用于诺氟沙星现场灵敏检测的便携式智能手机赋能荧光传感技术

通过融合激光诱导荧光原理和光纤传感原理,集成全光纤光学系统、微型化流动进样系统、高灵敏微型光电探测系统和基于智能手机的APP软件,研制了用于水中抗生素现场快速灵敏检测的便携式智能手机赋能荧光生物传感器.以喹诺酮类抗生素诺氟沙星(NOR)为例,在优化条件下,该荧光生物传感器对NOR的检测限可达0.35μg/L,线性检测范围为1.6～20.6μg/L.所建立的NOR检测方法也被用于各种水样的NOR加标回收检测,其回收率为85%～120%,检测时间少于15min,表明其可以用于实际样品中NOR的现场灵敏快速检测.结合物联网等新兴技术,可根据设定的程序将检测结果直接上传环境监测监管中心,为实现水环境安全的监测预警和应急监测提供重要技术支持.     

用于1，3-二硝基苯快速检测的免疫传感器研究

利用倏逝波全光纤生物传感平台,发展了一种用于1,3-二硝基苯快速检测的免疫传感器,其检测限可达0.054 mg·L-1,检测时间少于10 min.采用先将小分子污染物与惰性蛋白OVA结合制备成复合物,然后将该复合物通过双功能试剂连接到硅烷化后的光纤探头表面作为生物识别元件,使得传感器具有良好的鲁棒性和再生性能,可以重复使用上百次,而且没有明显的活性损失.实际水样的加标回收实验表明,所有样品的加标回收率在80%~120%之间,相对标准偏差为4.5%~10.0%,具有很好的精密度和准确性,受环境基质的影响较小,因此,该免疫传感器能够用于实际水样中1,3-二硝基苯的快速检测.     

水中六价铬光纤传感检测方法的研究

探讨光纤传感检测探头的原理,建立适应现场检测水中六价铬的方法。水中Cr6+与二苯基碳酰二肼反应生成紫红色产物,光纤探头插入水样中进行测定。其检测浓度范围为0.04～1.0mg/L,最低检出限为0.04mg/L。采用光纤传感测定水中六价铬,为野外和在线检测提供一种新方法。     

海藻酸钠基多孔碳气凝胶的制备及其对水中四环素去除

采用脱硫废水中的重金属污染物原位交联使海藻酸钠形成水凝胶,再将该水凝胶在800℃的条件下制备为海藻酸钠基多孔碳气凝胶,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积分析仪、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对该气凝胶进行了表征分析,并考察了该气凝胶对溶液中四环素的吸附行为。结果表明,该碳气凝胶具有丰富的孔隙结构,比表面积可以达到52.37 m²/g。随着溶液初始pH值的增大,碳气凝胶对四环素的吸附量逐渐降低。碳气凝胶对四环素的吸附行为更符合准二级动力学方程(R²=0.825 7),最大吸附量可以达到112 mg/g,等温吸附过程对Freundlich等温吸附模型比对Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合度更高,说明利用处理脱硫废水的凝胶废弃物制备的海藻酸钠基多孔碳气凝胶在去除水环境中的抗生素方面有较好的应用前景,实现了脱硫废水凝胶废弃物的资源化利用。     

海藻酸钠固定化纳米铁还原脱色活性红X3B

采用海藻酸钠固定纳米铁制备海藻酸钠纳米铁小球,研究了海藻酸钠浓度、纳米铁含量、活性红X3B浓度、反应温度、pH值等对海藻酸钠固定化纳米铁小球还原活性红X3B的影响.采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）、紫外可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）等方法分析污染物的还原脱色过程.结果表明,X3B的还原脱色获得了较好的效果,当温度25.0℃,海藻酸钠浓度2.0%,纳米铁含量2.0g/L,转速200r/min,pH值10.9时,反应720min后,25.0mg/L活性红X3B的脱色率达98.9%.海藻酸钠凝胶对活性红X3B没有吸附作用,海藻酸钠固定化纳米铁小球降解活性红X3B的主要机制为纳米零价铁的还原作用.     

