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随着经济社会的发展,人们的生活水平不断提高,公众对生态环境质量的需求也在增加。生态环境监测作为生态环境保护的一项重要的基础性工作,是生态环境治理的数据支撑和重要保障,也是公众了解环境质量必不可少的途径。笔者结合2020年3月6日实施的《职业健康安全管理体系要求及使用指南》等规范要求,调研生态环境监测职业面临的安全风险,识别和分析环境监测工作可能存在的安全风险因素,并在此基础上给出相应的防护技术及措施,对生态环境监测从业人员的安全保障提出了重点抓好生态环境监测实验室的安全与质量管理、制定应急预案、强化日常监管、完善制度体系和加强宣传教育等方面的建议。 相似文献
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国内外生态环境观测研究台站网络发展概况 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
生态环境观测研究台站是开展生态环境研究的重要手段。《国家环境保护"十二五"科技发展规划》将国家环境保护野外观测研究站作为"十二五"能力建设重点内容。分析了目前国内外主要生态环境监测网络,如区域尺度的全球环境监测系统(GEMS)、全球陆地观测系统(GTOS)、国际长期生态研究网络(ILTER)、全球通量观测网络(FLUXNET)和国际生物多样性观测网络(GEO·BON),以及国家尺度的美国长期生态研究网络(US-LTER)、英国环境变化监测网络(ECN)和中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)的发展历程、观测研究进展;总结了生态环境监测网站的发展趋势,即重视台站的联网观测研究,注重观测标准化和规范化及数据共享,重视观测手段智能化与自动化,注重综合观测与模型模拟相结合;提出国家环境保护生态监测台站网络是现有国家环境监测网络的拓展和完善,也是今后开展区域生态环境综合监测与评估的重要基础。 相似文献
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科学谋划“十四五”国家生态环境监测网络建设 总被引:7,自引:7,他引:0
党的十八大以来,党中央、国务院高度重视环境监测工作,将生态环境监测纳入生态文明改革的大局统筹推进,取得了前所未有的显著成效。然而与建设美丽中国的新要求及国际先进水平相比, 中国的生态环境监测网络仍存在差距。笔者深入研究了当前和今后一个时期国家生态环境监测网络发展方向 ,并提出相应建议。针对空气、地表水、土壤、生态、声等要素的国家生态环境监测网络,分别提出网络布局及点位优化的原则,强调应通过理顺国家生态环境监测网运行机制、建立部门协作机制、健全生态环境监测法规标准体系、加强监测新技术研究及成果转化、强化监测装备自主研发等方式加强生态环境监测网络相关保障。 相似文献
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对国家环境保护野外观测研究站建设的几点思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《国家环境保护"十二五"科技发展规划》提出将国家环境保护野外观测研究站作为"十二五"环境科技支撑能力建设内容之一;在《"十二五"国家自主创新能力建设规划》中也将国家野外科学观测研究站(网)作为科技创新基础条件的建设内容。在分析环保部门生态环境观测研究台站建设现状基础上,对国家环境保护野外观测研究台站的建设目标与定位、空间布局、运行机制、监测与评价技术体系构建、监测指标体系框架等进行分析探讨。在目标与定位上,国家环境保护野外观测研究台站既要与目前国内主要的生态环境监测网络(如中国生态系统研究网络和中国森林生态系统定位研究网络)形成补充,同时也要突出环保部门特色;在空间布局上既要关注水、空气、土壤污染的重点监控区,也要关注生态脆弱区、重要(点)生态功能区等生态敏感区;在技术体系上,要研究建立标准化、规范化的观测技术体系,同时也要注重生态环境评价方法研究,为生态环境精准化管理提供技术支持。 相似文献
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新疆环境监测中心站加快生态环境监测“天地一体化”进程 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
“十五”期间,新疆环境监谢中心站着重从遥感监测技术入手.以“说清新疆宏观生态环境现状”为目的,开展新疆宏观生态环境遥感监测和区域生态环境质量综合评价工作。为满足环境保护和管理的要求,新疆环境监测中心站从2004年起着手准备建设“天地一体化”的生态监测网络。经过近一年的准备和论证,新疆环境监测中心站从2005年开始将逐步推进生态监测“天地一体化”的建设进程。 相似文献
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"十四五"期间,粤港澳大湾区将会迎来新一轮大开发、大建设、大发展,绿色发展与山水林田湖草一体化保护将面临更大的机遇与挑战。生态环境监测作为生态环境保护的重要基础,亟需强化支撑、引领、服务作用。文章对粤港澳大湾区生态环境监测发展现状进行了梳理,从环境质量状况、生态环境管理、环境监测网络等方面将粤港澳大湾区与东京、纽约、旧金山三大世界级湾区进行系统比较,对标查找差距与不足,并对面临的机遇与挑战进行了深入剖析。在此基础上,针对生态环境监测区域布局、现代感知网络、智慧应用与"美丽湾区"综合评价、联合监测与信息发布、产学研用一体化等方面,提出了粤港澳大湾区当前及今后一个时期生态环境监测发展的相关建议。 相似文献
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介绍了应用于生态环境、环境质量监测、环境污染事故应急监控等环境保护领域的环境卫星遥感信息系统,提出应以国家、省、市三级行政区为单元,建立卫星影像动态数据库和查询系统,以满足生态环境观测信息处理需求.并以辽宁省为例,构建了省级CBERS环境卫星遥感信息系统. 相似文献
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农村生态环境监测是县级环境监测部门的主要职责.目前.由于县级环境管理和监测部门的人员编制、技术力量、仪器设备等方面的严重不足,因而对广大农村的环境管理与监测,仅仅局限于城镇工业的污染防治、排污收费、事故仲裁以及城镇环境质量的管理和监测,无力开展农村生态环境的管理和监测.《环境保护法》赋予各级政府环境保护行政主管部门的职责及对生活环境、生态环境、城镇环境、农村环境实施统一监督管理.因此,县级环境行政主管部门责无旁贷地依法管理农业环境.而农业部门也应依照环保法第7条对农业资源的保护实施监督管理.县级环保行政主管部门和监测站在做好城镇工业污染监测、环境质量监测的同时,要加强对农业生态环境监测的研究,如生态环境监测指标体系、项目、方法、生态环境质量评价等等.县级环保行政主管部门及监测站必须认识到开展农业生态环境管理和监测的重要性;同时,要在人员编制、仪器装备上加以充实和完善,结合当地的建设积极探索环境的管理和监测.海安县在生态农业建设上积累了多年经验.县环保局和监测站在为生态农业建设服务方面作了有益的探索.我们刊载本文的目的一是希望大家重视生态农业的环境监测;二是不断探索、交流生态农业监测的技术和经验;三是希望县级站能在生态农业监测方面 相似文献
