制约中国废钢铁产业发展的主要因素

进入21世纪以来,我国的废钢铁回收、加工和综合利用业务,已经从传统的废钢铁加工业发展成为现代化的废钢铁产业.但由于没有形成强大的产业联盟,整体抗风险能力较差,影响了废钢铁产业的进一步发展针对这一现状,指出并分析了制约我国废钢铁产业发展的主要因素.     

关于资源再生经济的企业思考(一)——回眸历史咀嚼个中酸甜苦辣

从市场机制的导入,产业经营的传承,行业模式的变迁,经营方式的选择,资源的集中与对接等方面,回顾了再生资源行业过去30年的发展变化.     

基于价值网络构建的再生资源企业商业模式创新

在传统产业链视角下,再生资源企业往往面临自身竞争力不强、行业竞争激烈以及上下游压榨等难题。而从价值网络构建角度出发,对再生资源回收利用以及环卫、环保等相关产业关系进行重构,创新企业经营理念和实践模式,能够给传统再生资源行业的产业结构、运行模式、运行效率等带来变革式的影响。分析了产业链视角下再生资源产业的困境,并在阐述价值网络理论的基础上,提出对于再生资源产业运行的启示。以桑德集团有限公司为例,分析了其在构建、主导和运行资源环境价值网络中的做法与成效,最后提出资源环境价值网络未来发展的侧重点。     

再制造企业经营管理差异性分析

再制造产业是国家战略性新兴产业的组成部分,是制造业与服务业融合度较高的产业。结合再制造产业特征,分析了再制造企业发展的着力点,提出了再制造企业经营管理的六条原则,并从再制造企业发展定位和趋势入手,提出销售的市场导向原则和维护员工的人本管理是再制造企业经营的核心要素,并做了相应阐述。     

环境友好型材料的研究

材料产业是资源(能源)消耗和污染排放的主要责任者之一,并由此产生严重的生态环境问题.通过分析传统材料产业发展带来的能源和环境危机,阐述了环境友好型生态材料的内涵与研发内容,说明只有从系统的观点出发,了解与掌握发展环境友好型材料的技术途径,大力推广其研究与应用,才能最终实现人类与自然的协调发展.     

我国工业园区发展循环经济的问题及对策研究

工业园区发展循环经济对于促进工业园区的可持续发展意义重大.首先对工业园区发展循环经济的必要性进行论述,在此基础上,分析了我国工业园区循环经济发展的现状和发展过程中存在的问题,最后从工业园区企业的准入、传统工业园区的生态化改造、提升工业园区的产业价值链,以及构建绿色产品市场体系和绿色产品信息网络等方面提出了相应的对策建议.     

山东省“城市矿产”产业园区建设运营情况简析

经济与社会持续快速发展带来的原生资源日益短缺和环境污染严重现状,促使全社会高度重视"城市矿产"的开发利用。以具备产业聚集、土地集约、设施完备、生态环保特点的产业园区建设运营,推动"城市矿产"向着产业化经营、资源化利用和无害化处理的方向加快发展,是山东省近年来发展循环经济、建设生态文明的重要举措之一。重点介绍了山东省"城市矿产"产业园区建设运营的经验和做法以及今后的工作重点。     

抓住新机遇开创新局面

"物竞天择,适者生存"这一自然界的竞争法则同样也适用于市场经济中企业的发展规律.再生资源行业经过二十余年的市场洗礼,无论在资产结构、人员结构、经营结构还是经济模式、营销手段、竞争业态等都发生了巨大变化.在整个产业调整过程中,有的企业适应市场发展,就活了下来,并且逐步在行业中突显出来;有的企业不能适应市场经济的发展,就逐步在行业中消沉了;有的企业虽困难重重,但励志创新,力图东山再起.     

再生资源经营与政府管理

再生资源是21世纪唯一增长的资源,已成为全世界发展最快的朝阳产业。在发达国家,再生资源产业已经发展成为一个集“回收”与“再制造”为一体的独立产业,被称为第四产业。首先分析了再生资源经营的特征,并在此基础上研究出了再生资源经营管理具有“两不”发展规律,阐述了我国加强再生资源经营管理的意义,最后从政府的角度提出了加强再生资源经营管理的措施。     

创建汩罗模式建设再生资源加工园区——访中共汩罗市委常委、湖南汩罗工业园区管委会主任傅金华

再生资源产业是汩罗的一个传统产业。近年来,在政府的引导下,汩罗的再生资源产业由市场优势向产业优势转变,形成了一个由收购到加工的完整产业链条,且这个链条正在不断地延伸。从走街串户的废旧物资收购者到开店经营的个体工商户、回收公司,以及再生资源加工企业,从业人员发展到近4万人,回收公司146家,加工企业118家,一个再生资源的加工集群已经形成。2005年国家发改委将汩罗工业园区列入全国首批再生资源试点单位。经过几年的发展,当地政府在引导产业发展、破解中小企业融资难、税收征管及财税政策支持产业发展等方面进行了一系列的制度创新,形成了独具特色的“汩罗模式”。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyols and Polyurethane Foams from PET Waste and Crude Glycerol

In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste from post-consumer soft-drink bottles and crude glycerol from the biodiesel industry were used for the preparation of polyols and polyurethane foams. PET waste was firstly depolymerized by the glycolysis of diethylene glycol. The glycolyzed PET oligomers were then reacted with crude glycerol at different weight ratios to produce polyols via a series of reactions, such as esterification, transesterification, condensation, and polycondensation. The polyols were characterized by titration, viscometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry. Subsequently, polyurethane (PU) foams were made via the reaction between the produced polyols and polymeric methylene-4,4′-diphenyl diisocyanate and were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Polyols from crude glycerol and their PU foams were also prepared to compare properties with those of polyols and PU foams from PET and crude glycerol. The influence of aromatic segments existing in glycolyzed PET and glycerol content on the properties of the polyols and PU foams was investigated. It was found that aromatic segments of polyols from glycolyzed PET helped increase their molecular weights and improve thermal stability of PU foams, while high glycerol content in polyols increased the hydroxyl number of polyols and the density and compressive strength of PU foams.     