平面波导型荧光免疫传感器的研究

研究开发了一种光学免疫传感器——平面波导型荧光免疫传感器系统,建立了传感基片的化学修饰和配基固定化方法,并应用该系统检测了环境小分子污染物2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D).结果表明,检测系统对荧光标记抗体的检测限达到0.01μg/mL.传感基片基本不对蛋白质产生非特异性吸附,而对目标污染物抗体具有很强的特异性响应,采用pH1.9、2mg/mL的胃蛋白酶溶液作为活化剂活化传感基片时,基片连续测定20个周期后性能没有明显下降,具有良好的稳定性.在间接竞争免疫检测模式下得到了检测2,4-D的标准曲线,曲线符合Logistic方程.2,4-D的检测下限为2.0μg/L,定量检测区间为5.0～3000μg/L,满足饮用水中2,4-D的检测要求.     

水质毒性检测方法的对比研究

随着环境污染加剧,需要在水环境污染物监测方面有一种快速、灵敏、低廉的监测方法,以确保水资源的环境安全。本文选取国内比较常用的五种方法——发光细菌毒性实验法、斑马鱼毒性实验法、大型蚤类毒性实验法、藻类急性毒性实验法、蚕豆根尖微核法,以重铬酸钾（K2Cr2O7）配制成待测溶液测定水质毒性,通过实验比较了各种方法的灵敏性、准确性、可靠性。分析比较了这几种方法的优缺点和研究概况,并对存在的问题给出了建议,为加速国内水质检测应用提供了思路。     

倏逝波光纤传感器快速检测诺氟沙星

基于间接竞争免疫分析原理,利用倏逝波光纤生物传感平台研发了一种诺氟沙星检测方法,实现了水中诺氟沙星的快速､灵敏检测.研究表明,诺氟沙星检测的优化条件为:抗体浓度为1μg/mL､预反应时间为1min,反应时间为4min.优化条件下,诺氟沙星检测限可达1.89μg/L.包被抗原修饰的光纤探头与荧光标记诺氟沙星抗体具有良好的特异性和稳定性,可重复使用400次以上.自来水､景观水､二沉池出水等水样的加标回收实验结果表明,该传感器具有良好的精密度和准确性,受环境基质的影响较小,能够用于实际水样中诺氟沙星的快速检测.     

水体污染卫星遥感监测方法探讨

水质监测分析一般是现场采样、送回化验室分析,本文探讨了水中不同污染物的波谱特征与污染物的定性、定量关系,进行了地面水体波谱测量、污染成分及对应卫星图谱解析,力求找到一种快速、准确的分析方法.     

重庆市出台《重庆市固定污染源在线监测系统技术规范(试行)》

为了更好地执行国家、地方污染物排放标准 ,实施国家污染源排放污染物总量控制 ,重庆市环保局于 2 0 0 3年 7月编制了《重庆市固定污染源在线监测系统技术规范 (试行 )》,并发出通知 ,要求各有关单位遵照执行。该技术规范规定了重庆市固定污染源在线监测系统的组成、主要技术指标、安装、检测项目、检测方法、质量保证措施和验收等。重庆市出台《重庆市固定污染源在线监测系统技术规范(试行)》@傅建绵     

生物炭固定化多环芳烃高效降解菌剂的制备及稳定性

高效多环芳烃降解微生物在污染环境中存活并保持一定生物量是实现生物强化修复的前提.本研究通过优选生物炭,优化生物炭固定化多环芳烃高效降解菌Martelella sp.AD-3的制备条件以及评估生物炭固定化菌剂的稳定性,期望获得具有应用前景的生物材料.结果显示,稻壳生物炭比表面积及孔隙大、Zeta电位高、固定化菌剂去除效果好,选择其作为固定化AD-3菌的载体.电镜观察及固定化菌剂对菲的去除率表明,固定化培养基为3% LB,接种量为2.9×10⁸ CFU·mL^-1,固定2 d时,稻壳固定化菌剂负载AD-3量最多,对菲的去除速率可达8.08 mg·L^-1·h^-1.室温保存21 d后,稻壳生物炭固定化菌剂对菲的去除速率仍达到4.46 mg·L^-1·h^-1,表明稻壳生物炭固定化AD-3菌不仅保持了菌对菲的高效降解能力,而且延长了降解微生物的保存时间,这为多环芳烃污染土壤修复提供了良好的生物修复功能材料.     

