Differential degradation of crude oil （Bonny Light） by four Pseudomonas strains

Four hydrocarbon degraders isolated from enriched oil- and asphalt-contaminated soils in Lagos, Nigeria, were tested for their petroleum degradation potentials. All the isolates were identified as species of Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas putida P11 demonstrated a strong ability to degrade kerosene, gasoline, diesel, engine oil and crude oil while P. aeruginosa BB3 exhibited fair degradative ability on crude oil, gasoline, engine oil, anthracene and pyrene but weak on kerosene, diesel and dibenzothiophene. Pseudomonas putida WL2 and P. aeruginosa MVL1 grew on crude oil and all its cuts tested with the latter possessing similar polycyclic aromatic potentials as P11. All the strains grew logarithmically with 1–2 orders of magnitude and with generation time ranging significantly between 3.07 and 8.55 d at 0.05 level of confidence. Strains WL2 and MVL1 utilized the oil substrate best with more than 70% in 6 d experimental period, whereas the same feat was achieved by P11 in 12 d period. BB3 on the other hand degraded only 46% within 6 d. Interestingly, data obtained from gas chromatographic analysis of oil recovered from the culture fluids of MVL1 confirmed near-disappearance of major peaks (including aliphatics and aromatics) in the hydrocarbon mixture.     

两株细菌对邻氯硝基苯的协同降解

在纯培养和水体模拟培养条件下,分别研究了对氯苯和硝基苯具有高效降解性能的两株土著菌Acinetobacter calcoaceticus和Pseudomonasputida对邻氯硝基苯的协同降解效果.结果表明,纯培养条件下不同菌悬液对邻氯硝基苯的降解能力大小顺序为:混合菌群PseudomonasputidaAcinetobacter calcoaceticus,培养6d后,混合菌群对邻氯硝基苯的降解率可达到94.5%;混合菌群降解邻氯硝基苯的过程中伴随着NO2-和Cl-的释放,且NO2-的释放早于Cl-,Cl-的总净释放量大于NO2-;葡萄糖的加入能显著促进菌体细胞的生长,降低亚硝酸根离子的积累,但未能显著提高邻氯硝基苯的降解效果.在水体模拟培养条件下,水相中邻氯硝基苯的去除主要依靠混合菌群的降解作用;底泥、鹅卵石及其表面附着的生物能明显促进邻氯硝基苯的去除;在相同条件下培养8d后,基质为底泥时邻氯硝基苯的去除效率可达92.5%,大于基质为鹅卵石时的去除率(85.5%).研究结果可为环境中邻氯硝基苯的去除提供新的途径.     

双菌种协同代谢酚类化合物的机制研究

以恶臭假单胞菌和热带假丝酵母为对象,进行了苯酚、间甲酚和4-氯酚的生物降解实验,研究了2种菌的纯培养和混合培养方式下3种酚的降解特性和代谢机制.结果表明,当苯酚、间甲酚和4-氯酚的初始浓度分别为100、50和60 mg.L-1时,相对于纯培养,混合培养的动力学常数k的绝对值分别提高了19.0%、2.6%和46.4%.苯...     

石油降解菌的筛选及其降解效率的研究

从石油污染土壤中分离纯化得到1株特征明显的石油降解菌,研究了不同的油含量、温度及添加物等因素对石油降解菌的脂酶活性和除油率的影响。结果表明:实验菌株属于假单胞菌属;脂酶活性与除油率正相关;除油率随油浓度的升高而降低;石油降解率通常随温度的降低而降低;添加蔗糖不利于石油的降解;添加表面活性剂吐温80有利于脂酶的产生和代谢。     

Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources by Pseudomonas putida OCNB-1

A bacterial strain that utilized o-chloronitrobenzene(o-CNB) as the sole carbon,nitrogen and energy sources was isolated from an activated sludge collected from an industrial waste treatment plant. It was identified as Pseudomonas putida based on its morphology,physiological,and biochemical characteristics with an automatic biometrical system and the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Microcosm study showed that the biodegradation of o-CNB was optimized at culture medium pH 8.0 and 32°C. At these conditions,the st...     