电厂建设运行中的水土流失预测与水土保持设计

在燃煤电厂建设运行的同时,将引起一系列的水土流失问题.以四川国电金堂电厂二期扩建工程为例,简要说明项目区水土流失预测的内容和方法,并在其基础上对可能产生的水土流失和危害进行了分析,同时介绍了建设期和运行期采取的综合防治措施,为类似工程的水土保持提供借鉴.     

磷对环境的污染及防治对策

我国水体富营养化严重，其主要控制因子是磷。在分析磷污染的污染状况，污染源的基础上，介绍了防治对策，采用低磷循环冷却水处理剂，减少磷排放，是防止工业磷污染的有效方法。     

Pyrolysis of virgin and waste polypropylene and its mixtures with waste polyethylene and polystyrene

A comparison of waste and virgin polypropylene (PP) plastics under slow pyrolysis conditions is presented. Moreover, mixtures of waste PP with wastes of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) were pyrolyzed under the same operating conditions. Not only the impact of waste on degradation products but also impacts of the variations in the mixing ratio were investigated. The thermogravimetric weight loss curves and their derivatives of virgin and waste PP showed differences due to the impurities which are dirt and food residues. The liquid yield distribution concerning the aliphatic, mono-aromatic and poly-aromatic compounds varies as the ratio of PP waste increases in the waste plastic mixtures. In addition to this, the alkene/alkane ratio of gas products shows variations depending on the mixing ratio of wastes.     

北京市居民衣服消费处置及对其回收利用认识调查与分析

首先对北京市居民每年购买新衣服的数量、支出、穿着时间、淘汰原因,以及闲置衣服的处理方式、数量等进行了调查与分析,然后对北京市居民对旧衣物回收利用的认识、回收形式及其处理方式,对旧衣物如何处理回收、再利用的担忧,对希望旧衣物回收箱摆放的场所等进行了调查与分析。其研究结果对废旧纺织品回收体系建设、制度及政策制定具有一定的参考价值。     

Photo-oxidation and Photo-toxicity of Crude and Refined Oils

The fate and effects of an oil spill are effected by solar radiation through the action of photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity. Photo-oxidation, an important process in the weathering of oil, produces a variety of oxidized compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, esters, epoxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, phenols, anhydrides, quinones and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Some of these compounds contribute to the marine biota toxicity observed after an oil spill. Photo-toxicity occurs when uptake of certain petroleum compounds, e.g. certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzothiophenes, is followed by solar exposure which results in much greater toxicity than after dark uptake. The mechanism of PAH photo-toxicity includes absorbance of solar radiation by the PAH which produces a free radical and this free radical in turn reacts with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA and other cellular macromolecules. While most studies on photo-toxicity have been carried out in the laboratory, there are studies showing that water from an oil spill is photo-toxic to bivalve embryos for at least a few days after the spill. Other studies have found that oil contaminated sediments are photo-toxic to several marine invertebrates. More studies are required to determine if marine fauna at an oil spill site are effected by the action of photo-toxicity and photo-oxidation.     

Novel and innovative pyrolysis and gasification technologies for energy efficient and environmentally sound MSW disposal

Within the context of European Union (EU) energy policy and sustainibility in waste management, recent EU regulations demand energy efficient and environmentally sound disposal methods of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Currently, landfill with its many drawbacks is the preferred option in the EU and many other industrialised countries. Within the waste management hierarchy thermal disposal especially incineration is a viable and proven alternative. But, the dominating method, mass-burn grate incineration has drawbacks as well particularly hazardous emissions and harmful process residues. In recent years, pyrolysis and gasification technologies have emerged to address these issues and improve the energy output. To keep the many players in the field comprehensively informed and up-to-date, novel and innovative technology approaches emphasising European developments are reviewed.     

高校环境管理和废弃物处理处置

高校是社会的一个特殊群体,承载着人才培养、科学研究、社会服务和文化传承创新等重任.解决好广大师生在日常工作、学习和生活中所产生的各类废弃物的处理处置问题,以及大学校园的环境规划和环境管理问题,是办好现代大学的重要工作.就高校面临的环境问题、高校环境管理的特殊性和高校废弃物处理处置中应该注意的问题等进行探讨.     

微生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用

近年来对微生物絮凝剂的研究不断深入，新的高效菌种不断被发现。简要介绍了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理、分关、絮凝效果及影响因素，重点介绍了新型微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用。     

Laboratory Experiments and Estimation of Cumulative Infiltration and Sorptivity

Soil water cumulative infiltration affects the environment by controlling the irrigation rate and consequently the water and pollutants movement through the ground. In order to study the cumulative infiltration in a sandy soil sample, experiments were performed in the laboratory. The sample was placed uniformly in a transparent column with an inner diameter of 6 cm. A constant head boundary condition of a 2 mm height was applied on the surface of the sample and the cumulative volume of the incoming water was measured. Soil moisture at four locations of the column was measured, by using the TDR method in order to obtain the moisture profiles. By comparing the values of the infiltrated water volumes with those calculated by the integration of the moisture profiles, a good agreement was found out. Also the Parlange theoretical model fitted very well with the infiltration experimental points.