基因工程菌强化芳香化合物的处理工艺

分别固定克隆有甲苯加双氧酶基因的工程菌和筛选出的野生菌株,串联两种固定化细胞反应器,研究以基因工程菌突破关键步骤的限制,筛选菌株辅助完成彻底降解芳香类污染物复合工艺可行性和强化效果.克隆有苯降解过程中的关键基因——甲苯加双氧酶的基因工程菌E. coli. JM109(pKST11)对苯具有较高的降解效率和降解速度,应用于固定化细胞反应器中效果突出.在较短的水力停留时间内,可以将1500mg/L苯降解70%,降解速度为1.11mg/(Ls),延长水力停留时间,可以使去除率达到95%以上.该反应器对高浓度的苯具有突出的处理效果.同时所得到的产物为环己二烯双醇,可以被野生非高效菌W3快速利用.     

固定化优势菌种降解2,6-二叔丁基酚

 用海藻酸钙包埋固定优势降解菌(Alcaligenes sp.)降解 2,6-二叔丁基酚(2,6-2DTBP).结果表明,菌株经固定化包埋后,降解底物 2,6-DTBP的能力大大提高,在 100.0mg/L 的初始浓度下其降解率在 12d 可达到 86%.与未固定菌株相比,固定化菌株对 pH 值和温度的适应范围更宽,对底物具有更高的降解能力.对固定化菌株的降解反应过程进行动力学分析,该降解反应符合一级动力学特征,其动力学常数为 0.1519,半衰期为 4.56d.扫描电镜观察到菌种在海藻酸钙包埋载体中能良好地生长和繁殖.     

固定化微生物法处理含酚废水的研究

选用从活性污泥中分离得到的降解酚活性较高的热带假丝酵母菌(Candida tropicalis),通过实验选出了一种较好的载体和合适的固定化条件,在自制的三相流化床反应器中,采用固定化徽生物法连续处理含酚配水,进水酚浓度为300ppm,出水酚浓度小于0.5ppm,与悬浮生物法(如活性污泥法)相比,酚的容积负荷可提高1倍以上,污泥发生量可减少90％。     

Alga-lysing bioreactor and the dominant bacteria strain

Alga-lysing bacteria have been paid much attention to in recent years. In this study, the alga-lysing strain P05 which was isolated from an immobilizing biosystem was immobilized by coke and elastic filler, forming two biological reactors. The removal efficiencies of algae, NH3-N and organic matter using the two reactors were studied. The results showed that strain P05 was an ideal algal-lysing bacteria strain because it was easy to be immobilized by coke and elastic filler which are of cheap, low biodegradability and the simple immobilization procedure. After 7 d filming, the biological film could be formed and the reactors were used to treat the eutrophic water. These two reactors were of stability and high effect with low cost and easy operation. The optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of each reactor was 4 h. The algae removal rates were 80.38% and 82.1% (in term of Chl-a) of coke reactor and filler reactor, respectively. And that of NH3-N were 52.3% and 52.7%. The removal rates of CODMn were 39.03% and 39.64%. The strain P05 was identified as Bacillus sp. by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, BLAST analysis, and comparison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database.     