活性炭固定耐冷菌对硝基苯的降解特性

研究了用颗粒活性炭固定耐冷菌(Pseudomonas putida)对硝基苯降解的强化作用.结果表明,细菌被活性炭固定后,对硝基苯的降解能力提高.降解浓度为200mg/L的硝基苯所用时间由固定前的34h左右缩短为29.5h.浓度为400mg/L的硝基苯,对细菌有强烈抑制作用,细菌无法生长,但固定化细菌可直接降解浓度为400mg/L的硝基苯,且降解浓度为600mg/L的硝基苯只需46h.固定化细菌可连续4次降解浓度为400mg/L以下的硝基苯,但随着次数增多,降解速率减慢.用SEM扫描200mg/L硝基苯降解末期的生物活性炭的结果表明,Pseudomonas putida菌是降解过程中唯一的细菌.     

海洋石油降解酵母的分离鉴定与降解特性

以原油为唯一碳源,采用富集培养、平板涂布分离、平板划线纯化及摇瓶复筛等方法,从表层海水或海泥中分离得到2株具有较强石油降解能力的菌株SYB-5和SYB-2. 根据菌落及菌体形态、生理生化特征和分子生物学分析、鉴定显示,SYB-5为季也蒙毕赤酵母(Meyerozyma guilliermondii/Pichia guilliermondii),SYB-2为长孢洛德酵母(Lodderomyces elongisporus). 对2株酵母菌的石油降解性能的研究结果表明,SYB-5和SYB-2以原油组分作为碳源,以(NH₄)₂SO₄和(NH₄)₃PO₄作为氮源,在ρ(NaCl)为30g/L、氧气充足的条件下,生长的最适温度分别为36和32℃,pH均为7.0. 在最适生长条件下,培养5d后的原油降解率分别达到45.8%和34.4%. 当2株菌混合培养时,培养5d的原油降解率可提高到53.9%,培养8d时达到56.4%,说明2株菌利用原油作碳源生长时具有协同作用.      

生物活性炭纤维对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮的去除及其优势降解菌的鉴定

采用生物活性炭纤维(BACF)水处理装置处理微污染原水中氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮,最佳去除率达到90.0%以上,使微污染原水中氨氮质量浓度由《地表水质环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)中的Ⅲ类提高到Ⅰ类.通过多点采样,多次反复筛选,从自制的BACF水处理装置中筛选出对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮具有较强去除效能的优势菌种.通过对菌株的个体形态特征、菌落形态特征进行观察,采用微生物鉴定仪进行鉴定,最终确定2种优势菌为恶臭假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌属.推断出生物活性炭纤维水处理装置微生物降解氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的可能过程.      

Effcient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the e ciency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 g glucose/(cm2 day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

Efficient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

高效烃类降解菌在稠油污水生化处理中的应用

从稠油污水中筛选出四株高效烃类降解菌株,经初步鉴定HD-1、HD-2、HD-4为假单胞菌属,HD-3为芽孢杆菌属。研究了菌株对高温高盐环境的耐受性,采用正交试验法确定了最佳降解效果时各菌的投加量。同时采用生物接触氧化工艺进行了室内模拟实验,探索了高温环境下所筛选菌株对稠油污水的处理效果,重点研究菌株对含油量和COD的去除能力。通过逐渐缩短停留时间,最终将停留时间缩短为8h,发现这种条件下,出水的含油量<1mg/L,达到了高压注汽锅炉用水的标准,对COD的去除率达到70%,去除效果也非常显著。     

