新型复合无机高分子混凝剂——聚硅氯化铝(PASC)的净水效果研究

采用共聚方法制备了系列具有不同碱化度（B）和Al/Si摩尔比的聚硅氯化铝（PASC），比较了它们与聚合氯化铝（PAC）的混凝效果及在处理后水中的残留铝含量，研究了B值和pH值对其残留铝含量的影响情况。探讨了PASC的混凝效果和残留铝含量与Al/Si摩尔比之间的关系。结果表明，PASC较PAC具有更好的混凝效果和较低的残留铝含量。对于高浊度水而言，具有适宜Al/Si摩尔比的PASC才具有良好的混凝效果，但对中、低浊度的地表水和含油废水而言，在实验的Al/Si摩尔比范围内，其值越小，混凝效果就越好。PASC在水体中的残留铝含量随着Al/Si摩尔比的降低和B值的升高而下降。PASC和PAC在中性pH条件下具有最低的残留铝含量。     

用流动电流技术研究聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的电动特性

采用流动电流（SC）技术,研究比较了聚硅氯化铝（PASC）与聚合氯化铝（PAC）的电动特性．研究结果表明,在PASC中,由于带负电荷的聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物间的相互作用,使得PASC的电中和能力较PAC有所下降,其下降程度与PASC的碱化度（B）和Al/Si摩尔比密切相关,B值和Al/Si摩尔比越小,则PASC的电中和能力就越弱．制备工艺对PASC的电中和能力略有影响.     

聚硅氯化铝(PASC)混凝剂的颗粒大小及分子量分布

采用共聚与复合两种制备工艺,研制出碱化度（B） 为2.0 的具有不同 Al/Si 摩尔比的聚硅氯化铝（ 简称 PASC） 混凝剂．一种方法是将 NaCl加入到不同 Al/Si摩尔比的 AlCl₃6H₂O和聚硅酸混合液中;另一种方法是按一定的Al/Si 摩尔比将聚硅酸加入到聚合氯化铝液中．应用光子相关光谱（PCS） 和超滤膜过滤方法对 PASC 及聚合氯化铝（PAC） 的颗粒大小及分子量分布进行对比测定．结果表明,在PASC中,由于聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物间的相互作用,生成了聚集体更大的聚合物,显著提高了聚集体的粒径,这种提高以共聚法最为明显; Al/Si摩尔比影响PASC的聚集度,Al/Si摩尔比越小, PASC 的聚集度就越大．     

用透射电镜研究聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的结构形貌

用透射电镜观察比较了聚硅氯化铝（PASC）与聚合氯化铝（PAC）混凝剂的结构形貌，探讨了碱化度（B）、Al/Si摩尔比、及制备工艺对PASC结构形貌的影响，研究结果表明，PASC较PAC具有更大的聚集度和枝化度，PASC的聚集度随B值的升高和Al/Si摩尔比的降低而增大，共聚法制备的PASC较复合法制备的PASC具有更大的聚集度。     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂的形态及带电特性研究

以ＡｌＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ、ＮａＯＨ、盐酸和水玻璃为原料制备了不同碱化度（Ｂ）及不同Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比的系列聚硅氯化铝混凝剂（ＰＡＳＣ）,采用Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法和微电泳技术研究了ＰＡＳＣ中铝的水解产物形态分布及铝的水解沉淀物的带电特性,考察了Ｂ及Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比对ＰＡＳＣ中铝水解产物形态分布及带电特性的影响情况,并与聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）进行了比较,实验结果表明,Ｂ对ＰＡＳＣ的形态分布有较大     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂中Al(Ⅲ)水解聚合历程及铝硅作用特性研究

采用共聚与复合两种制备工艺，制备出了系列具有不同碱化度和不同Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比的聚硅氯化铝混凝剂，分析研究了ＰＡＳＣ中Ａｌ（Ⅲ）的水解－聚合历程以及聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物的相互作用，探讨了ＰＡＳＣ溶液的酸解聚。     

Fractionation of residual Al in natural water treatment from reservoir with poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC): Effect of OH/Al, Si/Al molar ratios and initial pH

An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC) in terms of the residual Al fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual Al ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual Al sources were the Al fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual Al species and the residual Al ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/Al molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/Al molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual Al concentrations. The Al fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended (filterable) Al fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-Al complex Al was considered to be the major species of dissolved Al in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric Al species dominated the dissolved monomeric Al fraction.     

