建立环境与发展综合决策的机制

一、问题的提出实施持续发展战略，是当今世界共同的主题。面对这一主题，党中央、国务院批准了我国环境与发展“十大对策”。坚持及彻环发“十大对策”，真正走持续发展道路，首要的问题是要搞好环境与发展的综合决策。多年来．各级环保部门为积极参与到经济决策中去进行了许多尝试，不同程度地取得了一些经验。但是匆庸讳言。环保部门的这种“参与”往往是“一厢情愿”的。尤其是在县乡等基层环保部门，实行这种“参与”非常困难。普遍的情形是个人感情左右着这种“参与”的效果。即靠环保部门主要负责人与本级政府或部门的主要负责人之间…     

建立和完善公众参与环境与发展综合决策机制的探讨

建立环境与发展综合决策的公众参与制度对实施可持续发展战略,实行政治民主具有重要的意义。公众参与环境与发展综合决策具有政策和法律依据,要采取切实有效的措施保障公众在环境与发展决策中的参与权。     

青岛市城市环境发展历程及形势研究

通过分析青岛市城市发展历程中的土地利用、经济、人口、城镇化等形势变化,发现青岛发展过程中仍存在主要污染物排放量大,复合型空气污染改善任务艰巨,胶州湾水质改善压力大等环境问题,结合未来城市发展形势及主要环境形势,提出吸取先进经验,优化产业空间布局,加强环境风险防控等对策措施,为环保部门参与综合决策和宏观调控提供基础。     

句容市实施环境与发展综合决策的调查与思考

环境保护国策地位能否真正牢固确立,可持续发展战略能否得到真正贯彻落实,很大程度上取决于环境保护能否直接纳入社会与经济发展的重大决策之中,而环境保护参与综合决策的深度,又取决于各级党委、政府和部门领导的重视程度。江苏省委、省政府于１９９９年７月发出《关于切实加强环境与发展综合决策的通知》,要求全省各地充分认识加强环境与发展综合决策的范畴,加快建立和完善综合决策和各项制度。为此句容市通知提出了“经济一定要发展,环境一定要保护,污染一定要治理,违法一定要查处”的环保工作方针,建立了定期听取环保工作汇报和专题研究…     

环境宣教要真正依靠公众

环境宣传教育工作是环保工作的重要组成部分,环境保护只靠环保部门一家而没有全社会公众的支持和参与是不可能完成的。因此,环境宣教工作一定要真正面对公众、依靠公众,这是环境宣传教育工作者必须坚持的一条重要原则。     

物联网技术在环境综合监管方面的应用——青海省环保物联网建设

通过环保物联网感知技术、网络传输技术及应用技术,解决现有环保监控体系中的诸多问题,并构建完善、高效的环境综合监管体系,为环保部门决策提供全面有力的信息支撑系统平台。     

论环境与发展综合决策制度的建立和完善

近年来,环境与发展综合决策的思想越来越受到我国各级政府和学者的广泛关注,已经逐步形成制度并开始落实于实践当中。１９９８年,中央计划生育和环境保护工作座谈会明确提出,建立环境与发展综合决策制度。同年,国家环保总局将建立环境与发展综合决策制度与监管和共管、环境投入、公众参与等制度一起列入《全国环境保护工作（１９９８-２００２）纲要》。１９９９年１０月,第二届中国环境与发展国际合作委员会第三次会议通过了给我国政府的一系列建议,其中包括实行环境与发展综合决策等多方面的内容。可见,环境与发展综合决策的思想在我国已…     

面向21世纪 促进公众参与提高公民的环境意识

我们吉林省多年来努力做好环境保护的宣传教育工作,采用多种手段,开展了丰富多采、行之有效的宣传教育活动,特别在增强公众参与、提高公民的环境意识方面进行了一些探索。 一、吉林省环境宣传教育工作的回顾 　　吉林省在开展公众环境教育中,始终围绕“一个中心两个重点”来进行,即以公众参与为中心,以抓领导干部和青少年为重点,带动公众整体环境意识的全面提高。 　　1、把各级领导做为重点,逐步使领导者由宣传教育的受体变为主体。 　　根据我国社会发展中各级领导在决策中的重要作用,环保部门始终把各级领导、企业法人作为环境…     

关于加强环境统计工作的几点思考

本文就如何进一步提高环境统计的数据质量,充分发挥环境统计信息、咨询和监督、服务职能,有效地为各级政府及其环保部门进行决策和宏观管理服务进行了探讨。     

完善公众参与环境决策机制的法制探讨

公众参与环境决策是一项重要的公众民主权利。我国已经将环境公众参与作为一项重要的环境保护法律制度,但是由于目前我国环保法律制度的不完善,在实施公众参与环境决策机制上存在着诸多问题,本文从法制的角度探讨了公众参与环境决策的理论依据,分析和论证建立适合我国国情的公众参与环境决策制度的主要方式,并提出完善公众参与环境决策制度的建议。     

Environmental Protection Bureau Leadership at the Provincial Level in China: Examining Diverging Career Backgrounds and Appointment Patterns

This paper analyses the career backgrounds of local government officials in provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) in China and explains the appointment patterns of Chinese EPB bureaucrats. Using biographical information of provincial EPB heads and drawing on fieldwork conducted in Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia, this paper finds that only one-fourth of the provincial EPB heads were promoted through the bureau ranks within the EPBs, while the remaining three-fourths were appointed from positions outside the environment field. Further, nearly all EPB heads' professional backgrounds and associated networks can be clearly categorized as environmental, business, provincial government, or local government oriented. This paper delineates these four types of Chinese EPB leaders and explains why an awareness of the different professional orientations is critical to understanding environmental regulation and protection in China. These findings have implications for inferring the unique characteristics of a province's EPB leadership, the implementation capacities of provincial EPBs, and the appointment preferences of provincial leaders.     