质粒pJP4水平转移介导生物膜系统强化降解2,4-D效应

以携带质粒pJP4[其上含编码2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,2,4-D)降解功能的基因簇(tfd)]的基因工程菌Pseudomonas putida SM1443::gfp2x(pJP4::dsRed)为供体菌,以生物膜系统为对象,通过半连续流实验研究了质粒pJP4水平转移介导基因强化降解2,4-D效应,考察了目标基因在系统中存在状况及基因强化对系统菌群结构的影响.结果表明,以2,4-D(初始浓度为170 mg/L±10 mg/L)为唯一碳源,向生物膜系统加入携pJP4质粒的基因工程菌对2,4-D的降解具有促进作用,运行初期,促进作用较弱,随着半连续流反应的进行,促进作用显著增强,基因强化系统较对照系统对2,4-D的平均降解速率之差达13.3 mg/(L.h).通过对基因强化系统功能基因片段tfdB基因及报告基因gfp的跟踪检测,证实了在pJP4质粒介导下生物膜系统基因水平转移的发生.PCR-DGGE结果表明基因强化的生物膜系统较对照系统在受到2,4-D冲击条件下保持了相对更加稳定的菌群结构.     

原油降解菌的筛选鉴定及降解特性的研究

实验从河北省唐山市柳赞镇冀东油田油井污水中筛选出8株以原油为唯一碳源的降解菌株(编号为T1-8),通过形态学特征观察以及16SrDNA分子生物学鉴定,确定这8个菌株分别为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)、Bacillus safensis、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter pulmonis)、鲁氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter lwoffii)、纺锤芽孢杆菌(Bacillus fusiformis)和洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)。采用无机盐培养基,以华北任丘油田原油为唯一碳源,分别对上述8种菌株进行原油降解能力测试,通过为期7d的降解,其相对应的降解率分别为67.14%、43.13%、30.37%、24.74%、43.00%、37.94%、55.28%和14.51%,而且其中的金黄色葡萄球菌和嗜冷杆菌对原油具有降解能力为首次报导。后续对铜绿假单胞菌进行了影响降解率的单因素实验,实验结果显示在pH为7、初始原油浓度为5g/L和菌液接种量1mL(约1.8×1010cfu/mL)时铜绿假单胞菌对原油的降解率达到其最大值67.14%。     

Efficient degradation of lube off by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier.Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Pxl, Bacillus sp.Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization.The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances),which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm~2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

Tween-80和鼠李糖脂对铜绿假单胞菌及枯草芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶的影响

研究了添加表面活性剂Tween-80和生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对从堆肥中筛选得到的铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌生产蛋白酶的影响.用固态发酵的方法,对添加不同浓度的表面活性剂对这2种微生物产蛋白酶能力的影响、2种微生物产蛋白酶能力的差异以及发酵过程中的一些参数(包括菌体数、酶提取液表面张力、pH值和挥发性有机质)进行了考察.结果表明,Tween-80对铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶有较大促进作用,添加浓度为0.05%时,能分别使铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶最高酶活提高65%和30%;鼠李糖脂对铜绿假单胞菌产蛋白酶有轻微抑制作用,但能将枯草芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶,当添加浓度为0.018%时,鼠李糖脂能将枯草芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶最高酶活提高51%.铜绿假单胞菌产蛋白酶能力明显强于枯草芽孢杆菌,前者对照样的蛋白酶产量是后者对照样蛋白酶产量的6倍多.发酵过程中,铜绿假单胞菌酶提取液的表面张力明显低于枯草芽孢杆菌;添加表面活性剂对菌体生长有一定影响,但对pH值变化影响不大;挥发性有机质变化与微生物酶活成正相关关系.     

