技术服务台

科研成果转让:1.高浓度,低浓度含酚废水制油漆技术:本技术适用于油漆厂的含酚废水.高浓度含酚废水(酚含量50±3%)一步法生产220-1酚醛树脂,炼制酚醛漆料和配制酚醛色漆。低浓度含酚废水(酚含量平均值7.253%,醛含量平均值3.245%)经碱性催化缩聚,松香改性制得220-2酚醛树脂,     

利用高低浓度含酚废水制油漆

生产酚醛树脂时产生的含酚、醛废水,分为高浓度和低浓度两级。高浓度含酚量约50%,低浓度含酚量约7%,含醛量约3%。根据酚醛催化缩合原理,高浓度含酚废水,补加甲醛后缩合生产油溶性酚醛树脂220-1;低浓度含酚废水先经碱性催化缩合生成醇溶性酚醛树脂,再改性成为油溶性酚醛树脂220-2。220-1和220-2用于生产酚醛漆料和配制酚醛色漆。     

国内简讯

含酚废水处理新方法南化公司防腐材料厂开发了一种处理高浓度含酚废水新技术。该厂在生产酚醛树脂过程中,排出的废水含酚量高达30g/L,采用缩聚-树脂吸附法处理后,出水的酚含量可达石油化工污水排放标准。具体的处理方法是,将含酚废水(30g/L)、甲醛、催化剂(NaOH浓液)按一定比例加入反应釜内,搅拌加热至92℃左右,维持微沸一小时(以不出现釜内气体冷凝液回流为好),然后冷却至65℃以下,卸出物料并静置于废水槽内,待明显分层后,回收下层的酚醛树脂再用。将上层废水吸入酸化槽内,用硫     

双酚A生产中含酚废酸、废水处理

在以苯酚和丙酮为原料、硫酸作催化剂、“591”或硫基乙酸作助催化剂的硫酸改良法合成双酚 A 的工艺过程中,每生产1吨粗双酚 A 约产生含酚废酸4—5吨(含酸25—30%、含酚8000—10000ppm),同时还产生微酸性含酚废水8—10吨(含酸0.5%,含酚4000—6000ppm)。对上述废酸、废水问题国外主要通过改革工艺,采用氯化氢法或离子交换树脂法解决。目前国内有些厂利用本单位的含醛废水与含酚废酸、废水混合,然后加热使酚醛缩合,达到综合治理目的。在无含     

科研与工作简报

南京工农化工厂酚醛塑料生产规模为1000吨/年,每天产生含酚废水1吨。水质情况:酚30000—40000毫克/升;醛10000—50000毫克/升;COD10000—30000毫克/升;pH1.0。废水直接排入水体,造成环境污染和资源浪费。该厂1983年根据文献报道,采用水煤粉吸附脱酚法进行处理。选用南化公     

活性炭生物膜-射流曝气法处理含酚污水

活性炭生物膜—射流曝气法处理工业废水具有处理效果好,有机物负荷高、流程简单、占地面积小等特点。本文叙述了用此法处理含酚废水除酚效果显著,挥发酚的去除率为99.4％以上,出水含酚量低于国家規定的排放标准。     

液膜技术处理含酚废水

利用液膜技术处理含酚废水,可使萃取和反萃取同时进行,一步完成,出水含酚量可达到排放标准或接近排放标准。试验证明,以表面活性剂205做乳化剂,乳化性能良好,乳浊液稳定;转盘塔是液膜技术处理含酚废水的有效设备。     

对三氯乙醛废硫酸含醛测定的看法

在废硫酸除醛试验和环境监测中,我们采用吡啶-碱比色法测定废硫酸中三氯乙醛和三氯乙酸含量,用一套永久色阶作为目视比色标准,此方法经化工部化工司审定为统一分析方法。但此方法仅适用于含醛量高的、未经除醛处理的废硫酸中醛的测定。为使统一分析方法适用于处理后废硫酸中低含量醛的测定,根据实践提出改进的看法,供参考。1.关于标准色阶的配制统一方法中规定的三氯乙醛标准色阶,仅适用于未经处理的废硫酸。经除醛处理后的废硫酸含醛量仅几毫克/升,测定时废硫酸样品的稀释倍数应降低,如稀释10、5、     

导流电解法处理含酚废水的研究

阐述了电解法处理废水的基本原理。通过试验确定了用该法处理含酚废水的最佳工艺条件,出水的酚浓度、pH均达到国家排放标准。该法工艺过程简单,处理效果好,无二次污染。经济分析结果表明,该法处理含酚废水的费用低于传统的电解法。     

酚醛废水的综合利用

对酚醛树脂生产过程中产生的工艺废水,一般是先进行加酸缩聚一级处理,从中回收部分低分子量的树脂。但是,经过一级处理后的废水中,有害物质含量仍远远超过国家排放标准,其中酚、醛的含量在０．１％以上。因此,必须进行二级处理,采用的处理方法主要有吸附法,化学法、生化法、萃取法、液膜法等。由于废水中的少量低分子树脂对二级处理的影响很大,所以处理设施投资大,工艺操作复杂,处理费用高,且处理后的废水仍难于达标。保温涂料是近几年开发的一种新型保温隔热涂料。它是以多种优质、轻体无机矿物为主要原料,配以多种粘合剂,采…     