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对空气中甲醛测定的采样方法进行了探讨 ,分别用水和稀硫酸作吸收液对空气甲醛进行采样研究。结果表明 ,用 0 .0 0 5mol LH2 SO4 作吸收液的采样方法 ,可有效、稳定地延长样品的保存时间 ,且又符合方法灵敏度和精密度的要求。 相似文献
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从履约压力看环境监测发展方向 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分析了在当前履约压力下环境监测的薄弱与不足之处,提出了拓展环境空气监测内容,将生态调查和多样性监测纳入常规体系,推进有机监测技术发展,加大多边合作与联合监测的发展思路. 相似文献
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为了解泰东河疏浚工程对通榆河水质的影响,于2012年6月8日、9月12日、12月6日,对泰东河沿线以及通榆河东台段进行调查取样,分析施工期间河体水质变化。结果表明,施工期间水质参数基本保持在Ⅱ~Ⅲ类。根据江苏省水环境监测中心盐城分中心2011年、2013年监测资料评价分析,泰东河河道疏浚后,清理了河床淤泥,提高了泰东河的行洪、抗洪以及通航能力,其水质的好转有效地改善了下游通榆河的水质,确保了饮水安全。 相似文献
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J.F. Paul C.J. Strobel B.D. Melzian J.A. Kiddon J.S. Latimer D.E. Campbell D.J. Cobb 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,51(1-2):269-284
The U.S. EPA has prepared a State of the Region Report for Mid-Atlantic Estuaries to increase knowledge of environmental condition for improved environmental management. Sources of information included the National Estuary Programs, the Chesapeake Bay Program, the state monitoring programs in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, Federal programs such as National Status & Trends, National Shellfish Register, National Wetlands Inventory, the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program, and other primary literature sources. The state of the estuarine environment was summarized using indicators for water and sediment quality, habitat change, condition of living resources, and aesthetic quality. Each indicator was briefly discussed relative to its importance in understanding estuarine condition. Wherever possible, data from multiple programs were used to depict condition. Finally, an overall evaluation of estuarine condition in the region was determined. The usefulness of monitoring programs that collect consistent information with a well-defined sampling design cannot be overemphasized. 相似文献
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Monitoring of estuaries in the Louisianian Province was performed annually from 1991–1994 to assess ecological conditions on a regional scale. We found over the four years of monitoring, 25±6% of Gulf of Mexico estuarine sediments in the Louisianian Province displayed poor biological conditions, as measured by benthic community structure, and 14±7% of the area was characterized by poor water clarity, the presence of marine debris, and elevated levels of fish tissue contaminants. Using statistical associations to discern relationships between ecological condition and exposure or stressor data has shown that much of this degraded' condition co-occurs with sediment contamination. 相似文献
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Ibáñez R Condit R Angehr G Aguilar S García T Martínez R Sanjur A Stallard R Wright SJ Rand AS Heckadon S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,80(1):65-95
