基于Euclid理论的震后恢复重建民用建筑工程质量评价

为给我国震后灾区恢复重建的民用建筑工程质量评价提供一个更合理的评价标准,首先采用文献数据库和问卷调查法选取5个一级指标和23个二级指标来构建质量评价层次结构模型,然后运用区间特征根法求出各评价指标的权重。最后选择四川省芦山县某汶川地震灾后恢复重建小区作为评价对象,采用灰色相对欧几里德方法进行工程质量评价分析,计算出与不同评估等级相对应的灰色Euclid加权关联度,根据该模型虽然得出该小区重建质量为优,但是还存在一些影响工程质量的因素。该结论与恢复重建实践过程相符,说明了该指标体系具有一定的合理性,同时该模型存在一定的有效性。     

地震灾后恢复重建的后评价框架体系研究

地震灾后恢复重建的后评价研究是将后评价理论与地震灾后恢复重建相结合的研究。在各国灾后重建经验基础上,提出灾后重建后评价的框架体系。该框架包括工程项目后评价、经济效益后评价、社会效果后评价、生态环境可持续性后评价、人文建设后评价和应急能力后评价等6个方面,这6个方面相互关联且涉及的评价内容错综复杂,因此利用解释结构模型对其进行定量结构分析,并加以定性的描述。研究结果表明,震灾重建要以人为本,以生态环境可持续发展为长远目标,通过对工程项目投资拉动灾区经济的增长,重建效果直接表现为社会和谐和应急能力加强。     

重大自然灾害灾后重建区旅游项目评价及韧性建设研究

积极开展重大自然灾害灾后重建区旅游项目评价对提升灾后重建管理水平具有重要意义。该研究通过对汶川地震重灾区绵阳市灾后恢复重建旅游项目开展评价,结合“重建得更好”理念提出灾害多发地区旅游业韧性发展路径。研究发现：(1)结合灾区实际和数据局限性,灾区恢复重建项目后评价可依据恢复重建项目完工情况与投资完成情况来综合确定。评价得出绵阳市城乡建设项目实施情况评价等级为良好,其中历史文化遗产与风景名胜区项目恢复重建实施情况相对较差;(2)汶川地震灾后恢复重建中通过制定政策保障,提升配套服务功能,创新营销模式等途径振兴旅游产业,但由于特色旅游资源多处于复杂地质环境区域、灾后救援资源局限以及次生灾害影响促使恢复重建的效果降低。(3)结合“重建得更好”理念提出从旅游规划、结构韧性、防灾减灾、经济与生计、社会与心理、体制机制、法律规章、监测评估八个方面构建旅游业韧性发展路径。为实现灾害多发地区旅游产业的可持续发展,需要分析不同产业间的内在联系,以便通过旅游产业的发展振兴带动灾区社会经济的改善,提升灾后重建的整体质量。     

中国洪水灾后恢复重建行动与理论探讨

基于中国洪水灾后恢复重建的实践 ,总结了中国洪灾灾后恢复重建的结构体系 ,并依此讨论了洪水灾后恢复重建的若干理论和实践问题。文章指出 ,应明确洪水灾后恢复重建与备灾和防灾的关系 ,并提出了洪水灾后恢复重建的结构体系与程序。     

自然灾害灾后重建技术及实践的研究进展

灾后重建是在灾害体发生之时及发生之后,采取应急救援、灾害管理,以及灾后评估、救助、规划等一系列过程,是一个典型的系统工程,可划分为前期应急重建、中期恢复重建及后期发展重建3部分。以自然灾害为主要研究对象,在分析中外关于灾后重建文献的基础之上,归纳了灾后重建的系统特征,介绍了灾后重建技术和实践的研究进展。灾后重建技术包括灾害分类分级、应急救援、灾后评估、灾害管理和重建规划5个方面,灾后重建实践研究分为地震、飓风、洪水和海啸4个方面,并对中外的灾后重建研究发展进行了展望。     

关于地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建 《防震减灾法》解读

<正>(四)明确了地震灾后恢复重建实施的要求、遵循的原则、善后处置、强化服务等方面的内容。1.本法第七十条规定了地震灾后恢复重建的原则、城市、乡村恢复重建的原则以及少数民族聚居地方恢复重建的特殊要求。地震灾后恢复重建中的统筹安排基础设施和市政公用设施、公共服务设施,以及住房和无障碍设施的建设总原则,是由政府的职     