用酚渣油制备酚渣油树脂

用酚渣油为原料，模拟酚醛树脂合成方法，对酚渣油的催化交联、松香改性等化学过程进行了研究，合成出性能良好、可用于制备涂料与胶粘剂的酚渣油树脂。试验结果表明，依照该工艺生产的酚渣油树脂，其主要技术指标达到制备涂料用酚醛树脂的标准，用酚渣油制备的涂料和胶粘剂的性能优于酚醛树脂。     

废弃线路板热解油合成改性酚醛树脂

以废弃线路板热解油为原料,采用碱溶—中和—萃取工艺提取其中以苯酚为主的粗酚,并合成改性酚醛树脂。合成硼酸改性酚醛树脂的优化工艺条件为n(粗酚)∶n(外加苯酚)=2∶3,n(粗酚+外加苯酚)∶n(甲醛)∶n(NaOH)∶n(硼酸)=1∶1.5∶0.15∶0.17;合成有机硅改性酚醛树脂的优化工艺条件为n(粗酚)∶n(外加苯酚)=2∶3,n(粗酚+外加苯酚)∶n(甲醛)∶n(NaOH)∶n(正硅酸乙酯)=1∶1.3∶0.1∶0.1。所合成的硼酸改性和有机硅改性酚醛树脂的主要性能指标均满足YB/T4131—2005《耐火材料用酚醛树脂》中牌号为PFn-5301的热固性液体树脂性能的要求。     

高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水的预处理

采用二次缩合反应预处理高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水。一次反应的最佳工艺条件为：甲醛加入量0.010 0 mL/mL,Ba（OH）2加入量0.005 g/mL,反应时间3 h,反应温度85 ℃。最佳工艺条件下的一次反应COD去除率为 52.9%。二次反应中,当反应温度为80 ℃、反应时间为3 h、尿素加入量为3 g/L时,二次反应COD去除率最高,为31.5%。COD=85 000 mg/L、ρ（挥发酚）= 12 000 mg/L、ρ（甲醛）=6 740 mg/L的废水经两次缩合反应处理后,出水中COD=27 400 mg/L,COD的总去除率为67.8%;ρ（挥发酚）=2 400 mg/L,挥发酚的总去除率达80.0%;ρ（甲醛）= 980 mg/L,甲醛的总去除率达84.9%。处理1 t废水还可回收酚醛树脂6.75 kg。     

微电解-UASB-接触氧化处理酚醛树脂废水

采用微电解一上流式厌氧污泥床（Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed,简称UASB）-接触氧化工艺处理酚醛树脂生产废水（简称废水）。实验结果表明：采用微电解法对废水进行预处理,不仅去除了约36％COD,还大幅度提高了废水的可生化性;微电解出水经UASB厌氧生物处理后,COD去除率达80％;水解酸化COD去除率约为30％;最后经二级接触氧化处理,出水COD为100mg／L以下,达到GB8978--1996《污水综合排放标准》中化工类废水的二级排放标准。     

微电解—芬顿氧化工艺预处理高浓度松香改性酚醛树脂生产废水

为了降低松香改性酚醛树脂生产废水的COD并改善其可生化性,采用微电解—芬顿氧化工艺对该废水进行预处理。研究了pH、微电解反应时间、曝气、双氧水投加量等对微电解和芬顿氧化处理效果的影响,考察了COD去除率和BOD₅/COD值的变化趋势。实验结果表明：曝气条件下,调节废水pH为4、进行2次微电解、微电解反应时间各2.0 h时,废水的COD去除率为38%,BOD₅/COD值提高为0.18;再投加7.5%（w）的双氧水,废水的COD去除率为65.3%,BOD₅/COD值为0.37。采用微电解—芬顿氧化的预处理工艺,不仅有效去除了废水的COD,而且显著改善了废水的可生化性。     

Compression Molding of Phenolic Resin and Corn-based DDGS Blends

With the rapid growth in the ethanol fuel industry in recent years, considerable research is being devoted to optimizing the use of processing coproducts, such as distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), in livestock diets. Because these residues contain high fiber levels, they may be amendable to incorporation into bio-based composites. Thus, the goal of this study was to demonstrate the viability of using corn-based DDGS as a biofiller with phenolic resin, in order to produce a novel biomaterial. DDGS was blended with phenolic resin at 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 90%, by weight, and then compression molded at 51 MPa (3.7 tons/in²) and 174 °C (345°F). Molded specimens were then tested for tensile strength. Tensile yield strengths ranged from 32 MPa (4,700 psi) to 7.6 MPa (1,100 psi), while the engineering strain ranged from 0.6% to 1.25%. Results indicate that DDGS concentrations between 25% and 50% retained sufficient mechanical strength and thus represent reasonable inclusion values. Additionally, data were similar to those from other studies that have investigated biofillers. Follow-up studies should quantify the effects of altering molding parameters, including molding pressure, temperature, and time, as well as pretreatment of the DDGS. Additionally, strength of the DDGS composites should be optimized through the use of coupling agents or other additives. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the United States Department of Agriculture and does not imply approval of a product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.     