In 1996, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Republic of Panama's Environmental Authority, with support fromthe United States Agency for International Development, undertook a comprehensive program to monitor the ecosystem of the Panama Canal watershed. The goals were to establish baselineindicators for the integrity of forest communities and rivers. Based on satellite image classification and ground surveys, the2790 km2 watershed had 1570 km2 of forest in 1997, 1080 km2 of which was in national parks and nature monuments. Most of the 490 km2 of forest not currently in protected areas lies along the west bank of the Canal, and its managementstatus after the year 2000 turnover of the Canal from the U.S. to Panama remains uncertain. In forest plots designed to monitorforest diversity and change, a total of 963 woody plant specieswere identified and mapped. We estimate there are a total of 850–1000 woody species in forests of the Canal corridor. Forestsof the wetter upper reaches of the watershed are distinct in species composition from the Canal corridor, and have considerably higher diversity and many unknown species. Theseremote areas are extensively forested, poorly explored, and harbor an estimated 1400–2200 woody species. Vertebrate monitoring programs were also initiated, focusing on species threatened by hunting and forest fragmentation. Large mammals are heavily hunted in most forests of Canal corridor, and therewas clear evidence that mammal density is greatly reduced in hunted areas and that this affects seed predation and dispersal. The human population of the watershed was 113 000 in 1990, and grew by nearly 4% per year from 1980 to 1990. Much of this growth was in a small region of the watershed on the outskirts of Panama City, but even rural areas, including villages near and within national parks, grew by 2% per year. There is no sewage treatment in the watershed, and many towns have no trashcollection, thus streams near large towns are heavily polluted. Analyses of sediment loads in rivers throughout the watershed did not indicate that erosion has been increasing as a result ofdeforestation, rather, erosion seems to be driven largely by total rainfall and heavy rainfall events that cause landslides.Still, models suggest that large-scale deforestation would increase landslide frequency, and failure to detect increases inerosion could be due to the gradual deforestation rate and the short time period over which data are available. A study of runoff showed deforestation increased the amount of water fromrainfall that passed directly into streams. As a result, dry season flow was reduced in a deforested catchment relative to aforested one. Currently, the Panama Canal watershed has extensive forest areasand streams relatively unaffected by humans. But impacts of hunting and pollution near towns are clear, and the burgeoningpopulation will exacerbate these impacts in the next few decades.Changes in policies regarding forest protection and pollution control are necessary. 相似文献
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Palma C Valença M Pestana da Silva P Biscaya JL 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2000,2(5):512-516
As part of the monitoring program from Instituto Hidrográfico, since 1981 sediment and water samples have been collected from four different estuarine areas located along the continental coast of Portugal. The concentrations of different parameters were measured in the water and sediment samples. After normalization, the concentrations of chromium, mercury, lead and zinc in the sediments from the different areas were compared. 相似文献