建立“科学用能”机制,实施节能减排

"科学用能"是从能的梯级利用、清洁生产、资源再循环等基本科学原理出发,强调依靠科学技术来节能和提高能源利用率,推进用能的合理性与高效性."科学用能",主要包涵三个层面--科学使用能源、科学配置能源和科学管理能源.要树立科学发展观,要"科学用能",这是保证能源持续供应、提高能源利用效率和降低污染排放的关键途径,是建设资源节约型社会的重要保障.提高能源利用效率,减少环境污染,是国家发展的基本战略方针和基本国策.要建立和完善能源资源综合利用机制,建立和发展能源合作社,实现能源梯级利用.     

以科学发展观统领环境保护事业 用环境保护实践推动科学发展

深入学习实践科学发展观活动是用党的最新理论成果武装头脑,增强落实科学发展观坚定性的重大举措;是推进生态文明建设,解决影响和制约科学发展突出问题的迫切需要;是深化"五大建设",提高领导班子能力和干部队伍素质的必然要求.近年来,我们把为科学发展服务与实现自身科学发展紧密结合起来,坚持以科学发展观统领环境保护事业、指导环保工作,用环境保护实践推动科学发展、促进社会和谐,中央关于新时期环境保护决策部署的成效已经日益显现.     

基层环境保护工作呈现的矛盾及解决对策

本文对基层环境保护工作中存在的各种矛盾进行了剖析,为实现"以人为本"和"科学发展观"这一理念,为更有效地开展当前基层环保工作,从环保法制、监管职能、人才引用、领导决策等环节作出探讨并提出相应对策.     

周生贤：探索中国环保新道路要构建六大体系

环保部部长周生贤近日呼吁,要把环境保护当作落实科学发展观的自觉行动。科学发展,一看环保,二看民生。社会主义初级阶段既不能用停止发展的方式来保护环境,但也决不能忽视环保来搞发展。必须把环保放在国民经济发展的全局来考虑,推进绿色发展、清洁发展、节约发展和可持续发展。     

强化节能降耗组织管理打造绿色环保轨道交通

我国国民经济快速增长,各项建设工作取得巨大成就,在这些成绩背后我们却付出了巨大的资源和环境代价,经济发展与资源环境的矛盾日趋尖锐,群众对环境污染问题反应越发的强烈.国家"十一五"规划纲要提出, "十一五"期间单位国内生产总值能耗降低20%左右、主要污染物排放总量减少10%.这是贯彻落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会的重大举措;是建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的必然选择;是推进经济结构调整,转变增长方式的必由之路:是维护中华民族长远利益的必然要求.只有坚持节约发展、清洁发展、安全发展,才能实现经济又好又快发展[1][2].     

加快推动绿色消费，为经济高质量发展提供有力支撑

<正>随着绿色发展理念深入人心,生态文明制度改革不断深化,美丽中国建设加快推进,绿色消费的地位和作用日益突出。当前,中国既要充分发挥消费对经济增长的拉动作用,又要避免扩大消费带来的资源环境压力,推动绿色消费就成为中国经济实现高质量发展的必然选择。因此,如何引导社会各界培育形成绿色发展的内生动力,加快推动绿色消费发展就成为亟待解决的重要课题。     

加强生态环境保护与修复 建设美丽四川

正党的十八大以来,四川省委、省政府认真贯彻落实习近平总书记关于加强生态环境保护和对四川工作的重要指示精神,牢固树立践行"绿水青山就是金山银山"理念,坚定不移推进生态优先绿色发展,建设美丽四川。扎实推进长江经济带大保护切实担负起长江上游重要生态屏障和水源涵养地责任,把保护和修复长江生态环境摆在压倒性位置,坚持共抓大保护、不搞大开发,维护长江生态安全。一是科学谋划,规划引领。中共四川省委作     

