共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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本文利用2011—2015年我国省际面板数据,通过主成分分析法构造区域环境污染指标以衡量区域环境治理绩效,进而建立面板数据模型,实证分析了三种公众环境参与方式(即投诉上访、献言建策和自媒体舆论)对区域环境治理绩效的直接和间接影响,以期为构建政府—企业—公众多元共治的环境治理体系提出建议。实证结果表明,我国公众环境参与对提升区域环境治理绩效有一定的积极作用,自媒体舆论对区域环境治理绩效的直接影响最大。同时,我国公众主要是通过参与并监督政府环境行政规制提升区域环境治理绩效,在参与地方政府环境法律政策的制定和实施,以及驱动地方政府环保资金投入方面尚有不足。因此,本文提出提升区域环境治理绩效的三点建议:创建公众环境参与政法平台,健全公众环境参与自媒体方式,增加环境治理的环保投资。 相似文献
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环境损害事件发生后,行政机关第一时间应清除损害并进行评估与修复,但我国生态环境损害的救济立法规定相对粗糙,难以具有执行力.而《瑞典环境法典》则从本国国情出发制定其环境损害评估与修复制度,污染发生后环境监督机关迅速进入污染区域调查并制作报告,明确事后治理责任主体,并通过环境质量标准确定损害修复应达到的水平并开展损害修复工... 相似文献
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自然资源资产负债表的编制是生态文明建设制度创新的一项重大举措。本文依据\"先实物后价值、先存量后流量、先有形后无形\"的原则构建自然资源资产负债表框架结构,在遥感和GIS技术支持下探索自然资源资产负债表编制核算路径,确定土地资源、矿产资源、水资源、林木资源、土壤资源、大气资源等六类有形资产核算指标,以及生物多样性维持功能、碳固定功能、水源涵养功能、土壤保持功能等四类无形资产核算指标,并以浙江省为例,完成了浙江省自然资源资产负债表的编制与其核算过程。研究结果表明：①浙江省2014年自然资源资产存量价值约为126 800亿元,相当于当年浙江省GDP的3倍,是浙江省可持续发展的重要基础;② 2000-2014年浙江省自然资源资产存量价值总体呈上升趋势,固定资产存量价值增加900亿元,无形资产存量价值增加200亿元;③ 2000-2014年浙江省自然资源资产负债累计2100亿元,大气资源负债占比最高,达39.07%,其次是水资源负债,达27.07%。本文提出的自然资源资产负债表编制与核算经验,可为全国自然资源资产负债表编制提供有益探索。 相似文献
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自然资源资产仍然是一个新概念,还需要在理论和方法层面进行系统的研究。就当今及今后一个时期看,自然资源资产负债表的编制和自然资源资产审计,是亟需研究的理论和现实问题。在此,重点对自然资源资产的概念、属性、分类进行探讨,并就自然资源资产负债表及编制的重点与基础,自然资源资产审计及其重点与方式等,进行系统讨论。 相似文献
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通过场地污染情况调查对某土壤有机污染的环境损害进行鉴定评估,分析了污染物性质、事件发生的空间范围及时间范围,对环境损害进行了量化,以期为相关案例评估提供依据。 相似文献
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本文从自然资源的含义谈起，说明了不仅自然资源的有用性对人类很重要，而且其所具有的生态环境功能更重要。提出了摆脱生态环境危机，首先要转变人们对自然资源根深蒂固的认识，坚持自然资源的开发与保护并重，走可持续利用自然资源之路。 相似文献
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林艳宇 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2004,14(2):37-41
美国空气质量许可证制度是美国控制污染的一项重要的环保措施,经过几十年的实践已经形成了完善的框架和丰富的内涵,可为我国在建构和完善排污许可证制度的过程中作一借鉴。美国的空气质量许可证制度有周密细致的法律法规和先进成熟的科学技术作为支持,在理论上其性质定位为一种事先的全面的许可,在实践上许可证的执行强调企业的责任和技术的更新,并引入排污削减指标的交易政策把环保事业推向市场,这些都是我国的排污许可证制度所值得研究和学习的。 相似文献
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《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2012,55(4):525-544
One consequence of the transition of rural communities from industrialised agriculture and natural resource extraction to sustainable development principles has been the rise of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). CBNRM entails collaborative efforts, typically involving local, state and federal agencies, private firms and landowners, non-governmental organisations such as environmental and economic development groups, and watershed councils. There are no agreed-upon metrics or even broadly accepted approaches for assessing the effectiveness of these new institutions. A good deal of work has been done on evaluating collaborative processes and some on environmental outcomes, but almost none on the socio-economic effects of their activities. To help fill the gap we have been conducting a long-term action research project in Oregon, an analysis of the most effective approaches to the design and implementation of measures of the socio-economic health of communities in which watershed stewardship organisations are active. In this paper we present one case, a participatory process developing socio-economic measures for monitoring CBNRM. We describe the process and the resulting measures. It is expected that the measures will be systematically updated and tracked by the community over the next decade or more. The case study illustrates the necessity and challenges of developing measures for CBNRM that are locally meaningful. 相似文献
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Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world with a very low per capita income. The increasing poverty and instability in the political front led to degradation of the environment and natural resources in the country. The present article reviews the current use of natural resources in Bangladesh and the emerging issues in sustainable management of those scarce resources. The paper shows that developments in one sector have adversely affected resources in related sectors and calls for an integrated approach to management of the environment and natural resources in a sustainable manner. The development of strong institutional mechanisms is necessary to facilitate the sustainable management of resources and to prevent further deterioration of the environment. 相似文献
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Mario Giampietro Sandra G. F. Bukkens 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1992,5(1):27-57
The problem of assessing the sustainability of human development is discussed in theoretical and practical terms.In Part I, two theoretical tools for describing the challenge of assessing sustainable development are introduced and briefly discussed: (i) the use of an energetic model to describe the dynamic interaction between the human and the biophysical compartment; (ii) basic concepts derived from the hierarchy theory applied to the development of human society. Sustainable and ethical development of human society requires the consideration of three hierarchical levels: the biosphere, the societal and the individual level. Such a holistic assessment can be obtained by integrating scientific and ethical considerations.In Part II, data illustrating the current terms of the dilemma of human development are presented and discussed within the theoretical frame provided in Part I. It is argued that even if we had a better understanding of the consequeces of human activity on the biosphere, current modes of organization of human society and its economic activity do not readily enable adequate planning for the sustainable development of mankind. Ideologies that can bias the discussion and the assessment of sustainable and ethical development are discussed. No solution is at hand; therefore, when we consider human development today, we are facing a high level of uncertainty. 相似文献