《防震减灾法》解读 关于地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建

地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建指地震灾害发生之后的过渡性安置、恢复生产、重建家园以及善后工作等活动。地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建是防震减灾的一个重要环节,对减轻地震灾害有着十分重要的意义。     

关于地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建

三、完善了地震灾后恢复重建制度 （一）强化了政府对地震灾后恢复重建工作的领导、组织和协调职能。 本法第六十四条规定了各级人民政府及其有关部门在恢复重建工作的职责。灾后恢复重建是一项十分紧迫、复杂、艰巨的任务,必须举全社会之力,组织各有关部门,共同努力,才能有力、有序、有效地做好,这就要求政府必须加强领导、组织和协调。     

关于地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建(《防震减灾法》解读)

<正>三、完善了地震灾后恢复重建制度(一)强化了政府对地震灾后恢复重建工作的领导、组织和协调职能。本法第六十四条规定了各级人民政府及其有关部门在恢复重建工作的职责。灾后恢复重建是一项十分紧迫、复杂、艰巨的任务,必须举全社会之力,组织各有关部门,共同努力,才能有力、有序、有效地做好,这就要求政府必须加强领     

基于ARIO模型的汶川地震灾后恢复重建期模拟

基于区域投入产出模型(ARIO),以一个月为时间步长,模拟了汶川地震后四川省各部门产出和需求随重建进程的变化过程。模拟结果表明:汶川地震的完全恢复重建大致需要近9年的时间,灾后36个月时,四川省的当地总产出能力将超过灾前水平。在重建模拟的基础上,评估了灾后实施不同风险管理策略的潜在效益,若最大生产能力在灾后3个月内能够加速达到灾前的150%,则与无加速重建相比,恢复重建期至少可以缩短3年半,证明了灾后加大人力和物力投入对于缩短恢复重建期的作用。提出的重建期模拟方法可以为缩短重建期、合理分配抗灾救灾资源的灾害管理提供技术支撑。     

韧性理论视角下贫困村灾后恢复重建与灾害风险管理刍议

韧性理论引入灾害风险管理领域,为世界防灾减灾实践提供了新理念,并在国内外韧性城市社区建设中得到广泛应用,但针对乡村地区,尤其是高脆弱性的贫困村韧性社区建设的研究还较为鲜见.该文以韧性理论为基础,结合乡村振兴战略规划,通过对贫困村社会生态系统特征的分析,探讨了新时期我国贫困村灾后恢复重建与灾害风险管理发展方向及特点.研究...     

粮食基础设施震后恢复重建关键问题研究

在对汶川8.0级地震后绵阳市粮食基础设施破坏情况调研的基础上,提出恢复与发展并重、粮食基础设施节点与网络并行、推进行业整合和信息化的建设思路,规划了绵阳市灾后恢复重建的维修保障和重建发展项目,并对规划实施效果进行了经济和社会效益分析。     

Post-disaster housing reconstruction and social inequality: a challenge to policy and practice

In post-disaster reconstruction the social aspects of housing provision are important for the success of both emergency shelters and permanent housing, particularly in settlements that have been permanently relocated or entirety rebuilt. The social dimensions of housing reconstruction after disaster are discussed in the context of the long-term effects of reconstruction after the Yungay, Peru Earthquake-Avalanche of 1970. Consideration of these issues presents questions regarding the tension between continuity and change in affected populations, the importance of pre-disaster socio-economic patterns for reconstruction and the criteria used for assessing the success of post-disaster reconstruction and development projects. The author contends that post-disaster housing reconstruction must avoid rebuilding structures which reflect, sustain and reproduce patterns of inequality and exploitation.     