从党的政治建设视角论伯恩施坦民主社会主义思想的危害——兼论伯恩施坦民主社会主义思潮对苏共亡党的影响

在我国理论界,一度有人认为伯恩施坦的民主社会主义具有"合理性",认为其民主社会主义思想"发展了"马克思主义。但实际上伯恩施坦的民主社会主义"修正"了马克思主义,否定马克思主义的指导地位,鼓吹阶级"调和"与阶级"合作",否定无产阶级政党和革命的最终目的,鼓吹"全民党"和"普遍民主"等,这些思想对无产阶级政党的政治建设危害巨大,破坏了党的团结和思想统一,使党丧失了先进性和纯洁性,对苏联亡党亡国起了巨大的推波助澜的作用。因此,揭露伯恩施坦的民主社会主义思想的实质意义重大。     

工业园区建设中的循环经济

20世纪80年代末90年代初,发达国家为了提高综合经济效益、避免环境污染,以生态环境理念为基础,重新规划产业发展,提出"循环经济"发展思路.本文阐述了工业园区建设循环经济的基本原则和推行循环经济的基本途径与对策以及生态工业园建设层次,并对循环经济推进措施进行论述.     

推进生态文明建设美丽中国——访辽宁省社会主义学院教授王扬

正改革开放以来,当代中国的经济社会发展,经历了由"以物为本"理念向"以人为本"理念,由传统工业文明发展模式向可持续的科学发展模式的历史性嬗变,其重大标志是科学发展观的提出和践行。科学发展观是开放的理论体系,其内容也在发展的实践中与时俱进、适时创新,     

Autopoiesis: a review and a reappraisal

The aim of the paper is to review critically the notion of autopoiesis as presented by Maturana and Varela. In particular, recognizing that there are difficulties in obtaining a complete and clear picture from the primary literature, an effort is made to present a coherent view--also based on many years of personal contact with Francisco Varela. The paper begins with a few historical notes to highlight the cultural background from which the notion of autopoiesis arose. The basic principles of autopoiesis as a theory of cellular life are then described, emphasizing also what autopoiesis is not: not an abstract theory, not a concept of artificial life, not a theory about the origin of life--but rather a pragmatic blueprint of life based on cellular life. It shown how this view leads to a conceptually clear definition of minimal life and to a logical link with related notions, such as self-organization, emergence, biological autonomy, auto-referentiality, and interactions with the environment. The perturbations brought about by the environment are seen as changes selected and triggered by the inner organization of the living. These selective coupling interactions impart meaning to the minimal life and are thus defined by Maturana and Varela with the arguable term of "cognition". This particular view on the mutual interactions between living organism and environment leads these authors to the notion of "enaction", and to the surprising view that autopoiesis and cognition are two complementary, and in a way equivalent, aspects of life. It is then shown how cognition, so defined, permits us to build a bridge between biology and cognitive science. Autopoiesis also allows one to conceive chemical models of minimal cellular life that can be implemented experimentally. The corresponding work on "chemical autopoiesis" is then reviewed. The surprising impact of autopoiesis in the social sciences ("social autopoiesis") is also briefly discussed. This review also comments on why the theory of autopoiesis had, and still has, a difficult time being accepted into the mainstream of life-science research. Finally, it is pointed out that the new interest in system biology and complexity theories may lead to a reappraisal of autopoiesis and related notions, as outlined also by other authors, such as Tibor Ganti and Stuart Kauffmann.     

公众环境意识与可持续发展关系初探

目前,国内存在的各种环境问题,归根到底是由于发展战略的不同所致,人们开始重新去认识和评价传统发展战略的局限性,标志着人类文明即将步入一个被称之"环境文明"新的历史时代.历史文化传统和经济发展水平决定公众环境意识,公众的环境意识直接影响可持续发展战略的实施,如何增强,提出决策和建议,通过大力开展环境宣传教育,提高公众环境意识,可持续发展,实现可持续发展的战略.     