质粒基因强化活性污泥系统对2,4–D的降解

以携带质粒pJP4[含编码2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4-D)降解功能的基因片段]的基因工程菌Pseudomonas putida SM1443::gfp2x (pJP4::dsRed)为供体菌,通过半连续流实验研究了质粒基因强化对活性污泥系统的2,4-D的降解效应及菌群结构的影响.结果表明,以初始浓度约为320mg/L的2,4-D为唯一碳源,向活性污泥系统投加携带pJP4质粒的基因工程菌P. putida,运行初期,降解促进作用不明显;随着半连续流反应的进行,促进作用显著增强.与对照系统相比,降解速率之差最高为6.67mg/(L·h).从基因强化系统中筛选到1株占有优势的接合子,经鉴定为Alcaligenes sp.::pJP4. Alcaligenes sp.本身不具备降解2,4-D的能力,获得质粒pJP4后,对2,4-D降解能力大幅度提高,与野生型2,4-D高效降解菌Bacillus sp.相当. PCR-DGGE分析表明,在受到2,4-D冲击条件下基因强化的活性污泥系统较对照系统保持了相对更加稳定的菌群结构.     

硝基苯好氧降解的共基质及生物协同作用

通过研究多菌种多基质条件下硝基苯的降解以便寻找提高实际废水处理效率的途径,从不同菌源中筛选与驯化获得硝基苯的高效降解菌枯草芽孢杆菌、门多萨假单孢菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌及人苍白杆菌.研究这些菌种好氧降解硝基苯过程中的生物协同作用及其基质效应,构建实际废水处理的生物降解体系．结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌和人苍白杆菌之间存在协同降解作用．加入人苍白杆菌后可使质量浓度为232．0mg/L硝基苯被完全降解的时间从145h缩短为85h;由枯草芽孢杆菌、门多萨假单孢菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌组成的混合降解实验发现,枯草芽孢杆菌和门多萨假单孢菌之间存在一定程度的相互抑制作用;当加入肺炎克雷伯氏菌后抑制作用消失,降解速度加快.复合菌的作用明显优于各菌单独作用或任何两种菌之间的配合效果.经氯霉素制药厂含硝基苯实际废水的检验,混合菌在降解硝基苯的同时也使COD成分得到有效去除．     

生物滴滤塔净化低浓度苯乙烯废气的研究

在生物滴滤塔中进行低浓度苯乙烯废气的生物净化实验,建立动力学模型,测定苯乙烯实验数据并定性定量检测生物膜微种群。当进口气体浓度为200～1000mg/m3、气体流量0.2～0.25 L/h、液体喷淋量10×10-3～12×10-3m3/h、停留时间50～65s、循环液体pH6.5～7.5时,净化效率为90%～99%。动力学模型的模拟计算值与实验值之间有很好的相关性,相关系数R为0.96～0.99。湿润生物膜微群落的优势菌种群包括恶臭假单胞菌、梭形芽胞杆菌、罗非氏不动杆菌等。恶臭假单胞菌的最大活菌数为5.5×107CFU/g,并随生物滴滤塔运行时间延长有减少趋势。     

MBR和CAS工艺污泥在贫营养培养条件下的微生物群落结构研究

采用聚合酶链式-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术,研究了膜生物反应器（MBR）和传统活性污泥工艺（CAS）反应器中微生物在贫营养条件下的总细菌群落结构.结果表明,在培养过程中,污泥的微生物种群经历了一个比较明显的变化过程,且以CAS污泥微生物种群的变化更为明显,演替过程中既有原始优势种群的消亡,又有新的优势种群...     

芽孢杆菌与假单胞菌的疏水性及其应用

根据细菌在烃-水两相体系中的细胞数量研究了芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌的表面疏水性及其在不同环境条件下的变化.试验结果显示,正辛醇-水两相体系适用于芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌这类细菌的表面疏水性的研究.细菌表面的疏水性随培养时间,温度和pH值的变化而发生改变.芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌的疏水性与其在水环境中对有机污染物的降解呈一定的相关性.疏水性大的细菌对疏水性有机物的降解速度较疏水性小的细菌快,在其表面的生长速度也更快.探讨了细菌表面的疏水性在养殖生态系统中的生态学意义,为养殖水体有机污染的生物修复提供新的理论基础.