荷兰与欧盟环境培训考察报告

2002年5月19日至6月10日,荷兰鹿特丹住宅与城市发展研究学院(1HS)举办的中国市长、环保局长、专家环境管理与可持续发展培训班给我们一些有益的启示,西方国家的经验与政策对我国解决环境问题具有借鉴意义。     

利用“生态足迹”促进绿色校园建设

运用“生态足迹”计算来提高学校综合管理能力,是学习落实科学发展观、建立资源节约型社会的有益尝试。由学生自发形成的兴趣小组,把生态足迹的基本原理和计算方法运用于建设资源节约型校园,并根据有关结果采取相应的有效措施降低校园生态产品消耗,为促进资源节约型学校的建立提供有益经验。     

奥地利的环境保护

奥地利环境保护行政管理分联邦和州两级,联邦政府主管政策制定、法规起草、编制规划等,具体执法管理工作由州环保局负责.为了减少事务性工作,强化环境保护行政管理和执法,成立了联邦环保局,为制定联邦环保政策和环保执法提供专业支持,履行环境监督职能.完善的法规、活跃的环保社团、广泛的群众参与是奥地利环境保护处于世界领先地位的基础和保证.     

A Structured Approach to Incidental Take Decision Making

Decision making related to incidental take of endangered species under U.S. law lends itself well to a structured decision making approach. Incidental take is the permitted killing, harming, or harassing of a protected species under the law as long as that harm is incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and does not “reduce appreciably the probability of survival and recovery in the wild.” There has been inconsistency in the process used for determining incidental take allowances across species and across time for the same species, and structured decision making has been proposed to improve decision making. I use an example decision analysis to demonstrate the process and its applicability to incidental take decisions, even under significant demographic uncertainty and multiple, competing objectives. I define the example problem, present an objectives statement and a value function, use a simulation model to assess the consequences of a set of management actions, and evaluate the tradeoffs among the different actions. The approach results in transparent and repeatable decisions.     

当前发展环保产业需要重新认识的几个问题

本文就当前在社会主义市场经济体制下如何更好地加快环保产业的发展,提出了如下看法：目前环保产业应是以服务业为重点内容,以市场化、产业化为其发展方式的一个综合性新兴产业,要开展以企业为主体的经济活动,建立政府激励机制,改变以政府为主体的投资机制,并加强对环保设施运营的监督管理。     

NEW APPROACHES TO COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING IN CANADA1

ABSTRACT. In 1970, the Canadian Federal Government passed the Canada Water Act which provides for a co-operative federal-provincial approach to water resource management. The purpose of this paper is to outline our definition of comprehensive planning and the approach being taken under the new legislation. Two basic premises underly the definition. They are that resource management consists of an array of problems and that the prime function of planning is to provide information for decision making. The definition of comprehensive planning is embodied in a general statement and a set of principles. The principles define the approach that should be taken to provide adequate information for decision making in today's complex environment. A brief resume of the jurisdictions for water management in Canada leads to a discussion of a joint federal-provincial comprehensive study of the Qu'Appelle River Basin in Southern Saskatchewan. The basin and the study are described briefly. This is followed by an outline of the economic and social considerations which are being incorporated into the comprehensive planning study for the basin.     

Tradable planning permits versus auctioned tradable development rights: different trading agents,different policy outcomes

The tradable planning permit (TPP) policy seeks to limit the land take by development. It can be used in countries where development rights are vested by land-use planning to certain landowners only. TPPs are traded among public authorities. We introduce here a new policy, called the auctioned tradable development rights (ATDR) policy, which takes advantage of unvested rights of development and of trading among private actors. We compare the TPP, the ATDR policy and our baseline land-use planning model using a set of criteria. There are trade-offs within compared models. Both trading policies extend opportunities for land protection from development in exchange for higher transaction costs (highest in the ATDR policy). Trading policies seek also to recapture a part of development rent, decrease rent-seeking, and locate new development more effectively from the investors' perspective. However, trading among public authorities in the TPP model may hinder attaining these effects.     

试论中国环境保护的历程和发展趋势

中国的环境保护经历了70年代初“三废处理”、70年代末“依法保护环境”、80年代“城市环境综合整治”和90年代“可持续发展战略”的发展历程。中国的环境保护要坚持以可持续发展战略为指导、污染防治与生态保护并重、环保与发展综合决策的发展道路。     

战略环境影响评价的实施与对策

战略环评将环境、社会和经济做为一个系统,进行整体、全面的综合评价,为决策提供依据、方案和措施,使决策更为科学、合理、严谨、可行,真正从决策到源头控制,减轻环境污染和生态破坏.从战略环境影响评价的兴起发展和法律意义入手,从理论和实践上全面系统的论述和探讨了如何有效实施战略环境影响评价的对策与措施.