Alga-lysing bioreactor and dominant bacteria strain

Alga-lysing bacteria have been paid much attention to in recent years. In this study, the alga-lysing strain P05 which was isolated from an immobilizing biosystem was immobilized by coke and elastic filler, forming two biological reactors. The removal efficiencies of algae, NH4^＋-N and organic matter using the two reactors were studied. The results showed that strain P05 was an ideal algal-lysing bacteria strain because it was easy to be immobilized by coke and elastic filler which are of cheap, low biodegradability and the simple immobilization procedure. After 7 d filming, the biological film could be formed and the reactors were used to treat the eutrophic water. These two reactors were of stability and high effect with low cost and easy operation. The optimal hydraulic retention time （HRT） of each reactor was 4 h. The algae removal rates were 80.38% and 82.1% （in term of Chl-α） of coke reactor and filler reactor, respectively. And that of NH4^＋-N were 52.3% and 52.7%. The removal rates of CODMn were 39.03% and 39.64%. The strain P05 was identified as Bacillus sp. by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, BLAST analysis, and comparison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database.     

The flavo-enzyme xanthine oxidase is under circadian control in the marine alga Gonyaulax

The activity of xanthine oxidoreductases (xanthine oxidase, XO, EC 1.2.3.2 and xanthine dehydrogenase, XDH, EC 1.1.1.204) in partially purified extracts of Gonyaulax polyedra was measured over 24 h both in a light:dark cycle and in constant light. This is the first demonstration of xanthine oxidoreductase in a unicellular alga. The activity of the O₂-dependent form (XO) was found to be 15 times higher in light than in darkness. The same time-of-day specific differences persisted in constant light, demonstrating a control of XO by the circadian clock. In contrast, the activity of the NAD-dependent form (XDH) is not under circadian control. Because pharmacological inhibition of XO also blocks the effect of blue light on the Gonyaulax circadian clock, the possible relationship between XO and light reception in this unicellular alga will be discussed.     

Coupled anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6 trichlorophenol

Degradation of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol(TCP) with co-immobilizing anaerobic granular sludge and isolated aerobic bacterial species was studied in coupled anaerobic/aerobic integrated reactors. The synergism of aerobes and anaerobes within co-immobilized granule might facilitate degrading the TCP and exchange of anaerobic metabolites 4-CP, which promoted system organic removal efficiency and recovered from organic shock-loads more quickly. The bionmass specific activities experiment further confirmed that strict anaerobes be not affected over the crsurse of this experiment by the presence of an oxic environment, aerobic activity predominated in the outer co-immobilized grange layers,while the interior was characterized by anaerobic activity. The co-immobilized granule could thus enable both aerobic and anaerobic microbes function in the same reactor and thereby integrate the oxidative and reductive catabolism.     

海藻酸钠固定石油降解菌条件优化及辅助效应

随着海洋石油污染治理技术的发展,生物修复技术因为具有成本低、效率高、环境友好的特点备受关注,而固菌技术可提高生物修复中石油烃降解菌的降解效率。本次研究利用海藻酸钠和CaCl₂对石油烃降解菌进行固定成球试验,并利用四因素三水平正交试验对固菌过程的条件参数（如:海藻酸钠浓度、菌悬液添加量、CaCl₂浓度和交联时间）进行优化。结果表明:采用固菌方式可有效提高石油烃降解菌的降解效率,当海藻酸钠浓度为3%,菌悬液添加量75%,CaCl₂浓度3%时,交联时间30 h时达到最优固定化效果,石油烃降解菌微球7 d绝对降解率为48.7%,比直接添加菌剂提高28%。     

Construction of WCB-11: A novel phiYFP arsenic-resistant whole-cell biosensor

The prediction and assessment of environmental pollution by arsenic are important preconditions of advocating environmental protection and human health risk assessment.A yellow fluorescent protein-based whole-cell biosensor for the detection of arsenite and arsenate was constructed and tested.An arsenic-resistant promoter and the regulatory gene arsR were obtained by PCR from the genome of Escherichia coli DH5α,and phiYFP was introduced into E.coli DH5α as a reporter gene to construct an arsenic-resistant whole-cell biosensor(WCB-11) in which phiYFP was expressed well for the first time.Experimental results demonstrated that the biosensor has a good response to arsenic and the expression of phiYFP.When strain WCB-11 was exposed to As 3+ and As 5+,the expression of yellow fluorescence was time-dependent and dose-dependent.This engineered construct is expected to become established as an inexpensive and convenient method for the detection of arsenic in the field.