Self-Injection of a Dipteran Parasitoid into a Spider

 A host invasion strategy hitherto unknown from other insect parasitoids was observed in the dipteran Acrocera orbicula (Fabricius) (Diptera: Acroceridae) parasitizing the wolf spider, Pardosa prativaga (L. Koch) (Araneida: Lycosidae). In laboratory experiments the free-living first instar acrocerid larvae attached themselves firmly to the spiders' integument by the mouthparts, cutting a tiny hole through the integument. No first instar larvae invaded the host. A week later the parasitoids molted, and a small, flexible, and glabrous second instar larva left each of the attached first instar exuviae and invaded the host through the attachment hole of the first instar larva. The novel host invasion pattern observed may reduce physical damage to the host in the initial phase of endoparasitism, enhancing parasitoid survival. Received: 14 April 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 2 July 1999     

Performance of a novel vertical-flow settler: a comparative study

By increasing particle concentration and G value （root-mean-square velocity gradient） to enhance flocculation, a novel vertical-flow settler was designed to increase sedimentation effectiveness, and to simultaneously improve operational stabilization. Due to the gradual decrease in upward flow-rate of raw water, a floes blanket would form and suspend in the middle section of the settler, not at the bottom as in a conventional clarifier. Enough large floes, resulted from flocculation or fltration, would continuously settle out of the floes blanket, and simultaneously, the floes in raw water or those forming above the blanket would ceaselessly enter the floes blanket. As a result, the floes concentration in the blanket could keep a dynamic balance. The hydrodynamic shear in the blanket was improved by flow separation, which was induced by the abrupt change in flow channel. Due to the floes blanket and improved hydrodynamic shear, flocculation would be enhanced, which was helpful for removing fine particles in raw water. A comparative study showed that the novel vertical-flow settler had a much better performance in the removal of the particles in raw water than a conventional one, when they treated kaolin suspensions of different concentrations （500, 100 and 50 mg/L, respectively） coagulated by polyaluminum chloride（PAC1） at the up-flow rates of 1 and 2 mm/s, respectively.     

建设宁静家园 营造和谐环境——厦门市思明区创建“安静居住小区”的做法和体会

创建安静居住小区,是以营造安静和谐的宜居生活环境为目标,通过强化噪声监管、开展宣传教育等方式,改善城区声环境质量,提高居民环保意识,提高城市文明水平的一种有效方式.2009年以来,厦门市思明全区开展创建“安静居住小区”工作.目前,25个创建小区中共有24个通过验收达标.“安静居住小区”创建以来,小区居民对居住环境质量的满意率达到97％,小区噪声污染得到有效治理,居民的环保意识得到极大提高.     

Attributes of a hopper-predator community in a rice field

A hopper-predator community in an experimental rice field was observed weekly with regard to information content (H′), formation of a geometric series or the grade of orderly distribution of component taxa (R²), and clumping index (I). These community attributes changed with time in close association with one another, and attained the highest values around the heading time of the rice. Significant correlations were found between the density of prey and that of predators when a certain time-lag was assumed for the increase of predators.     

建设绿色重庆构建和谐社会

"十一五"是我国经济社会发展的重要战略机遇期,也是环境保护工作极具挑战的时期.我们将以党的十六届五中全会精神为指针,以建设"绿色重庆"为目标,以"预防为主、综合治理,不欠新账、多还旧账,创新机制、强化监管,突出重点、分类指导,典型示范、带动全面"为基本原则,发展循环经济,解决突出问题,改善环境质量,建立工作机制,努力构建环境友好型社会.     

When a year takes 18 months: evidence for a strong circannual clock in a shorebird

During the last three of 20 years kept as a pet, a red knot (Calidris canutus) went through two complete 'circannual' cycles of body mass and plumage. With a record cycle length of 18 months, this individual shorebird provides evidence for an exceptionally strong circannual clock system. The absence of synchronisation to outdoor but visible periodic cues suggests that the constant, socially-induced, day-night environment was of overriding importance. So far, only for songbirds is there firm experimental evidence that annual cycles are orchestrated by an endogenous circannual clock system. In constant environments the circannual cycles of these passerines tend to have periods that are shorter, rather than longer, than a year.