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In a landscape of fragmented private ownership, the need to coordinate game management across large areas presents challenges for landowners and public agencies alike. This paper describes how a recent reorganization of moose management in Norway achieves landscape-level planning while maintaining a tradition of local management by hunting teams. These two seemingly contradictory imperatives – coordinating wildlife management across large areas while keeping benefits and control in the hands of local resource users – are resolved through a nesting of management institutions, wherein the state serves a regulatory function and mid-level government (the county) serves to facilitate inter-local cooperation. This paper documents how the system is structured and describes the balance of incentives that enable the system to work. Information was gathered via interviews with staff at the Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management (now called the Norwegian Environment Agency), with wildlife management officials at the municipal level, with hunters, and from the most recent regulatory documents. 相似文献
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Social learning is increasingly cited as an essential component of sustainable natural resource management and the promotion of desirable behavioural change. This paper attempts to contribute to the current debate about social learning and public participation by reviewing the many perspectives on social learning and associated claims and benefits. Based on this analysis the paper identifies conceptual and practical weaknesses of the concept of social learning and their implications for the design of participatory processes in natural resource management. 相似文献
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Refining the Use of Habitat Equivalency Analysis 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Thur SM 《Environmental management》2007,40(1):161-170
When natural resources are injured or destroyed in violation of certain U.S. federal or state statutes, government agencies
have the responsibility to ensure the public is compensated through ecological restoration for the loss of the natural resources
and services they provide. Habitat equivalency analysis is a service-to-service approach to scaling restoration commonly used
in natural resource damage assessments. Calculation of the present value of resource services lost due to injury and gained
from compensatory restoration projects is complicated by assumptions concerning the within-time period crediting of losses
and gains. Conventional beginning-of-period accounting leads to an underestimate of the loss due to injury and an overestimate
of the gains from compensatory projects in cases with linear recovery projections. The resulting compensatory requirement
is often insufficient to offset the true loss suffered by the public. Two algebraic equations are offered to correct for these
estimation inaccuracies, and a numerical example is used to illustrate the magnitude of error for a typical, though hypothetical,
injury scenario. 相似文献
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There has been a shift in natural resource management worldwide. This paper describes how modern institutions and policies influence management and shape access to and utilization of resources by rural communities in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. It is rooted in the framework of adaptive co‐governance within social‐ecological systems, and employs a critical literature review to analyse access to and use of natural resources in rural Botswana. Prior to the establishment of community‐based natural resource management (CBNRM) in Botswana in 1989, resource governance was dominated by strong traditional institutions that were responsible for natural resource management and decision‐making. Contemporary natural resource governance is characterized by a bureaucratic system that invariably undermines the role of traditional institutions in natural resource governance. Findings indicate that policies and regulatory instruments deny rural communities adequate access to and utilization of resources available within their immediate environment. In spite of an orientation towards an anthropocentric approach to natural resource management (as in the case of CBNRM), the current governance system continues to undermine the inclusion of local resource users as legitimate stakeholders in the decision‐making process. 相似文献
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Maria Helena Guimarães Annie McKee Maria Luísa Lima Lia Vasconcelos Tomasz Boski Tomaz Dentinho 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(10):1827-1852
The definition of management actions in natural resource management requires the integration of all types of knowledge involved. An appropriate approach for such a challenge is the ideal of transdisciplinarity. A transdisciplinary process can be considered “consultative” when knowledge is simply gathered and collated, or “participatory” when knowledge integration is undertaken collectively. In this paper, we present a mixed mode procedure (i.e., using interviews, questionnaires, and group discussions) that empirically demonstrates the difference between consultative and participatory transdisciplinary processes. The mixed mode procedure is used for identifying the most relevant problems occurring in the coastal system of Praia da Vitória bay, Azores, Portugal. This mixed mode procedure is likely to be useful for other studies, because the results highlight the need to promote face-to-face interaction at the earliest opportunity, and because it allows an understanding to be gained of social learning processes, the influence of power, and participant behaviour during interaction with others. 相似文献