Properties of Distillers Grains Composites: A Preliminary Investigation

Interest in renewable biofuel sources has intensified in recent years, leading to greatly increased production of ethanol and its primary coproduct, Distillers Dried Grain with Solubles (DDGS). Consequently, the development of new outlets for DDGS has become crucial to maintaining the economic viability of the industry. In light of these developments, this preliminary study aimed to determine the suitability of DDGS for use as a biofiller in low-cost composites that could be produced by rapid prototyping applications. The effects of DDGS content, particle size, curing temperature, and compression on resulting properties, such as flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, water activity, and color were evaluated for two adhesive bases. The composites formed with phenolic resin glue were found to be greatly superior to glue in terms of mechanical strength and durability: resin-based composites had maximum fiber stresses of 150–380 kPa, while glue composites had values between 6 kPa and 35 kPa; additionally, glue composites experienced relatively rapid microbial growth. In the resin composites, both decreased particle size and increased compression resulted in increased mechanical strength, while a moderate DDGS content was found to increase flexural strength but decrease Young’s modulus. These results indicate that DDGS has the potential to be used in resin glue-based composites to both improve flexural strength and improve potential biodegradability.     

Recovery of materials from waste printed circuit boards by vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum centrifugal separation

In this research, a two-step process consisting of vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum centrifugal separation was employed to treat waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Firstly, WPCBs were pyrolysed under vacuum condition at 600 °C for 30 min in a lab-scale reactor. Then, the obtained pyrolysis residue was heated under vacuum until the solder was melted, and then the molten solder was separated from the pyrolysis residue by the centrifugal force. The results of vacuum pyrolysis showed that the type-A of WPCBs (the base plates of which was made from cellulose paper reinforced phenolic resin) pyrolysed to form an average of 67.97 wt.% residue, 27.73 wt.% oil, and 4.30 wt.% gas; and pyrolysis of the type-B of WPCBs (the base plates of which was made from glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin) led to an average mass balance of 72.20 wt.% residue, 21.45 wt.% oil, and 6.35 wt.% gas. The results of vacuum centrifugal separation showed that the separation of solder was complete when the pyrolysis residue was heated at 400 °C, and the rotating drum was rotated at 1200 rpm for 10 min. The pyrolysis oil and gas can be used as fuel or chemical feedstock after treatment. The pyrolysis residue after solder separation contained various metals, glass fibers and other inorganic materials, which could be recycled for further processing. The recovered solder can be reused directly and it can also be a good resource of lead and tin for refining.     

Degradation of Phenolic Resin by Tremetes versicolor

A phenolic resin that is used as syntan in leather manufacturing was degraded using Tremetes versicolor. On degradation of this resin for eight days, the reduction in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were 65.11, 76.66 and 72.94% respectively. It was found from the infra red (IR) spectra of the samples that up to seven days the aromaticity was not perturbed however there were reductions in BOD and COD. Addition of co-substrate starch, brought about reduction in BOD, COD and TOC by 85.36, 91.93 and 89.98% respectively. After eight days, there observed a disturbance in the aromatic ring. The enzyme was extracted and assayed for polyphenol oxidase and laccase. Polyphenol oxidase activity and laccase activity of the crude enzyme were found to be 31.4 and 1.67 U/mL. On ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis, the polyphenol oxidase activity and laccase activity were enhanced by 1.5- and 3.2-folds respectively.     

Performance of Pultruded Jute Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Composites as Building Materials for Door Frame

The pultruded jute/phenolic composites were aged under various humidity, hydrothermal and weathering conditions. Aging-induced effect of these conditions on the jute profiles was studied in terms of their physico-mechanical properties. It is observed that dimensional change of the profiles was only upto 4% even in an accelerated water aging condition. The effect of absorbed moisture/water on the jute profile was more pronounced in an accelerated water aging than the samples are being exposed to high humidity and alternate wetting and drying cycles. The changes in the values of internal bond strength of the profiles could be used as an indicator because of its sensitivity towards aging. Accentuation of fibres on the weathered samples along with severe resin erosion has suggested to layer the surface of the profiles with rich resin prior to use in the outdoor. The properties of jute profile door frame were satisfactory when compared with the requirements mentioned in IS: 4021–83 – Indian standard specification for timber door, window and ventilator frames. Performance of the installed door frame has shown no sign of dimensional instability in terms of warping and bulging after 3 years. It is suggested that jute door frames could be used as an alternative to the wooden door frames in buildings.