以TEOS为硅源的聚硅氯化铝中铝及硅形态分布

以正硅酸乙酯 (TEOS)为硅源 ,合成了新型的聚硅氯化铝 (PASC) ,利用Al Ferron逐时络合比色法和Si Mo逐时络合比色法分别研究了其Al形态及Si形态分布 ,并与常规方法 (以硅酸钠为硅源 )合成的聚硅氯化铝做了比较 .实验结果表明 ,新方法合成的PASC具有铝硅分布均匀 ,分子量较大 ,产品重现性好的优点 .两种方法合成的PASC具有相同的Al形态分布规律 ,即高分子量Al形态含量随B值 (碱化度 )和Si Al摩尔比的增大而增加 ,Al形态随Si Al摩尔比的变化程度随B值的增大而增大 .另外通过新方法发现 ,Si形态分布也具有规律性并和Al形态具有相似的分布特征 ,但Si形态随Si Al摩尔比的变化程度随B值的增大而减小 .     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂除油效果的试验

制备不同碱化度和不同Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比的系列聚硅氯化铝作为混凝剂，实验考察了Ｂ，Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比及ＰＨ值对除油效果的影响，并考察了ＰＡＳＣ去除ＣＯＤ的效果。结果表明，Ｂ对ＰＡＳＣ混凝除油效果影响较大，随Ｂ值增大，除油效果提高；Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比对ＰＡＳＣ混凝除油效果影响较小；     

Ferron逐时络合比色法研究TEOS－PAC中AI的形态

以TEOS为原料,将其与AlCl_3溶液混合后再缓慢滴加Na0H溶液,合成出具有不同Si/Al比和B值的复合絮凝剂样品TEOS-PAC。用Ferron逐时络合比色法对其Al形态分布及转化特征进行了研究,并与以硅酸钠(Na_2SiO_3·9H_2O)为原料相同条件下制备的样品作了比较,初步得出了Si/Al比和β值对TEOS-PAC复合絮凝剂中Al形态的影响规律。     

聚合氯化铝中Al_(13)形态水解稳定性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶柱层析法分离纯化聚合氯化铝(PAC)中的Al13形态,并采用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法对比研究了Al13形态、PAC和Al13三种样品水解稳定性。研究结果表明Al13形态无论是对于稀释倍数、介质的pH值和水解时间都具有较高的水解稳定性,是给水和废水处理中的一种较为有效的Al形态。     

聚合氯化铝去除污泥水中磷的工艺优化

在对比聚合氯化铝(PAC)对浓缩脱水污泥水及其上清液除磷效果的基础上,通过响应曲面法(RSM)分析了污泥水上清液PAC除磷过程中Al/P摩尔比、pH和搅拌转速(MS)对除磷效果的单独效应和联合效应,并探讨了PAC除磷动力学.结果表明,PAC直接对污泥水混凝除磷会恶化其沉降性能,且除磷效率不高.RSM优化得到的上清液除磷最优工艺条件为:Al/P摩尔比为2.49,pH为8.3,MS为398 r·min-1,除磷效率为97.8%,实验验证结果表明该优化操作模式行之有效.动力学分析结果表明,PAC对污泥水的除磷过程分为化学沉淀与絮凝体快速吸附除磷和二级动力学沉淀除磷两阶段.     

以TEOS为硅源的聚硅氯化铝絮凝剂的制备及其物化特征

采用TEOS为硅源合成制备了新型的聚硅氯化铝PASC(A),并与传统方法合成的聚硅氯化铝PASC(B) 做了比较,探讨了产品的pH值和Zeta电位随B值和Si/Al摩尔比的变化关系,并利用酸解反应和²⁷Al NMR研究了硅引入对PASC分子结构和铝形态的影响.结果表明,由于采用了特殊的合成方法,与PASC(B)相比,PASC(A)具有更高的聚合度,分子量分布并且分子中铝硅分布均匀,不易被酸解聚,而且有利于Al₁₃形态稳定性.     

