究双酚A对小鼠的免疫毒性,实验设立3个剂量的染毒组(分别为240、480和960 mg·kg-1)和1个未处理对照组,考察昆明种小鼠经口染毒21 d后,双酚A对小鼠脏器系数、免疫球蛋白水平、淋巴细胞增殖、NK细胞活性及脾淋巴细胞亚群比例的影响,并采用HE染色法观察脾脏和胸腺组织的病理变化.结果显示:双酚A染毒后,小鼠的脾脏及胸腺组织受到不同程度的损伤,肝、脾系数增加,胸腺系数降低;血清中Ig G和Ig M水平降低,脾脏T淋巴细胞刺激指数、CD4+细胞及CD8+细胞比例升高,NK细胞毒作用减弱.表明双酚A染毒可损伤小鼠的免疫器官,导致其免疫功能紊乱.     

Adsorptive removal of resorcinol on a novel ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) employing COK-19 silica scaffold: Kinetics and equilibrium study

Phenolic compounds and their derivatives have been found in industrial wastewater, which pose threats to the natural environment. Ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC) has been identified as an ideal adsorbent possessing high specific surface area and large pore volume to alleviate these pollutants. A novel ordered mesoporous carbon was prepared using COK-19 template with the cubic Fm3 m structure for the first time. Ordered mesoporous silica COK-19 was synthesized and reported in 2015. Sucrose as the carbon precursor was impregnated into the mesopores of silica and converted to carbon through carbonization process using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Ordered mesoporous carbon was obtained after the removal of silica framework using hydrofluoric acid. Boric acid was employed for the preparation of OMCs with tunable pore sizes in the range of 6.9–16.6 nm. Several characterization techniques such as nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscope(TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Boehm titration and elemental analysis were employed to characterize the OMCs. The pore size analysis and TEM images confirmed that OMC has replicated the mesostructure of the COK-19. Results obtained from adsorption kinetics and isotherms suggest that the Pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm well described the experimental data.     

Heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of 4-chlorophenol using iron/ordered mesoporous carbon catalyst

Ordered mesoporous carbon supported iron catalysts(Fe/OMC) were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method and investigated in Fenton-like degradation of 4-chlorophenol(4CP) in this work. XRD and TEM characterization showed that the iron oxides were well dispersed on the OMC support and grew bigger with the increasing calcination temperature. The catalyst prepared with a lower calcination temperature showed higher decomposition efficiency towards 4CP and H2O2, but more metals were leached. The effect of different operational parameters such as initial pH, H2O2 dosage, and reaction temperature on the catalytic activity was evaluated. The results showed that 96.1% of 4CP and 47.4% of TOC was removed after 270 min at 30°C, initial pH of 3 and 6.6 mmol/L H2O2. 88% of 4CP removal efficiency was retained after three successive runs, indicating Fe/OMC a stable catalyst for Fenton reaction. 4CP was degraded predominately by the attack of hydroxyl radical formed on the catalyst surface and in the bulk solution due to iron leaching. Based on the degradation intermediates detected by high performance liquid chromatography, possible oxidation pathways were proposed during the 4CP degradation.     

铁改性掺氮碳纤维活化过一硫酸盐降解双酚A

通过静电纺丝制备了 Fe和N掺杂改性的碳纳米纤维(Fe-N-CNF),研究了该催化剂活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)降解双酚A(BPA)的性能.以聚丙烯腈为前驱体通过添加FeCl3、尿素、NH4Cl、均苯四甲酸二酐等配制溶胶进行静电纺丝,预氧化并高温碳化后获得Fe-N-CNF,研究了 Fe-N-CNF投加量、PPMS投加量、溶...     

混凝-膜过滤中滤饼层对双酚A的去除强化作用研究

以聚合氯化铝(PAC)和氯化铁(FeCl3)为混凝剂,分析了双酚A(BPA)在1g/L高岭土溶液混凝过程中的特征.并借助循环错流过滤强化污染层累积的方法,评价产生滤饼层的微滤(MF)膜对BPA的截留效果.结果表明:清洁的微滤膜过滤BPA溶液在短时间内达到截留吸附饱和,之后其对BPA的吸附截留作用显著降低;混凝絮体混合液经膜过滤时产生的污染层有利于BPA的去除,且单独混凝对BPA去除率最高的混凝剂投加量下进行膜过滤时的阻力较小.PAC混凝—膜过滤后BPA去除率比单独混凝提高了34.30%;FeCl3混凝—膜过滤后BPA去除率比单独混凝提高了28.38%.初始BPA浓度对混凝-膜过滤去除率有一定影响,BPA浓度为100μg/L时,比BPA浓度为5mg/L时采用2种混凝-微滤膜过滤方式去除率均有提高.     

苏州河底泥3种内分泌干扰物的空间分布及环境风险

应用气相色谱质谱联用方法对苏州河及其支流底泥中3种环境内分泌干扰物壬基酚(NP)、辛基酚(4-t-OP)和双酚A(BPA)的含量进行检测和调查,结果表明,这3种物质在河流底泥中的浓度变幅分别为<1.0～5 800、<0.10～39和0.90～180μg.kg-1,空间分异显著.总体上看,底泥污染物浓度与河流周边人为活动密集程度有关:在苏州河上海市区段底泥的含量显著地高于上海远郊和江苏省内河段底泥含量;苏州河支流底泥中的含量显著高于苏州河干流底泥含量.苏州河及其支流底泥中这3种内分泌干扰物两两之间,存在显著正相关,说明其有相似的物源.以含量较高的壬基酚为例,进行底泥环境内分泌干扰物的风险评估,结果表明,除苏州河江苏省内吴家港桥段外,其它河段均存在潜在的生态毒害风险,需采取相应的防范措施.     

海洋环境中内分泌干扰物对无脊椎动物的影响

海洋环境中内分泌扰乱化学物质(即"内分泌干扰物",EDCs)主要来源于陆源污染和海上排污。它们包含多种类型,其作用机理复杂,表现出拟天然激素或抗天然激素的作用。笔者着重介绍了EDCs对软体动物、甲壳动物、棘皮动物以及多毛类环节动物等几类海洋无脊椎动物在形态结构、生理、生殖以及生长发育等方面的影响及研究进展,揭示了其危害的严重性以及在该领域中所存在的巨大的研究空间,同时还探讨了海洋环境中EDCs研究的发展趋势。      

光驱动CQDs/PCN催化活化过硫酸盐降解双酚A

以柠檬酸和尿素为原料制备了碳量子点(CQDs),并采用热聚合法将CQDs分散在聚合物氮化碳(PCN)纳米片的表面(CQDs/PCN).通过SEM、TEM、XRD等测试技术对所制备的材料进行表征,证明了CQDs成功负载在PCN上.在模拟太阳光的条件下,考察了CQDs/PCN光催化活化过硫酸盐(PDS)对双酚A(BPA)的光催化性能.结果表明BPA在10min时降解率达到99.99%,且重复使用4次后仍能去除85%以上的BPA,说明该材料具有良好的重复性与稳定性.自由基猝灭实验表明CQDs/PCN-PDS光催化过程主要通过超氧自由基(·O₂^ˉ)、单线态氧(¹O₂)和空穴(h⁺)的作用降解BPA,推测了CQDs/PCN-PDS光催化去除BPA可能的反应机理.此外,通过分析光催化氧化中间产物,提出了BPA可能的降解路径.本研究为BPA的快速、高效降解提供了可能性,也为BPA降解提供了一种新的思路.