Multi-stakeholder collaboration in community post-disaster reconstruction: case study from the Longmen Shan Fault area in China

While multi-stakeholder collaboration is critical for effective community post-disaster reconstruction (CPDR), it is often very difficult in practice. The Longmen Shan Fault active seismic zone in China has experienced several recent earthquakes with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and 2013 Lushan earthquake, both of which caused extensive and widespread damage to many communities, presenting unprecedented challenges for post-disaster reconstruction. This paper develops a multi-cycle field research method that involves three interconnected cycles: internet research, field visits, and extensive surveys: to examine multi-stakeholder collaboration for the CPDR following the Wenchuan earthquake. It was found that there were 12 types of active stakeholders engaged across four main areas: infrastructure rebuilding, psychological recovery, socio-economic rehabilitation, and ecological restoration. Specifically, local community participation and effective collaboration between the community and the external stakeholders were found to be the most crucial elements for successful reconstruction. Multi-stage field research after the Lushan earthquake verified that CPDR was effective and that multi-stakeholder collaboration had improved from the lessons learnt from the Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction experience. Some advantages and limitations of this research are also given.     

Social entrepreneurship,co-production,and post-disaster recovery

Post-disaster recovery requires co-production; that is, the inputs of citizens are essential for successful community recovery to occur. Citizens contribute to post-disaster recovery by volunteering, taking on consultative and decision-making roles within their communities, and directly participating in post-disaster reconstruction efforts. Without meaning ful contributions from citizens—the intended beneficiaries—unilateral efforts by public officials and authorities will inevitably fail. This study shows that social entrepreneurs can thus play a critical role in spurring post-disaster recovery by facilitating co-production. It focuses on the role of social entrepreneurs after disasters and centres on one rural village, Giranchaur Namuna Basti in the Sindhupalchowk District of Nepal. Specifically, the study uses the case of the Dhurmus Suntali Foundation's Namuna village project in Giranchaur following the 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck on 25 April 2015 to examine the pivotal role that social entrepreneurs assume in promoting voluntary activities, community engagement, and participation in post-disaster recovery efforts.     

西方灾后重建经济理论及其借鉴意义

介绍了Yasuh ide Okuyam a的灾后重建经济理论,重点分析了灾害发生以后经济的变动情况,以及在灾害后的经济重建过程中,储蓄率和技术进步率等变量将如何变化,进而如何影响灾后的经济重建过程。阐述了借鉴此理论对中国汶川8.0级地震灾后重建的指导意义。     

An integrated approach: managing resources for post-disaster reconstruction

A lack of resources for post-disaster housing reconstruction significantly limits the prospects for successful recovery. Following the earthquake in Wenchuan, China, in May 2008, housing reconstruction was not immune to resource shortages and price inflation. Difficulties in sourcing materials and labour considerably impeded recovery. This paper provides evidence of the resourcing bottlenecks inherent in the post-Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction process. Its aim is to present an integrated planning framework for managing resources for post-disaster housing rebuilding. The results are drawn from in-field surveys that highlight the areas where stakeholders need to concentrate effort, including revising legislation and policy, enhancing capacity for rebuilding in the construction industry, strengthening the transportation network, restructuring market mechanisms, and incorporating environmental considerations into overall planning. Although the case study presented here is country-specific, it is hoped that the findings provide a basis for future research to identify resourcing constraints and solutions in other disaster contexts.     

防灾减灾规划与灾后重建规划的反思——由舟曲泥石流灾害想到的

通过对灾后重建规划的反思,强调坚持安全第一的灾后重建选址原则,强化灾害评估机制的程序,提倡坚持科学发展观,树立与自然和谐共生的规划理念;针对我国人地矛盾突出的特点,提出了城镇发展要规模适度及实施迁村并点的具体措施等预防和减轻灾害的规划途径;并提出了建设高效的应急体系,以应对超标准自然灾害的建议。     

基于可变模糊聚类的城镇综合承灾能力评价研究

城镇灾害的多样性、频繁发生与其造成的各种损失和破坏的严重化趋势,已经对城镇经济社会发展构成重大威胁。城镇应对灾害的预测、防御、救助及灾后恢复的综合能力,直接决定了城镇可持续发展的基础和能力。建立了基于城镇社会、经济和环境属性功能的城镇综合承灾能力评价指标体系,运用可变模糊聚类方法,通过指标权重、相对隶属度与聚类中心之间的动态迭代,得到了更为合理的样本城镇的防灾、抗灾、救灾和灾后恢复能力相对比较结果。与已有研究相比,可变模糊聚类在综合评价问题上的数据处理和分析能力更客观和多样化。