Morphology and electrical conductivity of PACS

Polyaluminium chlorides with sulfate ion(PACS) were prepared by using AlCl3· 6H2O, Al(SO4 )3· 18H2O and Na2CO3 as raw materials. The effects of basicity (r), Al3 +/SO42- molar ratio and aging time on the morphology of PACS were observed by transmission electrical microscope. The influence of aging time on charge neutralization and coagulation effect of PACS was studied.The effects of basicity (r), Al3+/SO42- molar ratio and aging time on the electrical conductivity of PACS solution were also investigated. The experimental results show that the degree of polymerization of polyaluminium chloride(PAC) increases when SO42-ion is added. The higher the basicity(r) and the longer the aging time, the larger the size of polymer PACS. The ability of PACS neutralizing the charge on Kaolinite decreases with the increase of aging time. The electrical conductivity of PACS solution (the concentration of Al3+ ion is 0.18 mol/L) with different aging time is the function of the basicity and Al3 +/SO42- molar ratios and has its maximum at r = 0.5 and Al3+/SO42- = 12.     

Morphology and electrical conductivity of PACS

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A novel method to synthesize polyaluminum chloride with a membrane reactor

Al13 or Alb is usually regarded as the most efficient species of polyaluminum chloride(PAC), the performance flocculant for water treatment. This paper was intended to report a new method to synthesize PAC with high content Alb, by using the membrane reactor. NaOH solutions were managed to permeate slowly through the micropores of ultrafiltration membrane into AlCl3 solutions under the suitable transmembrane pressure(TMP). Meanwhile NaOH drops size was limited to nano-scale, resulting in dramatical reduction of the characteristic diffusion time and great increment of contact interface between the strong base and AI ions in solution to favor the formation of Al(OH)4^-, the precursor of AI,3, so few precipitates and much Alb are produced. When the initial concentration of AlCl3/NaOH is 0.40/2.0 (mol/L), MWCO = 10000, TMP = 0.0085 MPa, T= 305 K and B(molar ratio of OH^-/Al^3 ) = 2.25, the quantity of Alb attains about 80%. The results of ^27Al-NMR determination showed that the Al13 content is equal to Alb content. And our PAC product has shown better flocculation effects than the commercial product.     

Preparation and coagulation efficiency of polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride composite coagulant from wastewater of high-purity graphite production

The aim of the present work was to produce a polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride (PAFSiC) coagulant from acidic and alkaline wastewater of purifying graphite by roasting, and subsequently to evaluate coagulation efficiency of the reagent by treating surface water from the Yellow River as well as municipal wastewater in comparison with the conventional coagulant polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The PAFSiC coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization. The effects of (Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio, OH/(Al+Fe) molar ratio (i.e., value), coagulant dosage and pH value of test suspension on the coagulation behavior of FAFSiC and the stability of the PAFSiC were also examined. Results showed that PAFSiC performed more efficiently than PAC in removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphate (TP). The PAFSiC with a value of 2.0 and (Al+Fe)/Si ratio of 5 (PAFSiC 2.0/5) showed excellent coagulation effect for both turbidity and COD, while PAFSiC 1.0/5 was the best for TP. The optimum coagulation pH range of PAFSiC 2.0/5 was 5.0–9.0, slightly wider than that of PAC (6.0–8.0). The process can be easily incorporated into high-purity graphite production plants, thereby reducing wastewater pollution and producing a valuable coagulant.     

聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂的形态分布研究--Al-Ferron和27Al-NMR相结合

主要研究了Al Ferron逐时络合比色法和2 7Al NMR法应用于聚合铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂形态分布的测定 .结果表明 ,两种方法分别测定的Alb 和Al13 的结果具有一定的相关性 ;聚合铝与有机高分子复合后其形态分布发生了一定的变化 ,Alb(或Al13 )的含量有所降低 ,但仍是优势形态 ,Ala(或Al单)的含量基本保持不变 .     

聚合铝基复合絮凝剂的特性

以聚合氯化铝 (PAC)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物 (PDMDAAC)为原料 ,制备出了聚合氯化铝 (PAC) 二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物复合絮凝剂 (PDMDAAC) ,采用微电泳技术、透射电镜研究其电荷特性及结构形貌情况 ,并试验了处理油田废水的絮凝效果 .研究结果表明 ,PAC PDMDAAC较PAC具有更高的表面电荷、更大的枝化度和更好的絮凝效果     

Quantitative model for species distribution of hydroxy polyaluminum chloride

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